European lipodystrophy registry: background and structure

Abstract: Background: Lipodystrophy syndromes comprise a group of extremely rare and heterogeneous diseases characterized by a selective loss of adipose tissue in the absence of nutritional deprivation or catabolic state. Because of the rarity of each lipodystrophy subform, research in this area is difficult and international co-operation mandatory. Therefore, in 2016, the European Consortium of Lipodystrophies (ECLip) decided to create a registry for patients with lipodystrophy. Results: The registry was build using the information technology Open Source Registry System for Rare Diseases in the EU (OSSE), an open-source software and toolbox. Lipodystrophy specific data forms were developed based on current knowledge of typical signs and symptoms of lipodystrophy. The platform complies with the new General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 by ensuring patient pseudonymization, informational separation of powers, secure data storage and security of communication, user authentication, person specific access to data, and recording of access granted to any data. Inclusion criteria are all patients with any form of lipodystrophy (with the exception of HIV-associated lipodystrophy). So far 246 patients from nine centres (Amsterdam, Bologna, Izmir, Leipzig, Münster, Moscow, Pisa, Santiago de Compostela, Ulm) have been recruited. With the help from the six centres on the brink of recruitment (Cambridge, Lille, Nicosia, Paris, Porto, Rome) this number is expected to double within the next one or 2 years. Conclusions: A European registry for all patients with lipodystrophy will provide a platform for improved research in the area of lipodystrophy. All physicians from Europe and neighbouring countries caring for patients with lipodystrophy are invited to participate in the ECLip Registry. Study registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03553420). Registered 14 March 2018, retrospectively registered

European lipodystrophy registry: background and structure

Abstract: Background: Lipodystrophy syndromes comprise a group of extremely rare and heterogeneous diseases characterized by a selective loss of adipose tissue in the absence of nutritional deprivation or catabolic state. Because of the rarity of each lipodystrophy subform, research in this area is difficult and international co-operation mandatory. Therefore, in 2016, the European Consortium of Lipodystrophies (ECLip) decided to create a registry for patients with lipodystrophy. Results: The registry was build using the information technology Open Source Registry System for Rare Diseases in the EU (OSSE), an open-source software and toolbox. Lipodystrophy specific data forms were developed based on current knowledge of typical signs and symptoms of lipodystrophy. The platform complies with the new General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 by ensuring patient pseudonymization, informational separation of powers, secure data storage and security of communication, user authentication, person specific access to data, and recording of access granted to any data. Inclusion criteria are all patients with any form of lipodystrophy (with the exception of HIV-associated lipodystrophy). So far 246 patients from nine centres (Amsterdam, Bologna, Izmir, Leipzig, Münster, Moscow, Pisa, Santiago de Compostela, Ulm) have been recruited. With the help from the six centres on the brink of recruitment (Cambridge, Lille, Nicosia, Paris, Porto, Rome) this number is expected to double within the next one or 2 years. Conclusions: A European registry for all patients with lipodystrophy will provide a platform for improved research in the area of lipodystrophy. All physicians from Europe and neighbouring countries caring for patients with lipodystrophy are invited to participate in the ECLip Registry. Study registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03553420). Registered 14 March 2018, retrospectively registered

Imidazole propionate is increased in diabetes and associated with dietary patterns and altered microbial ecology

Microbiota-host-diet interactions contribute to the development of metabolic diseases. Imidazole propionate is a novel microbially produced metabolite from histidine, which impairs glucose metabolism. Here, we show that subjects with prediabetes and diabetes in the MetaCardis cohort from three European countries have elevated serum imidazole propionate levels. Furthermore, imidazole propionate levels were increased in subjects with low bacterial gene richness and Bacteroides 2 enterotype, which have previously been associated with obesity. The Bacteroides 2 enterotype was also associated with increased abundance of the genes involved in imidazole propionate biosynthesis from dietary histidine. Since patients and controls did not differ in their histidine dietary intake, the elevated levels of imidazole propionate in type 2 diabetes likely reflects altered microbial metabolism of histidine, rather than histidine intake per se. Thus the microbiota may contribute to type 2 diabetes by generating imidazole propionate that can modulate host inflammation and metabolism

Predictors of hospital discharge and mortality in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: updated results from the nationwide CORONADO study

