689 research outputs found
Subband population in a single-wall carbon nanotube diode
We observe current rectification in a molecular diode consisting of a
semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotube and an impurity. One half of the
nanotube has no impurity, and it has a current-voltage (I-V) charcteristic of a
typical semiconducting nanotube. The other half of the nanotube has the
impurity on it, and its I-V characteristic is that of a diode. Current in the
nanotube diode is carried by holes transported through the molecule's
one-dimensional subbands. At 77 Kelvin we observe a step-wise increase in the
current through the diode as a function of gate voltage, showing that we can
control the number of occupied one-dimensional subbands through electrostatic
doping.Comment: to appear in Physical Review Letters. 4 pages & 3 figure
Nieuwsgierigheid in kaart gebracht:Validatiestudie van de Epistemic Curiosity Scale in de Nederlandse onderwijscontext
De doelstelling van het onderzoek is de validering van een vertaald meetinstrument om nieuwsgierigheid van leerlingen en studenten in Nederland in kaart te kunnen brengen. De centrale onderzoeksvraag luidt: In hoeverre geeft de vertaalde, Nederlandstalige versie van de Epistemic Curiosity Scale (Litman, 2008) een betrouwbaar en valide beeld van de mate van nieuwsgierigheid van leerlingen in het voortgezet onderwijs en studenten in het mbo en hbo? De vragenlijst onderscheidt twee componenten van nieuwsgierigheid: gevoelens van deprivatie (D-type nieuwsgierigheid) en gevoelens van interesse (I-type nieuwsgierigheid). De vragenlijst is afgenomen bij 131 leerlingen in het voortgezet onderwijs, 188 mbo-studenten en 282 hbo-studenten. Uit de resultaten komt eenduidig naar voren dat het vertaalde meetinstrument de mate van nieuwsgierigheid van leerlingen en studenten goed in kaart kan brengen. De I-type en D-type schalen zijn betrouwbaar en geven een redelijk valide beeld van de mate van nieuwsgierigheid van leerlingen in het voortgezet onderwijs en studenten in het mbo en hbo. Wel bleek dat de model fit nog verder geoptimaliseerd kan worden door de formulering van enkele items te verbeteren
Finitely generated free Heyting algebras via Birkhoff duality and coalgebra
Algebras axiomatized entirely by rank 1 axioms are algebras for a functor and
thus the free algebras can be obtained by a direct limit process. Dually, the
final coalgebras can be obtained by an inverse limit process. In order to
explore the limits of this method we look at Heyting algebras which have mixed
rank 0-1 axiomatizations. We will see that Heyting algebras are special in that
they are almost rank 1 axiomatized and can be handled by a slight variant of
the rank 1 coalgebraic methods
Andreev-Tunneling, Coulomb Blockade, and Resonant Transport of Non-Local Spin-Entangled Electrons
We propose and analyze a spin-entangler for electrons based on an s-wave
superconductor coupled to two quantum dots each of which is tunnel-coupled to
normal Fermi leads. We show that in the presence of a voltage bias and in the
Coulomb blockade regime two correlated electrons provided by the Andreev
process can coherently tunnel from the superconductor via different dots into
different leads. The spin-singlet coming from the Cooper pair remains preserved
in this process, and the setup provides a source of mobile and nonlocal
spin-entangled electrons. The transport current is calculated and shown to be
dominated by a two-particle Breit-Wigner resonance which allows the injection
of two spin-entangled electrons into different leads at exactly the same
orbital energy, which is a crucial requirement for the detection of spin
entanglement via noise measurements. The coherent tunneling of both electrons
into the same lead is suppressed by the on-site Coulomb repulsion and/or the
superconducting gap, while the tunneling into different leads is suppressed
through the initial separation of the tunneling electrons. In the regime of
interest the particle-hole excitations of the leads are shown to be negligible.
The Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in the current are shown to contain single- and
two-electron periods with amplitudes that both vanish with increasing Coulomb
repulsion albeit differently fast.Comment: 11 double-column pages, 2 figures, REVTeX, minor revision
Modal Logics of Topological Relations
Logical formalisms for reasoning about relations between spatial regions play
a fundamental role in geographical information systems, spatial and constraint
databases, and spatial reasoning in AI. In analogy with Halpern and Shoham's
modal logic of time intervals based on the Allen relations, we introduce a
family of modal logics equipped with eight modal operators that are interpreted
by the Egenhofer-Franzosa (or RCC8) relations between regions in topological
spaces such as the real plane. We investigate the expressive power and
computational complexity of logics obtained in this way. It turns out that our
modal logics have the same expressive power as the two-variable fragment of
first-order logic, but are exponentially less succinct. The complexity ranges
from (undecidable and) recursively enumerable to highly undecidable, where the
recursively enumerable logics are obtained by considering substructures of
structures induced by topological spaces. As our undecidability results also
capture logics based on the real line, they improve upon undecidability results
for interval temporal logics by Halpern and Shoham. We also analyze modal
logics based on the five RCC5 relations, with similar results regarding the
expressive power, but weaker results regarding the complexity
Gravitational ultrarelativistic spin-orbit interaction and the weak equivalence principle
It is shown that the gravitational ultrarelativistic spin-orbit interaction
violates the weak equivalence principle in the traditional sense. This fact is
a direct consequence of the Mathisson-Papapetrou equations in the frame of
reference comoving with a spinning test particle. The widely held assumption
that the deviation of a spinning test body from a geodesic trajectory is caused
by tidal forces is not correctComment: 12 page
Azimuthal Correlations in the Target Fragmentation Region of High Energy Nuclear Collisions
Results on the target mass dependence of proton and pion pseudorapidity
distributions and of their azimuthal correlations in the target rapidity range
are presented. The data have been taken with the
Plastic-Ball detector set-up for 4.9 GeV p + Au collisions at the Berkeley
BEVALAC and for 200 GeV/ p-, O-, and S-induced reactions on
different nuclei at the CERN-SPS. The yield of protons at backward rapidities
is found to be proportional to the target mass. Although protons show a typical
``back-to-back'' correlations, a ``side-by-side'' correlation is observed for
positive pions, which increases both with target mass and with impact parameter
of a collision. The data can consistently be described by assuming strong
rescattering phenomena including pion absorption effects in the entire excited
target nucleus.Comment: 7 pages, figures included, complete postscript available at
ftp://qgp.uni-muenster.de/pub/paper/azi-correlations.ps submitted to Phys.
Lett.
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