Study of antioxidant, antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing properties of wild mushrooms from the Northeast of Portugal

Mushrooms are known as a powerful source of bioactive compounds including antioxidants, inhibitors of human tumour cell lines growth, inducers of apoptosis and enhancers of immunity. Indeed, many pre-clinical studies have been conducted in human tumour cell lines and in some cases a number of compounds isolated from mushrooms have followed to clinical trials. The Northeast of Portugal is one of the European regions with higher wild mushrooms diversity. However, to our knowledge, no studies had been conducted so far to verify their bioactivities. The main aim of this work was the evaluation of the bioactive properties (antioxidant properties and growth inhibitory potential on human tumour cell lines) of wild edible mushrooms collected in the Northeast of Portugal. Once properly identified, methanolic, ethanolic and boiling water extracts were prepared from thirty eight wild mushroom species collected in that region. Chemical characterization was obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a photodiode array detector (DAD) or to a refraction index detector (RI). Antioxidant activity assays were carried out in those extracts, including evaluation of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging capacity, reducing power and inhibition of β-carotene bleaching. Extract-induced cell growth inhibition was assessed with the sulforhodamine B assay in four human tumour cell lines (NCI-H460 - lung cancer, MCF-7 -breast cancer, HCT-15 -colon cancer and AGS - gastric cancer). The effects on cell cycle profile and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry and the effect on the expression levels of proteins related to cell cycle and apoptosis was further investigated by Western blotting. Three wild edible mushroom species revealed growth inhibitory activity in the studied human tumour cell lines: Clitocybe alexandri ethanolic extract, Lepista inversa methanolic extract and Suillus collinitus methanolic extract. C. alexandri ethanolic extract induced an S-phase cell cycle arrest and increased the percentage of apoptotic cells, in the NCI-H460 cell line. The analysed mushroom species also provided interesting antioxidant potential, mainly the boiling water extract of L. inversa which showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and β-carotene bleaching inhibition. S. collinitus methanolic extract induced a slight increase in the number of cells in G1, with a concomitant decrease in the percentage of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle and an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells, in the MCF-7 cell line. The combined use of the S. collinitus methanolic extract and etoposide caused a greater decrease in the percentage of cell growth, when compared to either of them used individually, indicating the potential benefit of this combination. The tested extracts were chemically characterized and protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric and cinnamic acids were the main compounds identified on the phenolic (methanolic and ethanolic) extracts, while mannitol, trehalose and arabinose were the main sugars found in the polysaccharidic (boiling water) extracts after hydrolysis. The individual compounds identified in the extracts were submitted to a screening of tumour cells growth inhibitory activity, but only the phenolic acids and a related compound, cinnamic acid, presented activity. This compound was found to be the most potent one regarding cell growth inhibition in the NCI-H460 cell line. The effect of the individual and combined treatment with the identified compounds was also evaluated. Cinnamic and protochatequic acids caused a statistically significantly reduction in the number of viable cells. In addition, p-hydroxybenzoic acid did not show any significantly reduction in the viable cell number. Nevertheless, it was verified that the concomitant use of the three compounds provided the strongest decrease in the viable cell number, suggesting a possible concomitant effect of those compounds. Overall, the present work has contributed to further understand the bioactive potential of wild edible mushrooms from the Northeast of Portugal. This study allowed to identify some species with antioxidant or tumour cell growth inhibitory potential

Efeito de planos alimentares e de treino nos perfis glicémico e lipídico em idosos diabéticos tipo 2: revisão sistemática

A diabetes tipo 2 é uma patologia crónica com grande impacto a nível mundial particularmente na população idosa. Estima-se que o número de diabéticos tipo 2 aumente consideravelmente nas próximas décadas devido ao envelhecimento da população, obesidade, alimentação inadequada e inatividade física ou sedentarismo. A promoção de uma alimentação saudável e a prática de atividade física têm demonstrado ser fundamental no controlo e manutenção da glicémia e perfil lipídico. Objetivos: Verificar o impacto da implementação de programas dietéticos e/ou atividade física nos valores de glicémia e perfil lipídico em idosos diabéticos tipo 2. Métodos: Revisão sistemática da literatura publicada no período 2010-2016 na base de dados PubMed/Medline. Pretende-se responder à questão de investigação: “Qual o impacto da implementação de programas dietéticos e de atividade física nos valores de glicémia e perfil lipídico em idosos diabéticos?”. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão foram selecionados 30 artigos de um total de 230825. Resultados: Nos 30 artigos selecionados são evidentes as modificações positivas que a implementação de programas dietéticos/atividade física baseados numa maior ingestão de produtos hortícolas, e alimentos com baixo índice glicémico, ácidos gordos insaturados (ómega 3 e 6), vitamina D, probióticos, restrição calórica bem como a prática de exercícios aeróbios, resistência e flexibilidade supervisionados têm no controlo da glicemia e perfil lipídico em idosos diabéticos tipo 2. Conclusões: A implementação de programas que visem uma alimentação saudável, equilibrada e a prática regular de atividade física de acordo com informações cientificamente válidas são pilares fundamentais no tratamento desta patologia

Efeito de planos alimentares e de treino nos perfis glicémico e lipidico em idosos diabéticos tipo 2: revisão sistemática

A diabetes tipo 2 é uma patologia crónica com grande impacto a nível mundial particularmente na população idosa. Estima-se que o número de diabéticos tipo 2 aumente consideravelmente nas próximas décadas devido ao envelhecimento da população, obesidade, alimentação inadequada e inatividade física. A promoção de uma alimentação saudável e a prática de atividade física têm demonstrado ser fundamentais no controlo e manutenção da glicémia e perfil lipídico. Objetivos: Verificar o impacto da implementação de programas dietéticos e/ou atividade física nos valores de glicémia e perfil lipídico em idosos diabéticos tipo 2. Métodos: Revisão sistemática da literatura publicada no período 2010-2016 na base de dados PubMed/Medline. Pretende-se responder à questão de investigação: “Qual o impacto da implementação de programas dietéticos e de atividade física nos valores de glicémia e perfil lipídico em idosos diabéticos?” Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão foram selecionados 30 artigos de um total de 230825. Resultados: Nos 30 artigos selecionados são evidentes as modificações positivas que a implementação de programas dietéticos/atividade física baseados numa maior ingestão de produtos hortícolas, alimentos com baixo índice glicémico, ácidos gordos insaturados, vitamina D, probióticos, restrição calórica bem como a prática de exercícios aeróbios, resistência e flexibilidade supervisionados têm no controlo da glicémia e perfil lipídico em idosos diabéticos tipo 2. Conclusões: A implementação de programas que visem uma alimentação saudável, equilibrada e a prática regular de atividade física de acordo com informações cientificamente válidas são pilares fundamentais no tratamento desta patologia.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Compounds from wild mushrooms with antitumor potential

For thousands of years medicine and natural products have been closely linked through the use of traditional medicines and natural poisons. Mushrooms have an established history of use in traditional oriental medicine, where most medicinal mushroom preparations are regarded as a tonic, that is, they have beneficial health effects without known negative side-effects and can be moderately used on a regular basis without harm. Mushrooms comprise a vast and yet largely untapped source of powerful new pharmaceutical products. In particular, and most importantly for modern medicine, they represent an unlimited source of compounds which are modulators of tumour cell growth. Furthermore, they may have potential as functional foods and sources of novel molecules. We will review the compounds with antitumor potential identified so far in mushrooms, including low-molecular-weight (LMW, e.g. quinones, cerebrosides, isoflavones, catechols, amines, triacylglycerols, sesquiterpenes, steroids, organic germanium and selenium) and high-molecular-weight compounds (HMW, e.g. homo and heteroglucans, glycans, glycoproteins, glycopeptides, proteoglycans, proteins and RNA-protein complexes)

Association between bilirubin and lipid profile in Portuguese elderly individuals

Several studies showed that mildly elevated bilirubin blood concentration is inversely associated to coronary artery disease (CAD). The most commonly mechanism contributing to CAD prevention is the bilirubin antioxidant effect, protecting several macromolecules from oxidation. Recently, other studies have found that higher serum bilirubin levels (BL) are associated with beneficial effects improving lipid profile and that might contribute to decrease cholesterol and triacylglycerol. In the meantime, a consistently negative association between BL and body mass index (BMI) was observed. The aim of this study was evaluate the cardiovascular risk protection by bilirubin analyzing the association between bilirubin levels and lipid profile in elderly. Clinical data, anthropometric measurements (BMI, Visceral Fat and Body Fat Percentage), lipid profile (total cholesterol-TC; triglycerides-TG; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-HDL-c; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-LDL-c; apoliprotein A-Apo-A; apoliprotein B-Apo-B) were evaluated in 70 institutionalized elderly, 43 females (mean age= 88.2±5.5 years old) and 27 males (mean age= 87.7±7.7 years old). Anthropometric measurements were obtained by bioimpedance, using specific scale (Tanita BC Model: 545). The lipid parameters were performed in autoanalyzer (Cobas Mira S, Roche, Switzerland) using available commercial kits. Correlation analysis revealed positive associations between BL and the HDL-c in males (total bilirubin: r=0.51; p<0.007) and no association in females (r=0.40; p<0.50). Positive associations were also found to TB levels and Apo-A (males: r=0.40; p<0.50 and females: r=0.270; p<0.013). Interestingly, the conjugated bilirubin present a stronger positive association with this two parameters (male: r=0.64; p<0.000; female: r=0.29; p<0.052). No associations were found between bilirubin and triglycerides; total cholesterol and anthropometric measurements. Low levels of HDL-c are a risk factor for coronary heart disease. A similar association has been shown for Apo-A1. These results suggest higher bilirubin is associated with higher cardioprotective agents, which indicates that the determination of total bilirubin should be included for more accurate cardiovascular disease risk assessment.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Programa de dietas e impacto de la actividad física sobre marcadores bioquímicos en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2: una revisión sistemática

Objectives Evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of independently or combined dietary and physical activity programs on the blood glucose values and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes, including participants aged 60 years and over. Design Systematic review. Data source PubMed/Medline database, with language restrictions. Papers published between 2010 and 2016 were included. Study selection A total of 30 randomised controlled trials were included that focused on physical activity and dietary interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and include participants aged 60 years and over. Results The selected articles have shown that the implementation of physical activity programs (aerobic, resistance, flexibility and combined exercises), and programs based on a higher intake of vegetables, grains, legumes, fruits, unsaturated fatty acids, as well as consumption of foods with low glycaemic index, calorie restriction, intake of probiotics, vitamin D supplementation and educational sessions about diabetes improves blood glucose levels, as well as the lipid profile, in patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusions Physical activity and dietary programs are fundamental in the treatment and metabolic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Atividade física e impacto em marcadores bioquímicos em diabéticos: revisão sistemática da literatura

A diabetes mellitus é uma patologia crónica com grande expansão a nível mundial. Estima-se que o número de portadores de diabetes aumente rapidamente nas próximas décadas devido ao envelhecimento da população. Como tal, é fulcral consciencializar as pessoas para a adoção de estilos de vida mais ativos. A implementação de programas de intervenção com ênfase na promoção da atividade física tem demostrado ser um ponto importante no tratamento desta patologia permitindo um melhor controlo glicémico e perfil lipídico. Objetivos: Verificar qual a efetividade da implementação de um programa de atividade física nos valores de glicémia e perfil lipídico em portadores de diabetes mellitus. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática da literatura publicada nos anos 2010-2015 através da metodologia PICO na base de dados PubMed/Medline. Pretende-se responder à questão de investigação: “Qual a efetividade da implementação de um programa de atividade física nos valores de glicémia e perfil lipídico em indivíduos idosos portadores de diabetes mellitus?” Resultados: Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão foram selecionados 13 artigos de um total de 6600. Os artigos selecionados demostram que a implementação de programas de atividade física baseados em exercícios aeróbios, resistência, flexibilidade e combinados supervisionados, melhoram significativamente os níveis de glicémia e perfil lipídico. Conclusão: A implementação de programas de atividade física de acordo com informações cientificamente válidas, são pilares fundamentais no tratamento da diabetes mellitus, devendo ser fomentada a sua implementação.

