La amonedación canónica del emirato omeya andalusí antes de Abd-al-Rahman II, según el hallazgo de dirhams de Villiciosa (Córdoba)

The Archaeological Museum of Cordoba preserves three large sets of Islamic medieval coins which were minted in al-Andalus before AH 202/AD 817 and which are probably part of a huge hoard found in Villaviciosa (Cordoba) and known of since the third decade of the 20th century. Such a large set of coins, most of them in a particularly good state, provides strong archaeological evidence to sustain that the Umayyad Emirate of al-Andalus undertook the issuing of coins as a legal resource for the market purposes and the politics of taxes. This happened from the times of �Abd al- Raman I, i.e. from the very beginnings of the Emirate, in spite of what has been claimed both in medieval and contemporary historiography.Tres amplios conjuntos de monedas acunadas en al-Andalus antes de 202 H./817 J.C. que se conservan en el Museo Arqueologico de Cordoba forman probablemente parte del gran hallazgo de moneda emiral que se produjo en el municipio cordobes de Villaviciosa y que era conocido desde la tercera decada del siglo XX. El abundante conjunto museistico de monedas, en excelente estado de conservacion, nos proporciona una base arqueologica fehaciente para mantener que el emirato omeya andalusi se comprometio en la tarea de emitir monedas en tanto que recurso legal destinado a los fines del mercado y de la politica fiscal. Esto ocurrio desde los tiempos de �eAbd al-Ram.n I, esto es, desde la constitucion del emirato, a pesar de lo que se ha afirmado en la historiografia contemporanea, a partir de fuentes escritas medievales

Some stability properties for the Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás property for Lipschitz maps

The authors would like to thank A. Aviles, L. C. Garcia-Lirola, V. Kadets, P. Koszmider, and A. Rueda Zoca for kindly answering some inquiries about the contents of the paper. They also thank G. Choi, Y. S. Choi, and M. Jung for some comments. Finally, they thank the anonymous referee for the careful checking of the manuscript and multiple suggestions which have improved the final form of the paper. This research has been partially supported by Spanish AEI Project PGC2018-093794-B-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) and by Junta de Andalucia/FEDER, UE project FQM-185.We study the stability behavior of the Bishop-Phelps-Bollobas property for Lipschitz maps (Lip-BPB property). This property is a Lipschitz version of the classical Bishop-Phelps-Bollobas property and deals with the possibility of approximating a Lipschitz map that almost attains its (Lipschitz) norm at a pair of distinct points by a Lipschitz map attaining its norm at a pair of distinct points (relatively) very close to the previous one. We first study the stability of this property under the (metric) sum of the domain spaces. Next, we study when it is possible to pass the Lip-BPB property from scalar functions to some vector-valued maps, getting some positive results related to the notions of Gamma-flat operators and ACK structure. We get sharper results for the case of Lipschitz compact maps. The behavior of the property with respect to absolute sums of the target space is also studied. We also get results similar to the above for the density of strongly norm attaining Lipschitz maps and of Lipschitz compact maps.Spanish AEI Project PGC2018-093794-B-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033Junta de Andalucia/FEDER , UE project FQM-18

Del hallazgo de dirhames emirales en Domingo Pérez (Iznalloz, Granada)

A medium-size hoard of dirhams struck by the Andalusi Umayyad Emirate and found in Iznalloz (Granada, Spain) is described. Some details of the description could help to put some light on certain obscurities, such as cAbd al-Rahmān II's role in the history of Andalusi numismatics and the unsolved problem of the exact reference of the term al-Andalus as a mint.La descripción detallada de un hallazgo considerable de dirhames y fragmentos de dirhames realizado en las proximidades de Iznalloz (Granada) nos lleva a pleitear una serie de cuestiones acerca de la trascendencia del reinado de cAbd al-Raḥmān n en la historia numismática de al-Ándalus, sobre todo, lo relativo a la posible existencia de más de una ceca emisora

Un dirham a nombre del Ḥammūdí Idrīs al-'Azīz bi-[A]llāh (luego llamado al-Muta 'ayyid bi-[A]llāh

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Derecho y Religión en las monedas del Occidente Islámico. Presentación

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La amonedación canónica del emirato omeya andalusí antes de ‘Abd-al-Raḥmān II, según el hallazgo de dírhams de Villaviciosa (Córdoba)

