Begeleiden en beoordelen van ontwerpgericht onderzoek in studio’s = Supervising and assessing design-based research in studios

In het vernieuwde vak “Educational Design Research (EDR)” van de universitaire lerarenopleiding, Master Educatie in de Bètawetenschappen werken studenten samen volgens de cyclus van EDR (McKeeney & Reeves, 2019) rondom thema’s die leven in scholen uit ons netwerk. Uit een verkennende fase, waarin praktijk en literatuur centraal staan, volgen eerste ontwerpprincipes. Het ontwerp wordt ontwikkeld en verantwoord. Ten behoeve van de implementatie en evaluatie wordt een plan gemaakt. Uit de implementatie en evaluatie volgt een eindverslag. Deze groepsproducten leiden tot een groepscijfer. Daarnaast hebben we in ons ontwerp van EDR een werkwijze ontwikkeld rondom de persoonlijke ontwikkeling van de studenten, die uiteindelijk meeweegt in de bepaling van het individuele cijfer. In deze Ontmoeting werken we aan de hand van het wereldcafé aan het bespreken van deze werkwijze; de manier waarop studiobegeleiders zowel begeleider als beoordelaar zijn; en de rol van studenten en scholen in dit geheel. Ieder onderwerp van discussie wordt aan de hand van drie opeenvolgende vragen besproken: knelpunten, oplossingen, randvoorwaarden. De opbrengst gaat in op het (door)ontwikkelen van dit proces. Daarnaast willen we andere lerarenopleidingen ondersteunen die met vergelijkbare processen werken en leren van/met deze ervaringen

A Method for Enhancing Capacity of Local Governance for Climate Change Adaptation

UID/AMB/04085/2019The lack of capacity for climate change adaptation at the subnational level has been highlighted as a key barrier to implementing the UNFCCC National Adaptation Plans. At the same time, the adaptive capacity of local governance is highly context sensitive, making a “one-size fits all” approach inappropriate. Thus, a versatile methodological approach for application in various local contexts is required. There are several indicator-based local governance assessment methods for evaluating the effectiveness of local governance for climate change adaptation. However, they fall short of identifying and prioritizing between key factors within local governance for enhancing adaptive capacity and driving positive change. Building on adaptation theory, the authors propose combining two methodological approaches, the Capital Approach Framework for evaluating the adaptive capacity of local governance and Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping for identifying leverage points, into one integrated modeling approach, which can be applied by local researchers. This paper describes the process and benefits of combining the methodological approaches, with an example provided as supporting information. Assisting decision-makers and policy planners from subnational governance in identifying leverage points to focus and maximize impact of capacity-enhancing measures would make a key contribution for successful implementation of the UNFCCC National Adaptation Plans.publishersversionpublishe

Long-Term Functionality of Rural Water Services in Developing Countries: A System Dynamics Approach to Understanding the Dynamic Interaction of Causal Factors

Research has shown that sustainability of rural water infrastructure in developing countries is largely affected by the dynamic and systemic interactions of technical, social, financial, institutional, and environmental factors that can lead to premature water system failure. This research employs systems dynamic modeling, which uses feedback mechanisms to understand how these factors interact dynamically to influence long-term rural water system functionality. To do this, the research first identified and aggregated key factors from literature, then asked water sector experts to indicate the polarity and strength between factors through Delphi and cross impact survey questionnaires, and finally used system dynamics modeling to identify and prioritize feedback mechanisms. The resulting model identified 101 feedback mechanisms that were dominated primarily by three and four-factor loops that contained some combination of the factors: Water System Functionality, Community, Financial, Government, Management, and Technology. These feedback mechanisms were then scored and prioritized, with the most dominant feedback mechanism identified as Water System Functionality – Community – Finance – Management. This research offers insight into the dynamic interaction of factors impacting sustainability of rural water infrastructure through the identification of these feedback mechanisms and makes a compelling case for future research to longitudinally investigate the interaction of these factors in various contexts

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves colorectal anastomotic healing

Purpose: Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) has been found to improve the healing of poorly oxygenated tissues. This study aimed to investigate the influence of HBOT on the healing in ischemic colorectal anastomosis. Methods: Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into a treatment group that received HBOT for 10 consecutive days (7 days before and 3 days after surgery), or in a control group, which did not receive the therapy. Colectomy with an ischemic anastomosis was performed in all rats. In each group, the rats were followed for 3 or 7 days after surgery to determine the influence of HBOT on anastomotic healing. Results: Five rats from each group died during follow-up. No anastomotic dehiscence was seen in the HBOT group, compared to 37.5 % and 28.6 % dehiscence in the control group on postoperative day (POD) 3 and 7, respectively. The HBOT group had a significantly higher bursting pressure (130.9 ± 17.0 mmHg) than the control group (88.4 ± 46.7 mmHg; p = 0.03) on POD 3. On POD 3 and POD 7, the adhesion severity was significantly higher in the control groups than in the HBOT groups (p < 0.005). Kidney function (creatinine level) of the HBOT group was significantly better than of the control group on POD 7 (p = 0.001). Interestingly, a significantly higher number of CD206+ cells (marker for type 2 macrophages) was observed in the HBOT group at the anastomotic area on POD 3. Conclusion: Hyperbaric oxygen enhanced the healing of ischemic anastomoses in rats and improved the postoperative kidney function

Using system dynamics for collaborative design: a case study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In order to facilitate the collaborative design, system dynamics (SD) with a group modelling approach was used in the early stages of planning a new stroke unit. During six workshops a SD model was created in a multiprofessional group.</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>To explore to which extent and how the use of system dynamics contributed to the collaborative design process.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>A case study was conducted using several data sources.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>SD supported a collaborative design, by facilitating an explicit description of stroke care process, a dialogue and a joint understanding. The construction of the model obliged the group to conceptualise the stroke care and experimentation with the model gave the opportunity to reflect on care.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>SD facilitated the collaborative design process and should be integrated in the early stages of the design process as a quality improvement tool.</p

Contemporary review of risk-stratified management in acute uncomplicated and complicated diverticulitis

BACKGROUND: Acute colonic diverticulitis is a common clinical condition. Severity of the disease is based on clinical, laboratory, and radiological investigations and dictates the need for medical or surgical intervention. Recent clinical trials have improved the understanding of the natural history of the disease resulting in new approaches to and better evidence for the management of acute diverticulitis. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Library (years 2004-2015), MEDLINE (years 2004-2015), and EMBASE (years 2004-2015) databases. We used the search terms "diverticulitis, colonic" or "acute diverticulitis" or "divertic*" in combination with the terms "management," "antibiotics," "non-operative," or "surgery." Registers for clinical trials (such as the WHO registry and the https://clinicaltrials.gov/) were searched for ongoing, recruiting, or closed trials not yet published. RESULTS: Antibiotic treatment can be avoided in simple, non-complicated diverticulitis and outpatient management is safe. The management of complicated disease, ranging from a localized abscess to perforation with diffuse peritonitis, has changed towards either percutaneous or minimally invasive approaches in selected cases. The role of laparoscopic lavage without resection in perforated non-fecal diverticulitis is still debated; however, recent evidence from two randomised controlled trials has found a higher re-intervention in this group of patients. CONCLUSIONS: A shift in management has occurred towards conservative management in acute uncomplicated disease. Those with uncomplicated acute diverticulitis may be treated without antibiotics. For complicated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis, the use of peritoneal lavage appears to be non-superior to resection