Soledades y desiertos: un estudio sobre las vivencias de la soledad en jóvenes universitarios del sureste español

The social importance that loneliness is acquiring in contemporary societies has turned this experience into an object of research in disciplines such as anthropology. The anthropological approach attempts to redraw the traditional analyses in terms of individuality and psychology, and seeks to offer a sociocultural and collective interpretation of this reality. This research uses the Photo Elicited Interview method to analyse the experience of loneliness in young people between 19 and 24 years old from Almería in the post-COVID context from the viewpoint of the recently emerged anthropology of loneliness. The results of the analysis are organized in three levels: a subjective-bodily level (loneliness), an interpersonal level (desertification processes) and a sociocultural level (deserts), connecting the subjective dimension of the phenomenon with the discourses on transformations in a social and relational environment. Because of the complexity of the issue, this article only discusses the findings on the subjective-corporal level. The interpretation of the 40 interviews revealed six dimensions of the experience of loneliness – emotional, physical, existential, identity, relational and transformational (solitude) – all of which interacted closely with aggravating factors such as discrimination and rejection, life in the city, capitalist competitiveness, nihilism and, somewhat ambivalently, social networks (neoliberal digitalization), psychology and the isolation resulting from COVID. The findings reveal a problem of enormous depth and reinforce the need to adopt a bodily, relational and socio-political understanding of loneliness.La importancia social que está adquiriendo la soledad en las sociedades contemporáneas ha convertido esta experiencia en objeto de investigación de disciplinas como la antropología. El abordaje antropológico, tratando de redibujar los análisis tradicionales en clave individual y psicológica, busca ofrecer una lectura sociocultural y colectiva de esta realidad. Esta investigación analiza, mediante el método Photo Elicited Interview (PEI), la vivencia de la soledad en jóvenes de Almería, entre 19 y 24 años, en el contexto post-COVID desde las coordenadas de la recién surgida antropología de la soledad. Los resultados del análisis se organizan en tres niveles: subjetivo-corporal (soledades), interpersonal (procesos de desertización) y sociocultural (desiertos), conectando la dimensión subjetiva del fenómeno con los discursos sobre las trasformaciones en un medio ambiente social y relacional. Por su complejidad, este artículo desmenuza únicamente los hallazgos relativos al nivel subjetivo-corporal. La interpretación de las cuarenta entrevistas permitió reconocer seis dimensiones de la vivencia de la soledad: la emocional, la física, la existencial, la identitaria, la relacional y la transformadora; todas ellas en estrecha interacción con los factores que las agravan, como son la discriminación y el rechazo, la vida en la ciudad, la competitividad capitalista, el nihilismo y, de una manera ambivalente, las redes sociales (la digitalización neoliberal), la psicología y el aislamiento derivado de la COVID. Los hallazgos revelan una problemática de enorme calado y refuerzan la necesidad de adoptar una comprensión corporal, relacional y sociopolítica de la soledad

Efectividad del Programa Educativo “Vida Saludable” en el Cambio de Estilos de Vida de Pacientes con Síndrome Metabólico. Hospital I Cono Sur Essalud - Nuevo Chimbote 2015.

El presente estudio de investigación es cuasi-experimental con objetivo Conocer la efectividad del programa educativo “Vida Saludable” en el Cambio de Estilos de Vida de Pacientes con Síndrome Metabólico. Hospital I Cono Sur Essalud - Nuevo Chimbote 2015.Sustentado en Teoría General de Sistemas de Bertalanffy. Muestra 50 pacientes con Síndrome Metabólico, se aplicó un test, un programa educativo y post-test, concluyendo: El estilo de vida de los pacientes con síndrome metabólico del Hospital I Cono Sur, antes de la aplicación del Programa Educativo “Vida Saludable” fue que un 68% de ellos tenían estilos de vida adecuados y un 32% tenían estilos de vida inadecuados. El estilo de vida de los pacientes con síndrome metabólico del Hospital I Cono Sur, después de la aplicación del Programa Educativo “Vida Saludable” fue que el 100% de ellos presentaron estilos de vida adecuados. Se demostró la efectividad del programa educativo, porque se observó que el estilo de vida inadecuado disminuyó totalmente logrando el 100% de estilos de vida adecuados.Tesi