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: This is an update of the results from the previous report of the CORONADO (Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and Diabetes Outcomes) study, which aims to describe the outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with diabetes hospitalised for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: The CORONADO initiative is a French nationwide multicentre study of patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19 with a 28-day follow-up. The patients were screened after hospital admission from 10 March to 10 April 2020. We mainly focused on hospital discharge and death within 28 days. RESULTS: We included 2796 participants: 63.7% men, mean age 69.7 ± 13.2 years, median BMI (25th-75th percentile) 28.4 (25.0-32.4) kg/m(2). Microvascular and macrovascular diabetic complications were found in 44.2% and 38.6% of participants, respectively. Within 28 days, 1404 (50.2%; 95% CI 48.3%, 52.1%) were discharged from hospital with a median duration of hospital stay of 9 (5-14) days, while 577 participants died (20.6%; 95% CI 19.2%, 22.2%). In multivariable models, younger age, routine metformin therapy and longer symptom duration on admission were positively associated with discharge. History of microvascular complications, anticoagulant routine therapy, dyspnoea on admission, and higher aspartate aminotransferase, white cell count and C-reactive protein levels were associated with a reduced chance of discharge. Factors associated with death within 28 days mirrored those associated with discharge, and also included routine treatment by insulin and statin as deleterious factors. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19, we established prognostic factors for hospital discharge and death that could help clinicians in this pandemic period. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04324736

Traitement par leptine recombinante dans les syndromes lipodystrophiques génétiques : effets sur le métabolisme glucido-lipidique

Lipodystrophic syndromes are very rare diseases characterized by selective loss of varying amounts of adipose tissue. They constitute a heterogeneous group of adipose tissue diseases, by multiple etiologies, the amount of loss of adipose tissue (generalized or partial), congenital or acquired character, integration in complex or non-complex systemic pathologies. On the physiopathological level, the limitation of the capacities of expansion of adipose tissue in these syndromes leads to metabolic disorders dominated by major insulin resistance with especially diabetes and severe hypertriglyceridemia.Leptin, a hormone secreted by adipose tissue, is deficient in these syndromes. It has pleiotropic effects and its therapeutic use in these syndromes allows an improvement of insulin resistance and of glucose and lipid parameters. In order to better characterize the metabolic improvement mechanisms, we treated the first French cohort of diabetic lipodystrophic patients with recombinant leptin and we were able to demonstrate an improvement of insulin secretion by the reference measures calculated during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps and hyperglycaemic clamps. We also showed a decrease in the serum concentration of PSCK9 under treatment, which could contribute to the improvement of lipid parameters. We also studied patients treated with glucocorticoids and with glucocorticoinduced lipodystrophy and we were able to show that the concentration of leptin prior to treatment is predictive of the occurrence of lipodystrophies. Thus leptin appears to play a key role in the pathophysiology of different types of lipodystrophies.Les syndromes lipodystrophiques sont des maladies rares caractérisées par une perte sélective et en quantité variable de tissu adipeux (TA). Ils constituent un groupe hétérogène de pathologies du TA, de par des étiologies multiples, la quantité de perte du tissu adipeux (généralisée ou partielle), le caractère congénital ou acquis, l'intégration dans des pathologies systémiques complexes ou non. Sur le plan physiopathologique, la limitation des capacités d'expansion du TA dans ces syndromes conduit aux troubles métaboliques dominés par l'insulinorésistance majeure avec notamment diabète et hypertriglycéridémie. La leptine, hormone aux effets pléiotropes sécrétée par le tissu adipeux, est déficiente dans ces syndromes. Son utilisation thérapeutique dans les syndromes lipodystrophiques permet une amélioration de l'insulinorésistance et des paramètres glucido-lipidiques. Afin de mieux caractériser les mécanismes d'amélioration de ces paramètres, nous avons traité la première cohorte française de patients diabétiques atteints de lipodystrophies génétique par leptine recombinante. Nous avons montré une amélioration de l'insulinosécrétion par des mesures de référence ainsi qu'une diminution des concentrations sériques de l'enzyme PSCK9 sous traitement, qui pourraient contribuer à l'amélioration des paramètres lipidiques. Nous avons également étudié des patients traités par glucocorticoïdes et développant une lipodystrophie glucocorticoinduite et nous avons montré que la concentration de leptine avant traitement est prédictive du risque de survenue de ces lipodystrophies. Ainsi la leptine semble jouer un rôle clé dans la physiopathologie de différents syndromes lipodystrophique

Recombinant leptin therapy in genetic lipodystrophic syndromes : effects on glucose and lipid metabolism

