Intestinal malrotations: a review and report of thirty cases

Intestinal malrotation is a developmental anomaly affecting the position and peritoneal attachments of the small and large bowels during organogenesis in foetal life. It has been defined as absent or incomplete rotation and fixation of the embryonic gut around the superior mesenteric artery. In the present paper, we review the definition, history, embryology/aetiology, epidemiology, symptoms and signs, diagnosis and treatment of intestinal malformations. Moreover, we report the records of 30 cases of malrotation admitted to our department over a period of five years. The final intraoperative diagnosis of the cases presented was 53.3% pure malrotation, 33.3% malrotation with mid-gut volvulus, 6.7% malrotation with duodenal atresia, 3.3% malrotation with Meckel’s diverticulum and duodenal atresia, and 3.3% malrotation and biliary atresia. Preoperative imaging studies were performed for 27 cases and surgical management was successfully conducted without any mortality among the cases studied. This article provides an overview of basic and clinical aspects of intestinal malrotation. In addition, the signs and symptoms, imaging findings, and final intraoperative diagnoses presented by the subjects reported on are of potential use and clinical interest

Analgesic Effects of the Aqueous Lemon Verbena Extract in Rats

Lemon verbena (vervain, LV) is used in traditional folk medicine as a remedy against asthma, spasms, cold, fever, pain of different genesis, insomnia, etc., but its effects have not been examined experimentally. We studied effects of an aqueous extract of leafs of this plant on the parameters of nociception-related tests, tail-flick, and writhing ones. The first aqueous extract of LV leafs was prepared and dried. Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven experimental groups, which received i.p. injections of saline (control), LV extract (10, 100, 500, and 1000 mg of dry substance per 1 kg of the body mass), morphine, and 1000 mg/kg of the LV extract + naloxone. Injections of 500 and 1000 mg/kg of the extract significantly increased the tail-flick latency, as compared to that in the control group (P < 0.001). The number of writhings per one hour decreased after injections of the extract (100-1000 mg/kg). The maximum analgesic effects of the extract were comparable with those of morphine (10 mg/kg). Naloxone completely abolished the effect of the LV extract in the tail-flick test and partly suppressed such action in the writhing test. Thus, our experiments demonstrated noticeable anti-nociceptive effects of the aqueous LV extract; possibilities for application of this extract or its derivatives in pain management should be examined.Лимонна вербена (ЛВ) використовується в традиційній народній медицині як засіб проти астми, спазмів, застуди, лихоманки, болю різного походження, безсоння і т. п., проте її ефекти не досліджувались експериментально. Ми вивчали дію водного екстракту листя цієї рослини на параметри тестів, пов’язаних із ноцицепцією, – тесту відсмикування хвоста та тесту «кислотних корчів». Готували перший водний екстракт із листя ЛВ та дегітратували його. Досліди були проведені на семи експериментальних групах щурів лінії Вістар; тварини цих груп отримували внутрішньоочеревинні ін’єкції фізіологічного розчину (контроль), ЛВ-екстракту в чотирьох дозах (10, 100, 500 та 1000 мг сухої речовини на 1 кг маси тіла), морфіну та екстракту ЛВ (1000 мг/кг) із попередньою ін’єкцією налоксону. Ін’єкції екстракту в дозах 500 та 1000 мг/кг призводили до істотного збільшення латентного періоду реакції відсмикування хвоста порівняно з аналогічним показником у контролі (P < 0.001). Кількість «корчів» у відповідному тесті протягом 1 год істотно зменшувалася після ін’єкцій екстракту в дозах від 100 до 1000 мг/кг. Максимальні аналгетичні ефекти були близькими до таких після ін’єкцій морфіну (10 мг/кг). Налоксон повністю усував ефекти екстракту ЛВ у тесті відсмикування хвоста, але лише частково пригнічував відповідну дію в тесті «корчів». Отже, результати наших експериментів показали, що водний екстракт листя ЛВ має відчутну антиноцицептивну дію; можливості застосування цього екстракту або його похідних у контролі болю мають бути досліджені в подальшому

Comparison of the Push-Out Bond Strength of 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th Generation Bonding Agents to Intracanal Dentin of Primary Anterior Teeth

