Quimioesterilización de Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) con un regulador del crecimiento de insectos

Anastrepha fraterculus is a fruit pest of economic importance in South America and northwestern Argentina. Currently, it is controlled with toxic baits but there is a demand for environmentally acceptable methodologies. The use of inhibitors of the chitin synthesis is proposed as a tool to sterilize adults in the field. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different doses of lufenuron to generate chemosterilization in A. fraterculus. Three experiments were performed. In the first two, the product was incorporated into the diet of the adults from emergence to sexual maturity. Treated individuals from one sex were crossed with untreated individuals from the other sex. Eggs were collected and allowed embryonic development. In the third trial, untreated males and females were crossed and allowed to copulate. Subsequently, females were exposed to the product and the eggs were collected. Egg hatch was affected in the three experiments in a dose dependent way. In Experiment 3, the effect of the product was evidenced 48 hours after exposure. Fecundity was also affected when the females were the treated sex. The results show that exposure of adults to lufenuron reduces egg hatch in A. fraterculus encouraging further investigations to adapt this methodology for this species.Fil: Ruiz, J. E.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Santilli, Melisa del Valle. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Cabrera, Debora Carina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Vera, M. T.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: de la Vega, M. H.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentin

Identification and mapping of a locus conferring plum pox virus resistance in two apricot-improved linkage maps

Sharka disease, caused by the plum pox virus (PPV), is one of the major limiting factors for stone fruit crops in Europe and America. In particular, apricot is severely affected suffering significant fruit losses. Thus, PPV resistance is a trait of great interest for the apricot breeding programs currently in progress. In this work, two apricot maps, earlier constructed with the F1 ‘Goldrich × Currot’ (G×C) and the F2 ‘Lito × Lito’-98 (L×L-98) populations, have been improved including 43 and 37 new simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, respectively, to facilitate PPV resistance trait mapping. Screening of PPV resistance on the segregating populations classified seedling phenotypes into resistant or susceptible. A non-parametric mapping method, based on the Kruskal–Wallis (KW) rank sum test, was initially used to score marker–trait association, and results were confirmed by interval mapping. Contrary to the putative digenic model inferred from the phenotypic segregations, all significant markers for the KW statistic (P < 0.005) mapped in a unique region of ~21.0 and ~20.3 cM located on the upper part of the G1 linkage group in ‘G×C’ and ‘L×L-98’ maps, respectively. According to the data, PPV resistance is suggested to be controlled by at least one major dominant locus. The association between three SSRs distributed within this region and the PPV resistance was tested in two additional populations (‘Goldrich × Canino’ and ‘Lito × Lito’-00) and breeding program parents. The marker ssrPaCITA5 showed the highest KW value (P < 0.005) in all cases, pointing out its usefulness in marker-assisted selection.This research was supported by a grant from the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (AGL2004-04126-C02-02/AGR).Peer reviewe

Development of efficient recirculation system for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture using low cost materials

In the current experiment, a recirculation system was built using low cost materials that are available locally and its performance was tested. The performance evaluation procedure was carried out in an aquaculture system in greenhouse with sex-reversed male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) production in Querétaro State, Mexico. The recirculation system had four sections (sediment collector, gravel and sand filters, biofilter and clarification) in order to eliminate the organic matter produced by the fish excretion material and uneaten food, as well as, the nitrogenous compounds undesirable in the water tanks, such as, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN). The monitored variables include: temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, visibility, TAN, nitrites and nitrates. The obtained data were compared with previous studies to evaluate the achieved state of the system. This research clearly demonstrated that it is feasible to use the proposed configuration in aquaculture systems in areas where water source is limited. Consequently, the obtained results represent an environmental standpoint for the conservation of water use in the aquaculture industry and also constitute an important contribution to the aquaculture and farmers who receive minimal economic support.Key words: Water recirculation, aquaculture, sustainability, low cost, water use efficiency

Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains colonizing the nostrils of Spanish children