Boletín MOMENTO ECONÓMICO, año 8, núm. 50, noviembre 2016-febrero 2017

En este número de Momento Económico se analiza el incremento del precio de las gasolinas considerando tres elementos que influyen en su determinación. Además, se hace un recuento de las principales ideas expresadas por los especialistas participantes en el Seminario de Pobreza, Desigualdad del Ingreso y Exclusión Social, realizado en el IIEc-UNAM. Finalmente, se presenta una reflexión sobre el proceso histórico estructural que incide en la persistencia de la pobreza

Verapamil parameter- and dose-dependently impairs memory consolidation in open field habituation task in rats

© 2017 Popovic, Giménez de Béjar, Caballero-Bleda and Popovic. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. This document is the Published version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Frontiers in Pharmacology. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2016.00539The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of the phenylalkylamine class of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel antagonist, verapamil (1.0, 2.5, 5.0, or 10 mg/kg i.p.), administered immediately after the acquisition task, on memory consolidation of the open field habituation task, in male Wistar rats. On the 48 h retested trial, all tested parameters (ambulation in the side wall and in the central areas, number of rearing, time spent grooming and defecation rate) significantly decreased in the saline treated animals. A significant decrease of rearing was observed in all verapamil treated groups. On the retention day, the ambulation in the side wall and central areas significantly decreased in the animals treated with 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of verapamil, while the time spent grooming and the defecation rate significantly decreased only in the group treated with 1 mg/kg of verapamil. According to the change ratio scores that correct the individual behavioral baseline differences during initial and final sessions, habituation deficit was found in animals treated with verapamil as follows: ambulation along the side wall area (1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg), number of rearing (all used dose) and time spent grooming (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg). In conclusion, the present data suggest that the post-training administration of verapamil, parameter- and dose-dependently, impairs the habituation to a novel environment

Riparian or phreatophile woodland and shrubland vegetation in the Central Chilean biogeographic region: phytosociological study

The Mediterranean territory in Chile is an extensive area whose natural vegetation has suffered the impact of man-made activities far more severely than anywhere else in the country. Its northernmost section (the Atacama and Coquimbo regions) is characterised by ombroclimates that range from ultra-hyperarid to arid, and by highly irregular river courses with limited spaces for phreatophilic vegetation that have been exploited by humans as fertile farmlands. However, in the river valleys of the Central Chilean biogeographic province, where the ombroclimate is at least semiarid, there may be permanent watercourses that drain from the Andean mountain range towards the Pacific Ocean that contain representations of riparian or phreatophilic vegetation linked to riverbanks or alluvial terraces, in spite of the inevitable human influence. We studied the most conspicuous plant communities with the most highly developed biomass in these riparian environments, namely willow stands dominated by Salix humboldtiana and accompanied by some autochthonous woody species, in order to clarify their floristic composition and their correct ordination within the syntaxonomy of Chilean vegetation. The data collected suggest the existence of a phytosociological association: Otholobio glandulosi-Salicetum humboldtianae ass. nova, as the majority association in the Central Chilean province. Another possible association which replaces this (Baccharido salicifoliae-Myrceugenietum lanceolatae prov.) is also proposed in the transition to a humid ombroclimate and Temperate macrobioclimate.The floristic contents of these Chilean communities are compared with other associations dominated by Salix humboldtiana described for other territories bordering Chile: Argentina, Bolivia and Peru. However, given that they are all located in a Tropical macrobioclimate and their companion flora is therefore clearly different from the flora present in the Chilean communities, we propose the creation of a new phytosociological class to include these syntaxonomically: Mayteno boariae-Salicetea humboldtianae class. nova. This work also ascribes the association Tessario absinthioidis-Baccharidetum marginalis (representing a prior dynamic stage to Otholobio glandulosi-Salicetum humboldtianae) to the class Tessario integrifoliae-Baccharideteasalicifoliae.S

