Investigación de la dependencia del movimiento Jangal en el partido de la Alianza Islam

The aim of this study is to evaluate the Islam Alliance Party (IAP) and the influence it had on Islam Alliance Party of Gilan as known as Jangal Movement (JM). This study uses an analytical approach and reliable references. This is conceptual research with an analytical-descriptive approach which focuses on the literature as relevant evidence. Thus, a conceptual discussion about the influence of IAP on JM and an analytical and targeted review of related research is presented. Historical background of IAP in the Islamic world and the history of JM. According to the related literature, many researchers believe that there isn’t any strong relationship between IAP and JM; although they were established under the same title and many Mirza Kuchik Khan’s beliefs about decolonization and independence were aligned with Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī. In this study, we tried to delineate the relationship, considering reliable sources.El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el Partido de la Alianza Islam (IAP) y la influencia que tuvo en el Partido de la Alianza Islam de Gilan, conocido como Movimiento Jangal (JM). Este estudio utiliza un enfoque analítico y referencias confiables. Esta es una investigación conceptual con un enfoque analítico-descriptivo que se enfoca en la literatura como evidencia relevante. Por lo tanto, se presenta una discusión conceptual sobre la influencia de IAP en JM y una revisión analítica y dirigida de investigaciones relacionadas. Antecedentes históricos de IAP en el mundo islámico y la historia de JM. Según la literatura relacionada, parece que muchos investigadores creen que no existe una relación sólida entre IAP y JM; aunque se establecieron con el mismo título y muchas de las creencias de Mirza Kuchik Khan sobre la descolonización y la independencia se alinearon con Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī. En este estudio, intentamos delinear la relación, considerando fuentes confiables

Human Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation Toward Regional Specific Neural Precursors

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are self-renewing pluripotent cells that have the capacity to differentiate into a wide variety of cell types. This potentiality represents a promising source to overcome many human diseases by providing an unlimited supply of all cell types, including cells with neural characteristics. Therefore, this review summarizes early neural development and the potential of hESCs to differentiate under in vitro conditions, examining at the same time the potential use of differentiated hESCs for therapeutic applications for neural tissue and cell regeneration

Investigation of Jangal Movement Dependence on Islam Alliance Party

The aim of this study is to evaluate the Islam Alliance Party (IAP) and the influence it had on Islam Alliance Party of Gilan as known as Jangal Movement (JM). This study uses an analytical approach and reliable references. This is conceptual research with an analytical-descriptive approach which focuses on the literature as relevant evidence. Thus, a conceptual discussion about the influence of IAP on JM and an analytical and targeted review of related research is presented. Historical background of IAP in the Islamic world and the history of JM. According to the related literature, many researchers believe that there isn't any strong relationship between IAP and JM; although they were established under the same title and many Mirza Kuchik Khan's beliefs about decolonization and independence were aligned with Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī. In this study, we tried to delineate the relationship, considering reliable sources

Intravenous Methylprednisolone, a Possible Cause of the Atrial Fibrillation: Atrial fibrillation by methylprednisolon

We are presenting a case illustrating atrial fibrillation (AF) following the use of methylprednisolone in a patient with pelvic and femur fracture. A48- year- old man with no significant past medical history, was admitted to the emergency department after injury in a car accident. He suffered a multiple bone fracture with chief complaints of pain and shortness of breath. He was transferred to the ICU. To preventfat embolism syndrome, he was treated with methylprednisolone 500 mg every 6 h. About 4 h after the second dose, his normal sinus rhythm changed to a sinus tachycardia and then to AF. The methylprednisolone therapy was discontinued. After about 8 h of methylprednisolone discontinuation, the patient's normal sinus rhythm returned. Corticosteroids have been utilized for prevention and treatment of fat embolism syndrome, although there is uncertainty about their effectiveness. Cardiac dysrhythmias have been reported following the use of methylprednisolone. One possible mechanism of methylprednisolone induced AF is the direct effect on cell membrane, resulting in potassium efflux, which in turn, may initiate cardiac dysrhythmias. Previous methylprednisolone-associated AF case reports suggest a higher chance of AF occurrence with higher dose of methylprednisolone. Corticosteroids should be used with caution, especially when high doses are indicated and in patients with high risk for arrhythmias

Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Two Doses of Aminophylline/Theophylline Administered as Multiple Intermittent Infusions to Iranian Apneic Premature Neonates: Pharmacokinetic of multiple intermittent infusions aminophylline/theophylline

Many premature neonates suffer from apnea, and aminophylline is administrated for them. The objective of this study was to reveal pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of theophylline in Iranian premature neonates. Premature neonates (68) who were admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Namazi, Hafez, and Zeinabieh Hospitals were included in the study. All of them received 5 mg/kg aminophylline. One group received 1 mg/kg/8 h and the other group received 2 mg/kg/8 h as maintenance dose. One blood sample was taken in steady-state on just before eleventh dose. Theophylline level was determined with immunoassay kit. There was a significant difference in average serum concentration (Cave ss ) between two dosing levels (7.69±2.92 µg/ml vs. 11.44±3.80 µg/ml). Furthermore, the total clearance and volume of distribution were significantly different in two groups. No significant correlation could be found between the gender and Cave ss in different dosing levels. Postnatal age and postconceptional age have significant relationship with Cave ss just in the second group. According to theophylline serum concentrations, these two dosages produce therapeutically safe and effective blood levels. Pharmacokinetic parameters in these patients–in two dosing groups–approximately are correlated with other reported and recommended amounts

Multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from intensive-care-unit patient samples

We examined epidemiological aspects and bacterial resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from intensive care unit (ICU) patient samples. During a 10 month period (from June 2006 to March 2007), 812 samples of blood, urine and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) from 553 hospitalized patients, in ICU wards, including pediatric surgical, neonatal, adult surgical I, adult surgical II, general pediatrics, neurosurgical I, neurosurgical II, and internal medical, were collected. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics for bacteria isolates was determined by the E-test method. The internal medicine ICU with 28.7% admissions gave the largest contribution. Coagulase negative staphylococci at frequencies of 66.7 % and 36.5 % and E. coli at 20.9% were the bacteria most frequently isolated from the blood, CSF and urine samples, respectively. Samples taken from patients 20-40 years old were the most frequent (32.2%), while the group of patients over sixty years contributed least (18.5%). Both Gram-positive and - negative isolates expressed resistance to most of the penicillins and cephalosporins tested. Combined therapy with vancomycin and meropenem or imipenem gave the most effective treatment against Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates based on empirical therapy. High frequencies of multiresistant bacteria in ICUs warn us to administer a few effective antibiotics in our hospitals more wisely in order to reduce selective pressure on sensitive strains. This could help save the life of ICU patients and prevent of spread of resistant isolates in these critical wards. Due to continuous changes in antibacterial susceptibility patterns, periodical antibacterial sensitivity assessment in ICUs should be mandatory