Unemployment and Inflation Persistence in Spain: Are There Phillips Trade-Offs?

This paper studies the dynamic behavior of inflation and unemployment in Spain during the period 1964?1997. In particular, we analyze the implications of high persistence in both unemployment and inflation dynamics for inference regarding the size of Phillips trade-offs and sacrifice ratios in the Spanish economy, in response to a demand shock. To do so we use a Stuctural VAR approach with several identification outlines which give rise to alternative interpretations of the joint unemployment-inflation dynamics. When using a bivariate VAR we cannot reject the existence of a permanent output loss of one-half of one percentage point for each percentage point of permanent disinflation. However, when the VAR is augmented with a third variable, in order to disentangle monetary from non-monetary shocks within the demand class, the evidence favours a lower and marginally permanent trade-off with an output loss of about one-fourth of one percentage point.Publicad

Waveform Transition Graphs: a designer-friendly formalism for asynchronous behaviours

The paper proposes a new formal model for describing asynchronous behaviours involving the interplay of causality, concurrency and choice. The model is called Waveform Transition Graphs. Its main aim is simplifying the learning process for industrial engineers in accessing powerful synthesis tools provided for Signal Transition Graphs by sacrificing some of the expressive power of the latter. This formalism is developed based on feedback from engineers of Dialog Semiconductor.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Study of resonant modes in a 700 nm pitch macroporous silicon photonic crystal

In this study the modes produced by a defect inserted in a macroporous silicon (MP) photonic crystal (PC) have been studied theoretical and experimentally. In particular, the transmitted and reflected spectra have been analyzed for variations in the defect’s length and width. The performed simulations show that the resonant frequency is more easily adjusted for the fabricated samples by length tuning rather than width. The optimum resonance peak results when centered in the PC bandgap. The changes in the defect geometry result in small variations of the optical response of the PC. The resonance frequency is most sensitive to length variations, while the mode linewidth shows greater change with the defect width variation. Several MPS photonic crystals were fabricated by the electrochemical etching (EE) process with optical response in the range of 5.8 µm to 6.5 µm. Results of the characterization are in good agreement with simulations. Further samples were fabricated consisting of ordered modulated pores with a pitch of 700 nm. This allowed to reduce the vertical periodicity and therefore to have the optical response in the range of 4.4 µm to 4.8 µm. To our knowledge, modes working in this range of wavelengths have not been previously reported in 3-d MPS structures. Experimental results match with simulations, showing a linear relationship between the defect’s length and working frequency inside the bandgap. We demonstrate the possibility of tailoring the resonance peak in both ranges of wavelengths, where the principal absorption lines of different gases in the mid infrared are placed. This makes these structures very promising for their application to compact gas sensors.Postprint (author's final draft

Acercamiento a la geometría esférica a través de la resolución de problemas, una experiencia con comunidades de práctica

En este trabajo encontraran una experiencia en el aula que trabajó sobre geometrías no euclidianas, esta busca la reivindicación de estas geometrías desde el caso específico de la geometría esférica, una experiencia realizada mediante la metodología de resolución de problemas en el espacio de la cátedra de seminario de problemas, obteniendo como resultados un acercamiento a las geometrías no euclidianas propiedades y teoremas que se aplican en ellas como los invariantes topológicos encontrados en varias “comunidades de práctica”