Background and Objective: Due to the importance of primary anterior teeth in chewing, pronunciation of words, self-confidence, facial appearance of children, efforts to preserve these teeth continue. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the push-out bond strength of 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th generation bonding agents to intracanal dentin of primary anterior teeth which are reconstructed with the composite posts. Methods: The present experimental in vitro study was conducted on 60 extracted primary anterior teeth with at least two-thirds of the root length remaining. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups: 5th generation (3M Adper single bond 2 Adhesive-USA), 6th generation (clearfil SE bond, Japan), 7th generation (kerr-optibond all in one Adhesive-Italy), and 8th generation total-etch and 8th generation self-etch (GC-G permio bond-Japan) bonding agents. After root canal preparation, prepared canals were filled with Metapex. The coronal 3mm of the canals was etched and impregnated with the dentin bonding agents. Then, they were restored with composite. The push-out test was performed to evaluate the bond strength of adhesives. Accordingly, by a light microscope the failure modes were determined. Findings: The mean bond strength of 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th generation (self-etch, total-etch) bonding agents was 4.36±2.15, 3.88±1.55, 4.29±2.02, 12.84±3.62, and 7.77±3.81 MPa, respectively. The push-out bond strength of the 8th generation bonding agent using both self-etch (p=0.000) and total-etch techniques was higher than the 5th, 6th, and 7th generation bonding agents (p=0.032, 0.01, 0.027, respectively). No significant difference was found between the bond strength of the 5th, 6th, and 7th generation bonding agents. Conclusion: The push-out bond strength of the 8th generation bonding system was higher than the other groups. Therefore, the 8th generation bonding agents can be used to bond composite posts to intracanal dentin of primary anterior teeth. Also, self-etch (8th generation) has higher bond strength compared to the total-etch technique

Fabrication of Pd NPs on pectin-modified Fe3O4 NPs: A magnetically retrievable nanocatalyst for efficient C-C and C-N cross coupling reactions and an investigation of its cardiovascular protective effects

The present report represents the synthesis of a novel Pd NPs immobilized over a natural polysaccharide (pectin) coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposite material (Fe3O4@pectin/Pd) for investigating the cardiovascular protective effects. The biomolecular functionalization not only stabilizes the ferrite nanoparticles from agglomeration but also provides an environment for the biogenic reduction of Pd2+ ions. This protocol is a promising breakthrough for the synthesis of a quasi-heterogeneous catalyst, a bridge between heterogeneous and homogeneous medium. The structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of the material were characterized utilizing various analytical techniques like FT-IR FE-SEM, TEM, VSM, EDX-elemental mapping, ICP, EDX and XPS. The catalyst showed excellent reactivity in C-C and C-N cross coupling reactions via Suzuki and Buchwald-Hartwig reactions respectively. An array of different biphenyls and aryl amines were then procured by reactions of various aryl halides with phenyl boronic acid or secondary amines over the catalyst affording good to excellent yields. The catalyst was easily recoverable using an external magnet and thereafter recycled for several trials with insignificant palladium leaching or loss in catalytic performance. To investigate the cardiovascular protective activities of catalyst, the MTT assay was done on Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAEC), Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells (HCAEC), and Human Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells (HPAEC) cell lines. Nanocatalyst-treated cell cutlers significantly (p <= 0.01) decreased the caspase-3 activity, and DNA fragmentation. It raised the cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential in the high concentration of Mitoxantrone-treated HAEC, HCAEC, and HPAEC cells. According to the above findings, nanocatalyst can be administrated as a cardiovascular protective drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases after approving in the clinical trial studies in humans. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V

Palladium nanoparticles supported on fluorine-doped tin oxide as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki coupling and 4-nitrophenol reduction

Immobilization of palladium nanoparticles onto the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) as support Pd/FTO, resulted in a highly active heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions and 4-nitrophenol reduction. The Pd/FTO catalyst has been synthesized by immobilization of palladium nanoparticles onto FTO via a simple impregnation method. ICP-MS analysis confirmed that there is 0.11 mmol/g of palladium was loaded successfully on FTO support. The crystallinity, morphologies, compositions and surface properties of Pd/FTO were fully characterized by various techniques. It was further examined for its catalytic activity and robustness in Suzuki coupling reaction with different aryl halides and solvents. The yields obtained from Suzuki coupling reactions were basically over 80%. The prepared catalyst was also tested on mild reaction such as reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP). Pd/FTO catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity towards 4-NP reduction with a rate constant of 1.776 min(-1) and turnover frequency (TOF) value of 29.1 hr(-1). The findings revealed that Pd/FTO also maintained its high stability for five consecutive runs in Suzuki reactions and 4-NP reductions. The catalyst showed excellent catalytic activities by using a small amount of Pd/FTO for the Suzuki coupling reaction and 4-NP reduction

Dynamical complexity of short and noisy time series: Compression-Complexity vs. Shannon entropy

