INVESTIGATIONS OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ARGEMONE MEXICANA MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST BACTERIA WITH GASTROINTESTINAL RELEVANCE

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate antibacterial potential and phytochemical analysis of various extracts of Argemone Mexicana.Methods: The antimicrobial activity of various extracts of A. Mexicana were analysed by using agar well disc diffusion method.Results: The ethanolic and methanolic extracst of A. mexicana had showed significant antimicrobial activity. Similar result was not observed in other four extracts. The higher content of reducing sugar, flavanoids, tannin, sterol, terpene and alkaloid were found in all the extracts of A. Mexicana are comparable with Amoxicillin.Conclusion: The results obtained from this study indicate that A. mexicana is a potential source of antimicrobial and thus could prevent many diseases. Keywords: A. mexicana, Antimicrobial activity, Phytochemical analysis, Infectious diseases, Medicinal plants and Plant extract

Ovicidal, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal response of Anopheles stephensi Liston, 1901 to Lobophora variegata Lamouroux, 1817 from Tuticorin coast, Gulf of Mannar, India

The objective of the present study was to investigate the mosquito ovicidal, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal efficacy of hexane, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of, Lobophora variegata against malarial vector Anopheles stephensi. Among the five extract tested, the methanol extract was notable, which attained the 100 percent mortality at the concentration of 200.0 ppm and the hatchability rate ranged from 71.3 to 36.3 percent. In laboratory oviposition deterrent test, the extract of L. variegata greatly reduced the number of eggs deposited by gravid An. stephensi. The maximum and significant diminished fecundity in An. stephensi was observed with methanol extract which caused 76.15­–97.69% effective deterrence. Larvicidal response of An. stephensi was more susceptible in methanol extract. The LC50 ­value of methanol extract was 61.63 ppm and the Chi-square value were significant at p<0.05 level. It is concluded, that the extract of L. variegata could be used in control of malarial vector An. stephensi

DTI Atlas Building and Statistical Analysis

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Pengaruh Scaffolding Dalam Pembelajaran SiMaYang Untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Kimia Dan Self Efficacy

This research was aimed to describe the scaffolding strategy effect in SiMaYang learning to improve students\u27 chemical literacy ability and self efficacy on acid base topic. This research used quasi experiment with Matching Only Pretest Posttest Control Group Design. The samples on this research were students of XI IPA4 as an experiment class and XI IPA1 as a control class in SMAN 6 Metro. Scaffolding strategy effect in SiMaYang learning was determined by the accomplishment of scaffolding strategy and SiMaYang learning, including the enhancement of students\u27 chemical literacy ability and self efficacy. The result showed that scaffolding strategy in SiMaYang learning had “large” effect to improve students\u27 chemical literacy ability and self efficacy with in “high” category of n-gain, while in SiMaYang learning without scaffolding strategy also had “large” effect to improve students\u27 chemical literacy ability and self efficacy, but with in “middle” category of n-gain.Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pengaruh strategi scaffolding dalam pembelajaran SiMaYang untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi kimia dan self efficacy siswa pada materi asam basa. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kuasi eksperiemen dengan Matching Only Pretest Posttest Control Group Design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA4 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan XI IPA1 sebagai kelas kontrol di SMA Negeri 6 Metro. Pengaruh strategi scaffolding dalam pembelajaran SiMaYang ditentukan berdasarkan keterlaksanaan strategi scaffolding dan pembelajaran SiMaYang, serta peningkatan kemampuan literasi kimia dan self efficacy siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi scaffolding dalam pembelajaran SiMaYang memiliki pengaruh “besar” dalam meningkatkan kemampuan literasi kimia dan self efficacy siswa dengan n-gain berkategori “tinggi”, sedangkan pembelajaran SiMaYang tanpa strategi scaffolding juga memiliki pengaruh “besar” dalam meningkatkan kemampuan literasi kimia dan self efficacy siswa, namun dengan n-gain hanya berkategori “sedang”

From Vision To Action: Implementation of Community Mental Health in North Sulawesi

