Medication Reconciliation

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) stated that preventable medication errors are the most common type of errors in healthcare. It is of fundamental significance when building a safer care continuum, as it highlights the reason for continuous and more vigilant medication reconciliation and required effort at all interfaces of care, including community. Without a robust medication reconciliation process, the potential for catastrophic outcomes remains a constant concern. Prevention of medication errors is essential through strategies that are based in evidence of medication reconciliation strategies on medication errors in community

Effectiveness of Teaching Standardized Protocol on Safe Medication Administration Process Upon the Level of Knowledge among Nurses at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Chennai

Strategies to improve medication safety focused on acute care settings. Twenty-six studies and descriptions of quality improvement projects were identified. Strategies used to focus on recommendations to prevent medication errors at various stages, from a nationwide voluntary organization to improve safety of patients and empower education system of nurses and other health care providers in safe practices in health care system and vast growing technology

Structural studies of `push–pull' butadienes

Compound (I), ethyl 2-cyano-5-dimethylamino-3- methyl-2,4-pentadienoate, C11H16N2O2, Mr = 208.26, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 7.679(2), b = 13.368 (2), c = 11.756 (2) Å, β = 92.62 (2)°, V = 1205.5 (4) Å3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.15 g cm-3, λ(Cu Kα) = 1.5418Å, μ = 6.15cm-1, F(000)=448, T=293K, R=0.062 for 1721 unique reflections. Compound (II), 4,4-bis(methylthio)-2-phenyl- 1,3-butadiene- 1,1- dicarbonitrile, C14H12N2S2, Mr=272.38, triclinic, P1̅, a = 8.833 (1), b = 9.419 (2), c = 9.520 (1) Å, α = 106.77 (1), β = 93.14 (1), ᵞ = 109.61(1)°, V= 704.2 (2) Å3, Z = 2, Dx = 1.28 g cm-3, λ(Cu Kα) = 1.5418 Å, μ = 32.29 cm-1, F(000) = 284, T = 293 K, R = 0.062 for 2059 unique reflections. Compound (III), ethyl 2-cyano-5-dimethylamino-3-phenyl-2,4- pentadienoate, C16H18N2O2, Mr=270.33, mono- clinic, C2/c, a = 17.468 (1), b= 13.753 (4), c= 15.218 (1) Å, β = 125.49 (1)°, V = 2976.7 (9) Å3, Z = 8, Dx = 1.21 g cm-3, λ(Cu Kα)= 1.5418Å, μ = 6.12 cm-1, F(000)=1152, T = 293 K, R = 0.055 for 2211 unique reflections. Compound (IV), 4-dimethylamino-4-methylthio-3-phenyl-l,3- butadiene-1,1-dicarbonitrile, C15H15N3S, Mr = 269.36, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 9.951 (1), b – 10.040 (1), c = 14.764 (2) Å, β = 98.67 (1)°, V = 1458.9 (2) Å3 Z = 4, Dx = 1.23 g cm-3, λ(Cu Kα) = 1.5418 Å, μ = 18.37 cm -1, F(000) = 568, T = 293 K, R = 0.052 for 2479 unique reflections. The influence of different electron donor-acceptor pairings on the molecular geometry is discussed

Microburst phenomena. I - Auroral zone X-rays

Balloon observations of auroral zone bremsstrahlung X-ray microburst

Evaluation of the Fresh and Hardened Properties of Steel Fibre Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete Using Recycled Aggregates as a Replacement Material

In this world of rapid urbanization the demand for natural construction materials is increasing day by day which has created a necessity for alternative construction materials. Recycling of materials is a possible way of eradicating the acute shortage of materials. Considerable work has been done in the area of self-compacting concrete by partial replacement of coarse aggregates (CA) with recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) obtained from construction and demolition debris. The present study has been done by adding steel fibers to concrete in a view of improving the mechanical properties of SCC so that it can be applied in beam column joints. An ideal mix proportion was arrived at, as a result of repeated trials and specimens that were cast and cured. The compression, tensile, and flexural strength parameters were determined and the result has been presented. The results obtained reveal that brick bats in combination with steel fibres may be used extensively in SCC

