232 research outputs found
Working with public libraries to enhance access to quality-assured health information for the lay public: Healthinfo4u: British Library Co-operation and Partnership Programme no.6: final report
This study provides the results of a 22-month project to research whether web technology can be used to provide the lay public with quality-assured, evidence-based journal literature previously only available to health care professionals. The study documents the development of the demonstrator product and the results of its trial and evaluation, using action research methodologies, in selected public libraries and health information points in the UK. The literature review provides the context for the development of the provision of health information for the lay public and considers the issues surrounding the provision of e-journals. The study also provides an assessment of the potential requirements for a viable future web-based resource to provide consumers with the full text of quality-assured health information selected from journals used by health care professionals
Fragmentation characteristics of glycopeptides
Mass spectrometric analysis of glycopeptides is an emerging strategy for analysis of glycosylation patterns. Here we present an approach using energy resolved collision induced decomposition (CID) spectra to determine structural features of glycopeptides. Fragmentation of multiply protonated glycopeptides proceeds by a series of competing charge separation processes by cleavage of a glycosidic bond, each producing two charged products: a singly charged, βBβ type sugar (oxonium) ion, and a complementary high mass fragment. Energy requirements (activation energies) of these processes are similar to each other, and are far less, than that required for peptide fragmentation. At higher collision energies these first generation products fragment further, yielding a complex fragmentation pattern. Analysis of low energy spectra (those corresponding to ca. 50% survival yield) are straightforward; the ions observed correspond to structural features present in the oligosaccharide, and are not complicated by consecutive reactions. This makes it feasible to identify and distinguish antenna- and core-fucosylated isomers; antenna fucosylation usually suggests presence of the Lewis-X antigen. In general, analysis of the triply protonated molecules are most advantageous, where neutral losses and monosaccharide oxonium ion formation are less abundant
Model mass spectrometric study of competitive interactions of antimicrobial bisquaternary ammonium drugs and aspirin with membrane phospholipids
The aim of the study is to reveal molecular mechanisms of possible activity modulation of antimicrobial bis-quaternary ammonium compounds (BQAC) and aspirin (ASP) through noncovalent competitive complexation under their combined introduction into the model systems with membrane phospholipids. Methods. Binary and triple systems containing either decamethoxinum or ethonium, or thionium and aspirin, as well as dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) have been investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Results. Basing on the analysis of associates recorded in the mass spectra, the types of nonocovalent complexes formed in the systems studied were determined and the supposed role of the complexation in the BQAC and ASP activity modulation was discussed. The formation of associates of BQAC dications with ASP anion is considered as one of the possible ways of deactivation of ionic forms of the medications. The formation of stable complexes of BQAC with DPPC and ASP with DPPC in binary systems as well as the complexes distribution in triple-components systems BQAC:ASP:DPPC point to the existence of competition between drugs of these two types for the binding to DPPC. Conclusions. The results obtained point to the competitive complexation in the model molecular systems containing the BQAC, aspirin and membrane phospholipids. The observed phenomenon testifies to the possibility of modulating the activity of bisquaternary antimicrobial agents and aspirin under their combined usage, due to the competition between the drugs for binding to the target membrane phospholipid molecules and also due to the formation of stable noncovalent complexes between BQAC and ASP.ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΡΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ (ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘) ΡΠ° Π°ΡΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ (ΠΠ‘Π) Π²Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΄ ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΡΠ² Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΠ²ΠΎ- Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½, Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π±ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΠΠ‘Π Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΡΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ (ΠΠΠ€Π₯), Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Ρ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ Π· ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΌ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ², Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΌΠ°Ρ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Ρ
, Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ², ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡ
Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ Ρ ΠΠ‘Π. Π£ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ Π· Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ‘Π Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π· ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΡΠ² Π΄Π΅Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ². Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ Π· ΠΠΠ€Π₯ ΡΠ° ΠΠ‘Π Π· ΠΠΠ€Π₯ Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ» ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘:ΠΠ‘Π:ΠΠΠ€Π₯ Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΡΠ² Π·Π° Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π· ΠΠΠ€Π₯. ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘, ΠΠ‘Π Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ
Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ² Ρ Π°ΡΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π²Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π° Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π²Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² ΠΌΡΠΆ ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ Ρ ΠΠ‘Π.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ (ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘) ΠΈ Π°ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° (ΠΠ‘Π) ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ²ΡΡ
- ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½, ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΠ‘Π, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠΈΠ»ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ (ΠΠΠ€Π₯) ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΅ΠΌ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Ρ
, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ ΠΈ ΠΠ‘Π. Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ‘Π ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ Ρ ΠΠΠ€Π₯ ΠΈ ΠΠ‘Π Ρ ΠΠΠ€Π₯ Π² Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘:ΠΠ‘Π:ΠΠΠ€Π₯ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π·Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΠΠ€Π₯. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘, ΠΠ‘Π ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ ΠΈ ΠΠ‘Π
The Suppressor of AAC2 Lethality SAL1 Modulates Sensitivity of Heterologously Expressed Artemia ADP/ATP Carrier to Bongkrekate in Yeast
The ADP/ATP carrier protein (AAC) expressed in Artemia franciscana is refractory to bongkrekate. We generated two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae where AAC1 and AAC3 were inactivated and the AAC2 isoform was replaced with Artemia AAC containing a hemagglutinin tag (ArAAC-HA). In one of the strains the suppressor of ΞAAC2 lethality, SAL1, was also inactivated but a plasmid coding for yeast AAC2 was included, because the ArAACΞsal1Ξ strain was lethal. In both strains ArAAC-HA was expressed and correctly localized to the mitochondria. Peptide sequencing of ArAAC expressed in Artemia and that expressed in the modified yeasts revealed identical amino acid sequences. The isolated mitochondria from both modified strains developed 85% of the membrane potential attained by mitochondria of control strains, and addition of ADP yielded bongkrekate-sensitive depolarizations implying acquired sensitivity of ArAAC-mediated adenine nucleotide exchange to this poison, independent from SAL1. However, growth of ArAAC-expressing yeasts in glycerol-containing media was arrested by bongkrekate only in the presence of SAL1. We conclude that the mitochondrial environment of yeasts relying on respiratory growth conferred sensitivity of ArAAC to bongkrekate in a SAL1-dependent manner. Β© 2013 Wysocka-Kapcinska et al
A Novel Structural Assessment Technique to Prevent Damaged FRP-Wrapped Concrete Bridge Piers from Collapse
Repairing deteriorated concrete bridge piers using externally wrapped fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been proven as an effective approach. This technique has also been applied to low-rise building structures. Failures in FRP-wrapped concrete structures may occur by flexural failures of critical sections or by debonding of FRP plate from the concrete substrate. Debonding in the FRP/adhesive/concrete interface region may cause a significant decrease in member capacity leading to a premature failure of the system. In this chapter, a novel structural assessment technique aiming at inspecting the near-surface FRP debonding and concrete cracking of damaged FRP-wrapped concrete bridge piers to prevent the structures from collapse is presented. In the first part of this chapter, failure mechanisms of FRP-wrapped concrete systems are briefly discussed. The second part of this chapter introduces a novel structural assessment technique in which far-field airborne radar is applied. In this development, emphasis is placed on inspection of debonding in glass FRP (GFRP)-wrapped concrete cylinders, while the technique is also applicable to beams and slabs with bonded GFRP composites. Physical radar measurements on laboratory specimens with structural damages were conducted and used for validating the technique. Processed experimental measurements have shown promising results for the future application of the technique. Finally, research findings and issues are summarized.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant CMS-0324607)Lincoln Laborator
Soft Ionization of Thermally Evaporated Hypergolic Ionic Liquid Aerosols
Isolated ion pairs of a conventional ionic liquid, 1-Ethyl-3-Methyl-Imidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Emim+][Tf2N?]), and a reactive hypergolic ionic liquid, 1-Butyl-3-Methyl-Imidazolium Dicyanamide ([Bmim+][Dca?]), are generated by vaporizing ionic liquid submicron aerosol particles for the first time; the vaporized species are investigated by dissociative ionization with tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light, exhibiting clear intact cations, Emim+ and Bmim+, presumably originating from intact ion pairs. Mass spectra of ion pair vapor from an effusive source of the hypergolic ionic liquid show substantial reactive decomposition due to the internal energy of the molecules emanating from the source. Photoionization efficiency curves in the near threshold ionization region of isolated ion pairs of [Emim+][Tf2N?]ionic liquid vapor are compared for an aerosol source and an effusive source, revealing changes in the appearance energy due to the amount of internal energy in the ion pairs. The aerosol source has a shift to higher threshold energy (~;;0.3 eV), attributed to reduced internal energy of the isolated ion pairs. The method of ionic liquid submicron aerosol particle vaporization, for reactive ionic liquids such as hypergolic species, is a convenient, thermally ?cooler? source of isolated intact ion pairs in the gas phase compared to effusive sources
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