Kinetic wealth-exchange model of economic growth

En esta tesis se propone un modelo cinético de intercambio de riqueza con crecimiento económico (KWEMEG) en el que se explora el efecto del ahorro de la producción, los im- puestos con beneficio tributario y la aversión al intercambio, sobre las distribuciones de riqueza y de dinero. Este modelo se obtiene a partir de una extensión al formalismo mi- croeconómico del modelo de Chakraborti y Chakrabarti (CCM), donde las preferencias de consumo se describen mediante funciones de utilidad tipo Cobb-Douglas. Al maximizar es- tas funciones, sujetas a ciertas restricciones sobre el consumo, se obtienen reglas generales de interacción entre agentes económicos, caracterizadas por la emergencia de un régimen conservativo, donde la riqueza total se mantiene constante en el tiempo y las interacciones entre agentes se reducen a meros intercambios monetarios; y un régimen no conservativo, en el cual la riqueza crece exponencialmente, induciendo un efecto de crecimiento económi- co a tasa constante. Como casos particulares del KWEMEG se presentan por separado en esta tesis tres nuevos modelos en el contexto de la econofı́sica, que extienden el CCM. Su dinámica macroscópica se estudia analı́ticamente en todos los casos, utilizando la ecuación cinética de Boltzmann; y numéricamente por medio de simulaciones de Monte Carlo. Esto permite ajustar las distribuciones emergentes a densidades de probabilidad tipo gamma, y establecer relaciones analı́ticas para sus parámetros, ası́ como para el ı́ndice de Gini, con el cual se estudia el nivel de desigualdad en las distribuciones. Adicionalemente, en el régimen no conservativo es posible estudiar distribuciones auto-semejantes utilizando una aproxima- ción de campo medio, que abre la puerta a la discusión sobre la posible existencia de colas de Pareto. Como un resultado general, al agregar en el modelo un efecto relacionado con el ingreso por salario, se obtiene como una propiedad emergente la Segunda ley fundamental del capitalismo, de Piketty. Las ideas propuestas en este trabajo atan algunos de los problemas de la economı́a moderna con el discurso tradicional de los modelos cinéticos de intercambio y proponen un puente que conecta de forma efectiva la microfundamentación basada en la maximización de la función de utilidad y los modelos no conservativos. Ambos resultados son novedosos en el contexto de la econofı́sica.This thesis proposes a Kinetic wealth-exchange model of economic growth (KWEMEG) which explores the effects of saving of production, tax benefits with redistribution, and exchange aversion, over the wealth and the money distributions. The model is achieved extending the microeconomic formalism of the Chakraborti and Chakrabarti model (CCM), based on the Cobb-Douglas utility functions describing the preferences for consumption. The maximization of this functions, subjected to certain constraints over consumption leads to general rules of interaction between economic agents that induces the emergence of a conservative regime, where the total wealth of the system remains constant in time, and the interactions between agents are reduced to mere monetary exchanges; and a non-conservative regime, where the wealth and income increase exponentially, inducing an effect of economic growth with a constant rate. The particular cases of the KWEMEG set three new models in the context of econophysics that extend the CCM. All the cases are presented separately in the thesis, and their macroscopic dynamics are studied using the Boltzmann kinetic equation and Monte Carlo simulations, which allows to fit the emergent distributions to the gamma probability density function and to establish analytical relations for its parameters and the evolution of the economic inequality in terms of the Gini index. In addition, it is possible to study a mean field approach for self-similar distributions that allows to discuss the possibility of Pareto tails in the non-conservative regime. As a general result, the model leads to Piketty’s second fundamental law of capitalism as an emergent property, by adding an effect of income due to salary. The ideas developed in this work tie some of the problems of modern economics with the traditional speech of kinetic exchange models of markets, and propose an effective bridge between the microfoundation based on the maximization of the utility function and the non-conservative models. Both results are new in the context of econophysics.Maestrí

Control del mantenimiento de la vegetación en el sistema de distribución eléctrico

Con el paso de las generaciones, el desarrollo de las sociedades conformadas por el hombre, trae consigo un conjunto de bienes y servicios que influyen en la calidad de vida de las personas. El acceso a servicios domiciliarios de energía, agua, alcantarillado, telefonía, gas natural entre otros, lleva como consecuencia una compleja red subterránea y aérea, para su mantenimiento y distribución que debe adaptarse en buena forma a las zonas urbanas. Existen factores externos que contribuyen a un estilo de vida confortable y a su vez ayudan al desarrollo permanente de la sociedad, como contar con un buen servicio de iluminación pública y zonas verdes dentro de la ciudad que ayudan a armonizar el paisaje urbano. La presencia de espacios verdes, es importante por el impacto ecológico, porque brinda beneficios tales como mitigación del ruido, la reducción de la contaminación en el medio ambiente, regulación de la temperatura, disminución de la velocidad del viento, evita la seca de los ríos, brinda sombra creando un espacio agradable, otorga vivienda y alimento a la avifauna urbana, entre otras [21]. Las zonas verdes son parte vital e importante en espacios públicos para generar un ambiente cálido y ameno, aliviando la congestión que se vive diariamente. Por este motivo la Organización Mundial para la Salud aconseja un mínimo de 12 metros cuadrados de zona verde por habitante

Direct Hydroxylation of Phenol to Dihydroxybenzenes by H2O2 and Fe-based Metal-Organic Framework Catalyst at Room Temperature

A semi-crystalline iron-based metal-organic framework (MOF), in particular Fe-BTC, that contained 20 wt.% Fe, was sustainably synthesized at room temperature and extensively characterized. Fe-BTC nanopowders could be used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of dihydroxybenzenes (DHBZ), from phenol with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as oxidant under organic solvent-free conditions. The influence of the reaction temperature, H2O2 concentration and catalyst dose were studied in the hydroxylation performance of phenol and MOF stability. Fe-BTC was active and stable (with negligible Fe leaching) at room conditions. By using intermittent dosing of H2O2, the catalytic performance resulted in a high DHBZ selectivity (65%) and yield (35%), higher than those obtained for other Fe-based MOFs that typically require reaction temperatures above 70◦C. The long-term experiments in a fixed-bed flow reactor demonstrated good Fe-BTC durability at the above conditionsThe authors thank the financial support by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) for the grant number 764635 and the project 256296; and to TNM for the supporting project 5627.19.P. Also, to the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN) and FEDER program (EU) through the projects: CTM2016-76454-R (MICINN) and RTI2018-095052-B-I00 ((MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE