Physical chemistry. Fundamentals of thermodynamics. Chemical thermodynamics. Chemical equilibria. Laboratory works and examination questions

The manual is intended for students of Chemical Technology and Engineering and Organic Substances Technology faculties of the universit

История древнего мира. Ч. I. Древний Восток. Методические указания к семинарским занятиям для студентов I курса

Содержатся методические рекомендации по анализу документальных и нарративных письменных источников по древневосточной истории, по усвоению социально-экономических, политических, идеологических, культурных черт государств древнего Востока. Предназначено для студентов I курса специальности «история» очной формы обучения.Приведена основная учебная литература, перечислены вопросы для изучения, дан подробный план рассмотрения данных вопросов, дополнительные указания

Crystal structure and physical and chemical properties of Bi[1–x]Nd[x]Fe[1–x]Co[x]O[3] solid solution

Solid solutions of the (1 – x)BiFeO[3]– [x]NdCoO[3] system were synthesized by a solid-state reactions method. Peculiarities of the influence of isovalent substitution in BiFeO[3]of Bi {3+} , Fe{3+} ions by Nd {3+}, Со{3+} ions on the crystal structure, magnetization and thermal expansion of the forming solid solutions Bi[1-x]Nd[x]Fe[1-x]Co[x O[3] are fixed. It is shown that the substitution up to 2% of Bi{3+}, Fe{3+} ions in BiFeO[3] by Nd{3+}, Со{3+} ions leads only to the partial destruction of the antiferromagnetic ordering of the Fe{3+} ions magnetic moments. According to the results of the magnetic properties investigation it is found that magnetic properties of the samples Bi[1-x]Nd[x]Fe[1-x]Co[x]O[3](0.05 ≤ х ≤ 0.15) are due to the coexistence of the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic phases but the samples Bi[1-x]Nd[x]Fe[1-x]Co[x]O[3](0.80 ≤ х ≤ 1.0) reveal paramagnetic properties

The Role of Chance in Art : Randomness and Accidents in the Creative Process

This thesis aimed to analyse the role of randomness, chance, and accident within the artistic process. In the context of this research this was explored by examining art movements that are conceptually connected to the idea of chance, emphasising the significance of random elements and unplanned results in the artistic practice, and looking at examples of artworks where accident is a valuable tool for broadening artistic viewpoints. The practice-based research consisted of a series of collages where chance methods were used. Their purpose was to explore chance methods, describe their features, and analyse what benefits such techniques can bring not only to the particular piece but also the creative process in general.Målet med denna uppsats var att analysera slumpmässighetens och tillfälligheternas roll i den konstnärliga processen. Inom ramarna för denna forskning undersöktes detta genom att studera konströrelser som är konceptuellt kopplade till idén om sammanträffanden med betoning på vikten av slumpmässiga element och oplanerade resultat i konstutövning, samt att titta på exempel på konstverk där slumpen är ett värdefullt verktyg för att bredda konstnärliga synpunkter. Den praktikbaserade forskningen bestod av en serie collage där slumpmetoder har använts. Deras syfte var att utforska slumpmetoder, beskriva deras funktioner och analysera vilka fördelar sådana tekniker kan innebära, inte bara för det specifika stycket utan också för den konstnärliga processen i allmänhet

Steam reforming on transition-metal carbides from density-functional theory

A screening study of the steam reforming reaction (CH_4 + H_2O -> CO + 3H_2) on early transition-metal carbides (TMC's) is performed by means of density-functional theory calculations. The set of considered surfaces includes the alpha-Mo_2C(100) surfaces, the low-index (111) and (100) surfaces of TiC, VC, and delta-MoC, and the oxygenated alpha-Mo_2C(100) and TMC(111) surfaces. It is found that carbides provide a wide spectrum of reactivities towards the steam reforming reaction, from too reactive via suitable to too inert. The reactivity is discussed in terms of the electronic structure of the clean surfaces. Two surfaces, the delta-MoC(100) and the oxygen passivated alpha-Mo_2C(100) surfaces, are identified as promising steam reforming catalysts. These findings suggest that carbides provide a playground for reactivity tuning, comparable to the one for pure metals.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Image of the Future in Russian Communism: Narratives of the Collective Representations in the 1920s in the USSR

This article discusses the image of the future in Russian communism

Effect of a heat treatment on the precipitation behavior and tensile properties of alloy 690 steam generator tubes

The intergranular carbide precipitation behavior and its effect on the tensile properties were investigated in alloy 690. The precipitation of intergranular carbides, identified as Cr-rich M23C6, was retarded on the low-angle grain boundaries and the coincidence-site lattice boundaries. The M23C6 carbides have a cube-cube orientation relationship with the matrix. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of the solution annealed alloy 690 are 648.2 ± 8.2 MPa, 242.8 ± 10.5 MPa and 44.9 ± 2.3%, respectively. The ultimate tensile strength and the yield strength increased to 764.8 ± 7.8 MPa and 364.8 ± 10.2 MPa until the aging time reached 16 h. This increase is ascribed to the M23C6 carbide acting as reinforcements. However, when the aging time exceed 16 h, these properties gradually decreased with increasing aging time. The decrease in ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation were mainly caused by the intergranular cracking due to the low bond strength between the carbide and the matrix

The First Stalin Mass Operation (1927)

This article based on new archival documents introduces a new episode of mass operations, which took place in June and July of 1927 and was directed against the broad group of “anti-Soviet” forces. It preceded many practices of mass terror of the 1930s with judicial and extra-legal mechanisms. The goal of this article is to explain motivations, justifications, and mechanisms of this repressive campaign and to put this episode in the wider context of Soviet terror. Facing the combination of a perceived danger of war and real internal social hostility expressed in broad defeatism, both threatening the perpetuation of their governmental powers, authorities resorted to repressions. The 1927 episode highlights the factor of a perceived threat of war as a crucial motivating element in Soviet repressive tactics

PERSONAL ORIENTATION OF EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATION OF STUDENTS OF PEDAGOGICAL SPECIALTIES

Abstract.This article is devoted to the development of professional orientation of students of pedagogicalspecialties. Based on the works of I.S. Yakimanskoy, E.V. Bondarevskaya, A.A. Melik-Pashayeva, I.N. Semenova, V.K. Zaretsky and other researchers, the authors clarified the principles of personal orientation of educational activities that contribute to the development of the professional orientation of students of pedagogical specialties at the university. The article also presents the author’s complex of pedagogical conditions ensuring the development of the professional orientation of students of pedagogical specialties in a higher educational institution. The complex includes the following components: identification and formation of value orientations of students of pedagogical specialties; creating in higher education educational environment that promotes self-realization of the individual; accounting of students' subject experience; development of pedagogical abilities of future teachers; development of professional skills of university teachers as the basis for the formation of professional orientation of students of pedagogical specialties. The article also describes the results of experimental work, which confirmed the effectiveness of the developed complex of pedagogical conditions that ensure the development of the professional orientation of students of pedagogical specialties in a higher educational institution on the basis of personal orientation of educational activities.Keywords: professional orientation of students; students of pedagogical specialties, personal orientation ofeducational activities; subject experience; professional mastery of the teacher