World Populations are seriously taking action to develop and to employ Community Mental Health, except Indonesia. This discrepancy has taken a great attention to be clarified since risen were some questions such as: In what extent CMH is fulfilled in the Primary Health Care setting, what are inhibiting factors, Difficulties and barriers encountered, what kind of approach and the model need to be create. Upon those two primary units of analysis after the exertions of the WHO AIMS domain 3 version 2.2, interviews and the study of relevant documents PHCs, were revealed some issues such as ignorance, apathy, lethargy, disincentive of Mental Health Program; roommates bring about of no decisive action in Mental Health. These facts were Followed on by some pertinent interviews with informants such as formal and informal citizens, Medical School Alumni and Lecture, the study of documents Ministry of Health, Medical School study of curricula. A bigger picture was summarized that at least three games of stakeholders (the government includes the Ministry of Health, the Community Themselves, Medical Education Institutions) possess an important responsibility of the Neglected CMH program. WHO AIMS version 2.2 on domains PHC has exposed the inadequacy program the which is developed by the three stakeholders. The Medical School curricula do not show its heavy on Mental Health, those are prevention and promotion, the government has shown CMH concepts in its direction, but inconclusive and not sharp enough in implementation. The community has no understanding of its urgency, this is leads to a no-public need and participation. Implementation of Community Mental concept is shown as in the figure 2 and 3. Keywords: Implementation of Community, Mental Healt

Alterations in Serum SOD and CAT Levels in Patients with Breast Cancer

Breast cancers are potentially life-threatening malignancies in women. Development of cancer produces oxidative stress, which increases with disease progression. Hence, studies on antioxidants may be the most promising area of research for this clinical menace. We analysed serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) in women with breast cancer. The changes in the levels of serum superoxide dismutase and catalase are measured in breast cancer patients to assess the oxidative stress. A significant increase in the level of superoxide dismutase and a lower catalase activity was observed in all the three categories of breast cancer patients compared to normal individuals. The results suggested that high ROS production supports the oxidative stress in breast cancer. So, the treatment with antioxidants in the initial stages of the disease may be useful as secondary therapy

Clinical Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Women with Breast Cancer

Breast cancers are potentially life-threatening malignancies in women. Development of cancer produces oxidative stress, which increases with disease progression. Hence, studies on antioxidants may be the most promising area of research for this clinical menace. We analysed serum Uric acid (UA) and Bilirubin (BR) in women with breast cancer. The changes in the levels of serum uric acid and bilirubin are measured in breast cancer patients to assess the oxidative stress. A significant increase in the levels of uric acid and an insignificant increase in the levels of bilirubin was observed in all the three categories of breast cancer patients compared to normal individuals. The results suggested that high ROS production supports the oxidative stress in breast cancer. So, the treatment with antioxidants in the initial stages of the disease may be useful as secondary therapy

The relation between jamu (traditional herbs) consumption and food restriction (taboo) against hemoglobin level of preconception woman in Banggai regency, Central Sulawesi Province

Nutritional status during preconception period is an important determinant of pregnancy outcome. Cultural norms, taboo, and beliefs lie within the contextual factors that could potentially affect nutritional status and health in preconception women

Improvement for detection of microcalcifications through clustering algorithms and artificial neural networks

A new method for detecting microcalcifications in regions of interest (ROIs) extracted from digitized mammograms is proposed. The top-hat transform is a technique based on mathematical morphology operations and, in this paper, is used to perform contrast enhancement of the mi-crocalcifications. To improve microcalcification detection, a novel image sub-segmentation approach based on the possibilistic fuzzy c-means algorithm is used. From the original ROIs, window-based features, such as the mean and standard deviation, were extracted; these features were used as an input vector in a classifier. The classifier is based on an artificial neural network to identify patterns belonging to microcalcifications and healthy tissue. Our results show that the proposed method is a good alternative for automatically detecting microcalcifications, because this stage is an important part of early breast cancer detectio

Allele-Specific HLA Loss and Immune Escape in Lung Cancer Evolution

Immune evasion is a hallmark of cancer. Losing the ability to present neoantigens through human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loss may facilitate immune evasion. However, the polymorphic nature of the locus has precluded accurate HLA copy-number analysis. Here, we present loss of heterozygosity in human leukocyte antigen (LOHHLA), a computational tool to determine HLA allele-specific copy number from sequencing data. Using LOHHLA, we find that HLA LOH occurs in 40% of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and is associated with a high subclonal neoantigen burden, APOBEC-mediated mutagenesis, upregulation of cytolytic activity, and PD-L1 positivity. The focal nature of HLA LOH alterations, their subclonal frequencies, enrichment in metastatic sites, and occurrence as parallel events suggests that HLA LOH is an immune escape mechanism that is subject to strong microenvironmental selection pressures later in tumor evolution. Characterizing HLA LOH with LOHHLA refines neoantigen prediction and may have implications for our understanding of resistance mechanisms and immunotherapeutic approaches targeting neoantigens. Video Abstract [Figure presented] Development of the bioinformatics tool LOHHLA allows precise measurement of allele-specific HLA copy number, improves the accuracy in neoantigen prediction, and uncovers insights into how immune escape contributes to tumor evolution in non-small-cell lung cancer