Les syndromes lipodystrophiques sont des maladies rares caractérisées par une perte sélective et en quantité variable de tissu adipeux (TA). Ils constituent un groupe hétérogène de pathologies du TA, de par des étiologies multiples, la quantité de perte du tissu adipeux (généralisée ou partielle), le caractère congénital ou acquis, l'intégration dans des pathologies systémiques complexes ou non. Sur le plan physiopathologique, la limitation des capacités d'expansion du TA dans ces syndromes conduit aux troubles métaboliques dominés par l'insulinorésistance majeure avec notamment diabète et hypertriglycéridémie. La leptine, hormone aux effets pléiotropes sécrétée par le tissu adipeux, est déficiente dans ces syndromes. Son utilisation thérapeutique dans les syndromes lipodystrophiques permet une amélioration de l'insulinorésistance et des paramètres glucido-lipidiques. Afin de mieux caractériser les mécanismes d'amélioration de ces paramètres, nous avons traité la première cohorte française de patients diabétiques atteints de lipodystrophies génétique par leptine recombinante. Nous avons montré une amélioration de l'insulinosécrétion par des mesures de référence ainsi qu'une diminution des concentrations sériques de l'enzyme PSCK9 sous traitement, qui pourraient contribuer à l'amélioration des paramètres lipidiques. Nous avons également étudié des patients traités par glucocorticoïdes et développant une lipodystrophie glucocorticoinduite et nous avons montré que la concentration de leptine avant traitement est prédictive du risque de survenue de ces lipodystrophies. Ainsi la leptine semble jouer un rôle clé dans la physiopathologie de différents syndromes lipodystrophique.Lipodystrophic syndromes are very rare diseases characterized by selective loss of varying amounts of adipose tissue. They constitute a heterogeneous group of adipose tissue diseases, by multiple etiologies, the amount of loss of adipose tissue (generalized or partial), congenital or acquired character, integration in complex or non-complex systemic pathologies. On the physiopathological level, the limitation of the capacities of expansion of adipose tissue in these syndromes leads to metabolic disorders dominated by major insulin resistance with especially diabetes and severe hypertriglyceridemia.Leptin, a hormone secreted by adipose tissue, is deficient in these syndromes. It has pleiotropic effects and its therapeutic use in these syndromes allows an improvement of insulin resistance and of glucose and lipid parameters. In order to better characterize the metabolic improvement mechanisms, we treated the first French cohort of diabetic lipodystrophic patients with recombinant leptin and we were able to demonstrate an improvement of insulin secretion by the reference measures calculated during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps and hyperglycaemic clamps. We also showed a decrease in the serum concentration of PSCK9 under treatment, which could contribute to the improvement of lipid parameters. We also studied patients treated with glucocorticoids and with glucocorticoinduced lipodystrophy and we were able to show that the concentration of leptin prior to treatment is predictive of the occurrence of lipodystrophies. Thus leptin appears to play a key role in the pathophysiology of different types of lipodystrophies

Therapeutic use of recombinant methionyl human leptin.

International audienceRecombinant methionyl human leptin (r-metHuLeptin) was first used as a replacement therapy in patients bearing inactivating mutations in the leptin gene. In this indication, it was shown since 1999 to be very efficient in inducing a dramatic weight loss in rare children and adults with severe obesity due to the lack of leptin. These first clinical trials clearly showed that r-metHuLeptin acted centrally to reduce food intake, inducing loss of fat mass, and to correct metabolic alterations, immune and neuroendocrine defects. A few years later, r-metHuLeptin was also shown to reverse the metabolic complications associated with lipodystrophic syndromes, due to primary defects in fat storage, which induce leptin deficiency. The beneficial effects, which could be mediated by central and/or peripheral mechanisms, are thought to mainly involve the lowering effects of leptin on ectopic lipid storage, in particular in liver and muscles, reducing insulin resistance. Interestingly, r-metHuLeptin therapy also reversed the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis dysfunctions associated with hypothalamic amenorrhea. However, if r-metHuLeptin treatment has been shown to be dramatically efficient in leptin-deficient states, its very limited effect in inducing weight loss in common obese patients revealed that, in patients with adequate leptin secretion, mechanisms of leptin resistance and leptin tolerance prevent r-metHuLeptin from inducing any additional effects. This review will present the current data about the effects of r-metHuLeptin therapy in humans, and discuss the recent perspectives of this therapy in new indications