Standardization of the method for estimation of ethambutol in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluid

A simple column chromatographic method for determination of ethambutol (EMB) in pharmaceutical preparations containing EMB in combination with other anti-TB drugs is presented. The method involved extraction of EMB into an organic solvent. followed by basification and column chromatographic separation on Amberlite CG 50 (100-200 mesh) and elution with suitable eluants and estimation at a wavelength of 270 nm. The assay was linear from 25 to 400 μg/ml. The relative standard deviations of intra and inter day assays were lower than 5%. Ethambutol was recovered from human urine quantitatively and stable for a period of atleast one week in urine stored at-20°C

Structural and magnetic properties of a series of low doped Zn1−x_{1-x}Cox_xO thin films deposited from Zn and Co metal targets on (0001) Al2_2O3_3 substrates

We report on the synthesis of low doping Zn$_{1-x}$Co$_x$O ($0<x<0.1$) thin films on (0001)-Al$_2$O$_3$ substrates. The films were prepared in an oxidizing atmosphere, using the pulsed laser deposition technique starting from Zn and Co metallic targets. We first studied the influence of the strains of ZnO and their stuctural properties. Second, we have investigated the structural and the magnetic properties of the Zn$_{1-x}$Co$_x$O films. We show that at low doping, the lattice parameters and the magnetization of the Zn$_{1-x}$Co$_x$O films depend strongly on the Co concentration.Comment: to be published in Journal Applied Physics (June 2004) as a proceeding of the MMM/Intermag Conferenc

Bioluminescence assay of adenosine triphosphate in drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Twenty three clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis and the reference strain, M. tuberculosis H37Rv were tested for their susceptibility to trifluoperazine (TFP) by the standard broth dilution method and the bioluminescence assay. The results showed that in 15 of the 23 isolates, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was identical in both the methods and in the remaining 8 isolates the difference in the MIC values between the methods, was less than two fold and was not significant. The findings suggest that the measurement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by bioluminescence assay can be employed as an alternative method for the rapid screening of clinical isolates for their susceptibility to anti-mycobacterial agents

Mutual Constraints Between Reionization Models and Parameter Extraction From Cosmic Microwave Background Data

Spectroscopic studies of high-redshift objects and increasingly precise data on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) are beginning to independently place strong complementary bounds on the epoch of hydrogen reionization. Parameter estimation from current CMB data continues, however, to be subject to several degeneracies. Here, we focus on those degeneracies in CMB parameter forecasts related to the optical depth to reionization. We extend earlier work on the mutual constraints that such analyses of CMB data and a reionization model may place on each other to a more general parameter set, and to the case of data anticipated from the $MAP$ satellite. We focus in particular on a semi-analytic model of reionization by the first stars, although the methods here are easily extended to other reionization scenarios. A reionization model can provide useful complementary information for cosmological parameter (CP) extraction from the CMB, particularly for the degeneracies between the optical depth and either of the amplitude and index of the primordial scalar power spectrum, which are still present in the most recent data. Alternatively, by using a reionization model, known limits on astrophysical quantities can reduce the forecasted errors on CPs. Forthcoming CMB data also have the potential to constrain the sites of early star formation, as well as the fraction of baryons that participate in it. Finally, we examine the implications of an independent, e.g., spectroscopic, determination of the epoch of reionization for the determination of CPs from the CMB. This has the potential to significantly strengthen limits from the CMB on parameters such as the index of the power spectrum, while having the considerable advantage of being free of the choice of the reionization model (abridged).Comment: Accepted on 15 Feb. 2002 for publication in ApJ, 22 pages with 4 figures; paper's text expanded significantly, new Discussion section, results (table and figures) unchanged from version