The relationships between economic scarcity, concrete mindset and risk behavior: A study of nicaraguan adolescents

Background: Nicaragua is one of the poorest countries in Latin America, with an extremely low human development index (HDI). Fifty-two percent of the Nicaraguan population are children and adolescents under 18 years of age. Nicaraguan adolescents present several risk behaviors (such as teenage pregnancies, consumption of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis). Our study examines the links between risk behaviors, fatalism, real economic scarcity, and concrete construal level for adolescents with low and middle-low socioeconomic status in Nicaragua. Methods: Nicaraguan adolescents (N = 834) from schools located in especially vulnerable areas (low economic status) or in neighborhoods with middle-low social class completed several scales and questions to evaluate fatalism (SFC—social fatalism scale), construal level (BIF) and their past and future risk behaviors (smoking cigarettes, smoking cannabis, unsafe sex, and alcohol consumption). Results: We identified that the poorest individuals who maintained a concrete style of thinking had the highest rates of past and future risk behaviors. This vulnerable group also reported the highest levels of fatalism, i.e., negative attitudes and feelings of helplessness. Encouragingly, the adolescents who were able to maintain an abstract mindset reported healthier past and future habits and lower fatalism, even when they belonged to the lowest social status. In the middle-low economic group, the construal level was not as relevant to maintaining healthy habits, as adolescents reported similar rates of past and future risk behavior at both construal levels. Conclusions: All these results support the importance of considering construal level when studying vulnerable populations and designing risk prevention programs.This research was funded by: FEDER/MUNCYT-MIC (grant number: PGC2018-093821-B-I00) and Andalusian Agency for International Cooperation and Development Project (0DH025/2016). And the APC was funded by PGC2018-093821-B-I0

The bright side of abstraction: Abstractness promoted more empathic concern, a more positive emotional climate, and more humanity-esteem after the Paris terrorist attacks in 2015

Antecedents: Previous research on citizens’ reactions after terrorist events has shown that positive reactions can also emerge alongside pain and horror. Positive emotions have been widely associated with an abstract style of thinking. In the context of the Paris terrorist attacks in 2015, we explored Spanish citizens’ positive reactions – empathic concern, positive emotional climate, and esteem for humanity – and examined the relationships of these responses with an abstract (vs. concrete) style of thinking. Method: A longitudinal study was designed involving an online questionnaire that was administered 10 days, 3 weeks, and 2 months after the attacks (N = 253). Results: Empathic concern and personal distress toward Parisians decreased from the weeks following the attacks to 2 months later, with empathic concern always being more intense than personal distress. Emotional climate was perceived as more hostile than positive, although positive feelings persisted. People reported moderately positive esteem for humanity. Individuals with a more abstract style of thinking reported greater empathic concern, a more positive emotional climate, and more esteem for humanity. Conclusions: Our results support and extend previous research showing that abstraction enhances people’s resilience, even under traumatic circumstances such as those surrounding a terrorist attack.This study was funded by FEDER/MUNCYT (Grant Number: PGC2018-093821-B-I00

Evaluación del sitio WEB del Servicio de Impuestos Internos y factores determinantes en su utilización por parte de los contribuyentes de la Ciudad de Talca

84 p.La presente Memoria, surgió por la inquietud de conocer más acerca del Servicio de Impuestos Internos y de cómo estaba funcionando la implementación de su Sitio Web. Para esto, logramos contactarnos con la Directora Regional del Servicio Sra. Mirtha Barra, la que nos proporcionó información necesaria para determinar el tema definitivo de este estudio, siendo éste finalmente la Evaluación del Sitio Web del S.I.I., en forma más específica, la oficina virtual; y además a modo de complemento, se realizó una Investigación de Mercados limitada para conocer los posibles factores que influyen en la utilización de este sitio. Se definió una Metodología adecuada para cada una de las partes de esta Memoria; en la cual se utilizó la Metodología de Análisis Multicriterio y la de Investigación de Mercados, trabajando ambas por separado y obteniendo sus respectivas conclusiones. Con la finalidad de llegar a conclusiones generales acerca del tema en cuestión