Systematic review of the effects of coffee or its components on platelets and their regulators

Coffee includes some potentially bioactive components that can interfere with platelets, which can influence coagulation, despite generating controversy. The aim of this systematic review is to verify whether coffee or its components can influence platelet regulators and/or aggregation. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted on July 29, 2021, in PubMed, Scopus, andWeb of Science, using the followingmesh-terms: (caffeine)) OR (coffee)) AND (platelets). Eligibility criteria were: studies carried out in humans, referring to the effects of coffee consumption, or one of its components, on platelets or their regulators. We exclude in vitro or animal studies, reviews, editorials, and non-English written studies. From a total of 836 publications, 17 articles were included from which we extracted the relationship between coffee consumption and changes in blood platelets and performed a subjective assessment of bias. Results: Ten articles refer to the non-interference of coffee or its components with platelets, nine affirm results that support the increase in platelet aggregation, and eight articles observe the decrease in platelet aggregation when coffee is consumed. Some articles presented the lack of data regarding the sample collection location, age group, or classification as to the type of study, which is limiting. Conclusions: The heterogeneity of results makes it difficult to correctly interpret the possible interaction of coffee or its components with platelets or their regulators. For better interpretation, further studies on this topic should be carried out considering the individualization of coffee components, different platelet regulators, and the size of the sample used.The Centro de Investigac¸a˜o de Montanha (CIMO) received financial support from Fundac¸a˜o para Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) and from Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER), under PT2020 program (UIDB/00690/2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dietary compounds that modify bilirubin levels

Bilirubin (BL) is a bile pigment that arises from the catabolism of hemeproteins and it is an important biochemical marker for diagnosis and monitoring of hepatic and hematologic diseases. The high concentration of this metabolite in plasma may be associated with disturbances in production, metabolism and/or excretion. Several in vivo in vitro studies have established the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumoral bilirubin capacity. The main objective was to verify that the effects of certain drugs and nutritional compounds on the metabolism of bilirubin, as well as studying the effects of radical substances in the UGT1A1 gene in addition have also studied the effect of various enzymes on serum bilirubin. The methodology was a detailed search online database, such as Pubmed, NCBI, ScienceDirect and books, a five-month period. Several studies refer four botanical groups as associated to changes in bilirubin concentrations Cruciferae (e.g., broccoli), Rutaceae (citrus), Liliaceae (e.g., onions), and Leguminosae (legumes). In a hyperbilirubinemic condition, the best approach would include the increasing UGT1A1 expression and this can be achieved with foods from the botanical families Cruciferae, Rutaceae, Liliaceae, and Leguminosae. Regulation of UGTs by phytochemicals has been investigated with a focus on cancer prevention numerous inhibitors from plant origin. The strategy to rise SBL, inhibiting UGT1A1 activity appears unreasonable. Several studies show that low serum bilirubin concentrations are associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases, whereas slightly elevated serum bilirubin levels seems to provide protection. The enzymes HO-1 and BLV will also have an important role in the development of therapeutic strategies based on dietary compounds however for these two enzymes there was considerable less information about their inducers and inhibitors. It is proven that the ingestion of certain foods affects the metabolism of bilirubin and the expression of UGT1A1 gene. Thus, it is justified the need for further studies to demonstrate the potential of food to control the maintenance of bilirubin in order to identify possible functional foods.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

In vitro growth inhibitory activity of the Portuguese wild mushroom Clitocybe alexandri in human tumour cell lines

QC 20190812</p