Objective: To characterize the Staphylococcus aureus strains colonizing healthy Spanish children. Methods: Between March and July 2018, 1876 Spanish children younger than 14 years attending primary healthcare centers were recruited from rural and urban areas. Staphylococcus aureus colonization of the anterior nostrils was analyzed. MecA and mecC genes, antibiotic susceptibility, and genotyping according to the spa were determined in all strains, and the following toxins were examined: Panton-Valentine leucocidin (pvl), toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst), and exfoliative toxins (eta, etb, etd). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) typing were performed on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, as well as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: 619 strains were isolated in 1876 children (33%), and 92% of them were sent for characterization to the Spanish National Centre of Microbiology (n = 572). Twenty (3.5%) of these strains were mecA-positive. Several spa types were detected among MRSA, being t002 the most frequently observed (30%), associating with SCCmec IVc. Among MSSA, 33% were positive for tst, while only 0.73% were positive for pvl. The 20 MRSA strains were negative for pvl, and 6 (30%) harbored the tst gene. Conclusions: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in Spanish children is rare, with t002 being the most observed spa type, associated with SCCmec IVc. None of the MRSA strains produced pvl, but up to 30% of S. aureus strains were positive for tst

PDL1 Signals through Conserved Sequence Motifs to Overcome Interferon-Mediated Cytotoxicity

PDL1 blockade produces remarkable clinical responses, thought to occur by T cell reactivation through prevention of PDL1-PD1 T cell inhibitory interactions. Here, we find that PDL1 cell-intrinsic signaling protects cancer cells from interferon (IFN) cytotoxicity and accelerates tumor progression. PDL1 inhibited IFN signal transduction through a conserved class of sequence motifs that mediate crosstalk with IFN signaling. Abrogation of PDL1 expression or antibody-mediated PDL1 blockade strongly sensitized cancer cells to IFN cytotoxicity through a STAT3/caspase-7-dependent pathway. Moreover, somatic mutations found in human carcinomas within these PDL1 sequence motifs disrupted motif regulation, resulting in PDL1 molecules with enhanced protective activities from type I and type II IFN cytotoxicity. Overall, our results reveal a mode of action of PDL1 in cancer cells as a first line of defense against IFN cytotoxicity

Evapotranspiration of lime trees in Mediterranean conditions

[SPA] Este estudio contribuye al conocimiento de la evapotranspiración de limeros jóvenes en condiciones mediterráneas. La novedad de la metodología propuesta es que la programación del riego se realiza de forma automática en base al contenido volumétrico de agua en el suelo. En este sentido, el objetivo principal de este trabajo fue el de calcular la evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc) haciendo uso de la ecuación general del balance hídrico. El material vegetal utilizado fueron limeros de dos años de edad (Citrus latifolia Tan. cv. Bearss) cultivados en macetas de 45 L, que fueron equipadas con sensores de capacitancia y matriciales. El riego, el drenaje y el peso de la maceta también fueron registrados continuamente. La programación de riego aseguró un óptimo estado hídrico de las plantas durante el experimento. Los valores de la ETc variaron entre 0,25 y 2,56 L planta-1 día-1 en los meses de invierno y verano respectivamente, con máximos valores en Julio. En conclusión, el peso de la maceta sirvió para validar/determinar la ETc cuando los cambios de biomasa fueron despreciables. Los resultados de este estudio permiten determinar la evapotranspiración de limeros y hacer un manejo del riego desde un enfoque automático. [ENG] This study contributes to the knowledge of evapotranspiration of young lime trees under Mediterranean conditions. The novelty of the proposed methodology is that irrigation scheduling is carried out automatically based on the volumetric water content in the soil. In this sense, the main objective of this work was to calculate crop evapotranspiration (ETc) using the general water balance equation. The plant material used was two-year-old lime trees (Citrus latifolia Tan. cv. Bearss) grown in 45 L pots, which were equipped with capacitance and matrix sensors. Irrigation, drainage, and pot weight were also continuously recorded. The irrigation schedule ensured an optimal water status of the plants during the experiment. ETc values varied between 0.25 and 2.56 L plant-1 day-1 in the winter and summer months respectively, with maximum values in July. In conclusion, pot weight served to validate/determine ETc when biomass changes were negligible. The results of this study allow to determine the evapotranspirEste trabajo ha sido financiado con proyectos del Plan Nacional AEI-Fondos FEDER-UE (AGL2016-77282-C03-1R y PID2019-106226RB-C2 1/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) y de la Fundación Séneca de la Región de Murcia (19903/GERM/15). Conesa M.R. agradece la financiación postdoctoral recibida por el programa Juan de la Cierva (FJCI -2017 -32045)

