Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

La Psicología: un acercamiento desde la teoría

The article describes the scientific condition of Psychology from a theoretical approach. The qualitative method, the post-positivist approach, the constructivist paradigm, the hermeneutics technique, and interpretation for the analysis of the results are used. Psychology went from being a difficult variable to explain, to an independent science, capable of studying the human mind and behavior, prevailing in it observable records, its objectives and techniques, which affects its reliability and scientific validation.El artículo describe la condición científica de la Psicología desde un acercamiento teórico. Se utiliza como método el cualitativo, enfoque pospositivista, paradigma constructivista, técnica la hermenéutica, y para el análisis de los resultados la interpretación. La Psicología pasó de ser una variable difícil de explicar, a una ciencia independiente, capaz de estudiar la mente y conducta humana, prevaleciendo en ella los registros observables, sus objetivos y técnicas, lo que repercute en su confiabilidad y validación científica

Gestión estratégica e innovación en las organizaciones: Aproximaciones reflexivas

The research describes strategic management and innovation in organizations from a reflective and theoretical perspective, considering the challenges and opportunities of the environment, seeking to improve their ability to adapt and grow. With a post - positivist perspective, hermeneutic method, constructionist approach, through the interpretation of disciplinary documentary sources, using the technique and data analysis to examine both the classical and current sources of the study variable. The findings show that strategic management and innovation are necessary in a competitive and changing business environment, generating a positive effect on the ability to adapt. It is concluded that these study variables improve external and internal corporate processes, adopting new technologies and ways of working; for this reason, it is imperative to encourage creativity to respond to the challenges, problems and requirements of the environment.La investigación describe la gestión estratégica e innovación en las organizaciones desde una perspectiva reflexiva y teórica, considerando los desafíos y oportunidades del entorno, buscando el mejoramiento de su capacidad de adaptación y crecimiento. Con una perspectiva post - positivista, método hermenéutico, enfoque construccionista, mediante la interpretación de fuentes documentales disciplinarias, utilizando la técnica y análisis de datos para examinar tanto las fuentes clásicas como actuales de la variable de estudio. Los hallazgos evidencian que la gestión estratégica e innovación se hacen necesarias en un entorno empresarial competitivo y cambiante, generando un efecto positivo en la capacidad de adaptación. Se concluye que estas variables de estudio mejoran los procesos externos e internos corporativos, adoptando nuevas tecnologías y formas de trabajo; por ello se hace perentorio fomentar la creatividad para darle respuesta a los desafíos, problemas y requerimientos del entorno