Shannon entropy has been extensively used for characteriz- ing complexity of time series arising from chaotic dynamical systems and stochastic processes such as Markov chains. However, for short and noisy time series, Shannon entropy performs poorly. Complexity measures which are based on lossless compression algorithms are a good substitute in such scenarios. We evaluate the performance of two such Compression-Complexity Measures namely Lempel-Ziv complexity(LZ)andEffort-To-Compress( ETC)onshorttimeseriesfrom chaoticdynamicalsystemsinthepresenceofnoise.Both LZ and ETC outperform Shannon entropy (H) in accurately characterizing the dynamical complexity of such systems. For very short binary sequences (which arise in neuroscience applications), ETC has higher number of distinct complexity values than LZ and H, thus enabling a finer resolution. For two-state ergodic Markov chains, we empirically show that ETC converges to a steady state value faster than LZ. Compression-Complexity measures are promising for applications which involve short and noisy time series

A facile and efficient method for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives using 2-(sulfooxy)ethylsulfamic acid as a novel difunctional bronsted acid, recyclable and organocatalyst

A novel, mild, eco-friendly and efficient method has been developed for the preparation of quinoxaline derivatives in high yields via a one-pot condensation of aromatic diamine and 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds in the presence of 2-(sulfooxy)ethylsulfamic acid (SESA). Moreover, sulfamic acid has been employed as a solid acid catalyst. Recycling of the catalyst is one of the most significant advantages of the proposed method

Modeling and analyzing stem-cell therapy toward cancer : evolutionary game theory perspective

Background: Immunotherapy is a recently developed method of cancer therapy, aiming to strengthen a patient’s immune system in different ways to fight cancer. One of these ways is to add stem cells into the patient’s body. Methods: The study was conducted in Kermanshah, western Iran, 2016-2017. We first modeled the interaction between cancerous and healthy cells using the concept of evolutionary game theory. System dynamics were analyzed employing replicator equations and control theory notions. We categorized the system into separate cases based on the value of the parameters. For cases in which the system converged to undesired equilibrium points, “stem-cell injection” was employed as a therapeutic suggestion. The effect of stem cells on the model was considered by reforming the replicator equations as well as adding some new parameters to the system. Results: By adjusting stem cell-related parameters, the system converged to desired equilibrium points, i.e., points with no or a scanty level of cancerous cells. In addition to the theoretical analysis, our simulation results suggested solutions were effective in eliminating cancerous cells. Conclusion: This model could be applicable to different types of cancer, so we did not restrict it to a specific type of cancer. In fact, we were seeking a flexible mathematical framework that could cover different types of cancer by adjusting the system parameters

Modified magnetic nanoparticles by PEG-400-immobilized Ag nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PEG&ndash;Ag) as a core/shell nanocomposite and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity

Kamiar Zomorodian,1,2 Hamed Veisi,3 Seyed Mahmoud Mousavi,4 Mahmoud Sadeghi Ataabadi,5 Somayeh Yazdanpanah,1,2 Jafar Bagheri,1 Ali Parvizi Mehr,1 Saba Hemmati,3 Hojat Veisi3 1Department of Medical Mycology, Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; 2Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; 3Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran; 4Department of Medical Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; 5Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Background: Noble metal nanoparticles, due to their good physicochemical properties, have been exploited in biological applications. Among these metals, nanosilver has attracted great attention because of its optical properties and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities with no drug tolerance. Purpose: The present study has attempted to conduct chemical synthesis of Fe3O4@PEG-Ag core/shell nanocomposites in aqueous solutions through co-precipitation of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions, encapsulating the iron oxide core by poly (ethylene-glycol) (PEG) improve its hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, and immobilizing silver ions by application of NaBH4 as a reducing agent. Patients and methods: The synthesized structures were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum, wavelength-dispersive X-ray, vibrating sample magnetometer, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy methods. Antimicrobial activity of the nanostructures against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans was evaluated by broth microdilution based on the methods suggested by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. Furthermore, the nanocomposite was tested for possible anti-parasitic effects against Leishmania major promastigotes by MTT assay. Also, its impacts on bacterial cell morphology were defined using atomic force microscopy. Moreover, toxicity of the nanostructure related to animal cell line was determined based on MTT assay. Results: In general, the synthesized core/shell nanostructure can demonstrate noticeable activity against the evaluated representative microorganisms while its toxicity against animal cell line is not considerable. Conclusion: This nanostructure can be applied as a smart drug delivery system with the help of an external magnetic field or it can be used as a powerful antibiotic agent along with other antibiotics that can form a shell on its structure. Keywords: Poly-ethylene-glycol, nanocomposite, AgNPs, antimicrobial propertie