The Archaeological Museum of Cordoba preserves three large sets of Islamic medievalcoins which were minted in al-Andalus before AH 202/AD 817 and which are probably part of ahuge hoard found in Villaviciosa (Cordoba) and known of since the third decade of the 20th century.Such a large set of coins, most of them in a particularly good state, provides strong archaeologicalevidence to sustain that the Umayyad Emirate of al-Andalus undertook the issuing of coins as a legalresource for the market purposes and the politics of taxes. This happened from the times of ‘Abd al-Raḥmān I, i.e. from the very beginnings of the Emirate, in spite of what has been claimed both in medieval and contemporary historiography.Tres amplios conjuntos de monedas acuñadas en al-Andalus antes de 202 H./817 J.C. quese conservan en el Museo Arqueológico de Córdoba forman probablemente parte del gran hallazgode moneda emiral que se produjo en el municipio cordobés de Villaviciosa y que era conocido desdela tercera década del siglo XX. El abundante conjunto museístico de monedas, en excelente estadode conservación, nos proporciona una base arqueológica fehaciente para mantener que el emiratoomeya andalusí se comprometió en la tarea de emitir monedas en tanto que recurso legal destinado alos fines del mercado y de la política fiscal. Esto ocurrió desde los tiempos de ‘Abd al-Raḥmān I,esto es, desde la constitución del emirato, a pesar de lo que se ha afirmado en la historiografíacontemporánea, a partir de fuentes escritas medievales

El ideal de claridad o los dos fines del adab según Ibn al-Sīd

According to the Andalusi scholar Ibn al-Sīd al- Baṭalyawsī (d. 521/1127) adab is to be understood as a set of theoretical and practical knowledges connected with language, text and literature. This set of knowledges provides with tools for two different goals. While the major one is the understanding of the Holy Scripts, the minor one has to do with the skills of scribes. The needs of both interpreting technics and writing models justify the development of linguistics, philology, hermeneutics and poetics in pre-modem Islamic societies. Ibn al-Sīd´s ideas are analysed within the framework of the Qur'ānic concept of eloquence (bayān), and confronted with the actual textual uses of his society, as reflected by numismatic inscriptions.Ibn al-Sīd al-Baṭalyawsī (muerto en 521/1127), el destacado sabio andalusí, nos ofrece, en el terreno de los fundamentos, un marco adecuado a partir del cual integrar los estudios filológicos (lingüísticos y literarios) en las sociedades islámicas medievales. Según él, el adab tiene dos fines: el superior consiste en el servicio a la hermenéutica sacra, y el inferior, en la elaboración de una preceptiva textual para los secretarios de estado. En el presente estudio analizamos las ideas de al-Baṭalyawsī a partir de la noción coránica de claridad (bayān), y comprobamos cómo aquellos principios tuvieron vigencia en la sociedad en que vivió, el Andalus almorávide, gracias al testimonio que ofrecen las inscripciones numismáticas

The Qur’ānic Symbol of Fish on Ḥammūdid Coins: al-Ḥaḏir and the Holy Geography of the Straits of Gibraltar

Some coins struck by the first Hamm–did Caliph of Malaga bear images of fish. The connection between such symbols and Islamic ideas on spiritual leadership are shown. The icon of fish is explained because of the relevance of the Straits of Gibraltar in the holy Islamic map. On the other hand it may be considered as an allusion to a certain mysterious Servant of God, as well as a reminder of the Sh√‘√ conception of imamate.Algunas de las monedas acuñadas por el primer califa hammudí de Málaga llevan grabadas figuras de peces, cuya presencia puede explicarse a partir de las ideas islámicas sobre la autoridad espiritual. El símbolo del pez, como alusión a la figura de cierto misterioso Siervo de Dios y maestro espiritual, implica la ubicación del Estrecho de Gibraltar en el mapa sagrado del islam, al tiempo que recuerda las ideas chiíes sobre el imamato

Allāh ḥasbī, lema coránico (IX: 129) en una moneda meriní hallada en Granada

The description of a Marinid fractional dinar found in the Nasrid khan of Granada (Spain) now called ‘Corral del Carbón’ is followed by an analysis of the epigraphic Qur’anic (9:129) slogan displayed on one of its two sides. We discuss three hypotheses about the function of such a slogan, that might have been: 1) an expression of individual religiosity, or 2) a propiciatory sentence, or 3) a theocratic statement. We conclude that the slogan was part of the discourse of legitimacy developed by Islamic dinasties, and propose a similar approach in the analysis of other religious numismatic legends.La descripción de cierta moneda meriní hallada en el llamado Corral del Carbón, antigua alhóndiga de Granada nos lleva al análisis de una de sus leyendas, cierto lema de origen coránico (IX: 129), para cuya interpretación consideramos tres hipótesis, según las cuales la leyenda sería: 1) expresión de la religiosidad individual, 2) una frase con valor propiciatorio o 3) una afirmación teocrática. Y concluimos que se trata de un lema legitimador, al tiempo que proponemos una visión similar para el estudio de otras leyendas numismáticas religiosas