Paediatricians provide higher quality care to children and adolescents in primary care: A systematic review

Aim: The number of primary care paediatricians is decreasing in Europe without a justifiable reason. We aimed to compare the clinical practice of paediatricians and family doctors attending children and adolescents in primary care. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, TRIP and Google Scholar were searched from December 2008 to February 2018. No language or study design restrictions were applied. Three reviewers assessed eligibility of the studies. Seven pairs of reviewers performed the data extraction and assessed the methodological quality independently. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Results: Fifty-four, out of 1150 studies preselected, were included. We found that paediatricians show more appropriate pharmacology prescription patterns for the illness being treated; they achieve higher vaccination rates and have better knowledge of vaccines and fewer doubts about vaccine safety; their knowledge and implementation of different screening tests are better; they prescribe psychoactive drugs more cautiously and more in line with current practice guidelines; their evaluation and treatment of obesity and lipid disorders follow criteria more consistently with current clinical practice guidelines; and they perform fewer diagnostic test, show a more suitable use of the test and request fewer referrals to specialists. Conclusion: According to published data, in developed countries, paediatricians provide higher quality care to children than family doctors

Urinary Excretion of Mimosine Metabolites by Hair Sheep Fed Foliage of \u3cem\u3eLeucaena leucocephala\u3c/em\u3e

Leucaena leucocephala is an adapted legume widely distributed in the tropical regions of Mexico. The high crude protein content of leucaena leaves renders it appropriate for ruminant feeding under commercial conditions. However, the foliage contains the non-protein amino acid mimosine, which, if consumed in high amounts, may induce toxicity in animals which have not previously consumed the legume or without microorganisms capable of degrading mimosine and its derivatives 2,3-DHP (dihydroxypyridine) and 3,4-DHP (Hammond 1995, Palmer et al. 2010, Dalzell et al. 2012). Barros-Rodríguez et al. (2012) found that dry matter intake and weight gain were reduced when sheep grazed paddocks with 55,000 plants of leucaena per hectare. Early work in Australia led to the isolation of Synergistes jonesii, an anaerobic bacterium able to degrade 3,4-DHP and 2,3-DHP to non-toxic compounds (Allison et al. 1992). In Mexico, the presence of this microorganism in the rumen has not yet been confirmed. Inoculation of non-accustomed animals with rumen liquor of ruminants adapted to the consumption of leucaena can reduce the impact of mimosine and its metabolites on animal health (Ghosh et al. 2009; Palmer et al. 2010). The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of transferring rumen liquor of cows adapted to the consumption of L. leucocephala to sheep without experience of consumption, on urinary excretion of 3.4-DHP and 2.3-DHP by means of a colorimetric technique

Future care for long-term cancer survivors: towards a new model

Purpose: The increase in the prevalence "long-term cancer survivor” (LCS) patients is expected to increase the cost of LCS care. The aim of this study was to obtain information that would allow to optimise the current model of health management in Spain to adapt it to one of efficient LCS patient care. Methods: This qualitative study was carried out using Delphi methodology. An advisory committee defined the criteria for participation, select the panel of experts, prepare the questionnaire, interpret the results and draft the final report. Results: 232 people took part in the study (48 oncologists). Absolute consensus was reached in three of the proposed sections: oncological epidemiology, training of health professionals and ICT functions. Conclusion: The role of primary care in the clinical management of LCS patients needs to be upgraded, coordination with the oncologist and hospital care is essential. The funding model needs to be adapted to determine the funding conditions for new drugs and technologiesOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This project was funded by AZ. The funding party did not influence the opinion of the authors. All the authors have accepted the participation as advisers of the ASISTO group and give their consent for the publication of the documen