Proceedings of a workshop, held in Constanta, Romania on 22 May 2014, on Oral Health of Children in the Central and Eastern European Countries in the context of the current economic crisis

This report presents the proceedings of a workshop held in Constanta, Romania on 22 May 2014. During the workshop, representatives from 18 Central and Eastern European countries gave oral presentations on the current oral health of children and young adults aged 16 years and younger. The aim of the workshop was to collect and present data relating to the oral health of children from Central and Eastern European countries and to discuss them in the context of the political changes that have taken place over the last two decades and the recent economic crisis. The presenters had previously completed a series of questions on oral epidemiological studies, prevention of oral disease, treatment and payment, dental personnel, uptake of oral health care and other considerations and structured their presentations on these topics plus the influence of the economic crisis on oral health. It should be remembered that this paper is a report of the proceedings of a workshop and not a study. Ethics approval is not required for workshops. After the 18 oral presentations a 90 min discussion took place during which further points were raised. The presentations, the discussion and the conclusions which were reached are reported in this manuscript

Erosive tooth wear in children and adolescents

To determine the local prevalence of erosive tooth wear in the child population and to identify the degree to which local demographic and socioeconomic factors influence prevalence, a multi-stage cluster sample of three, five, eight, twelve and fifteenyear old Maltese school children were identified. The children were clinically examined under standardised conditions and provided a questionnaire to be filled directly (twelve and fifteen-year-olds) or by the parents/legal guardians (three, five and eight-year-olds). A total of 2508 children were examined. Of these, 232 three-year-old, 338 five-year-old children, 337 eight year-old children, 642 twelve-year-old children and 560 fifteen-year-old children returned a questionnaire and were analysed. The prevalence of erosive tooth wear was > 70% in all age cohorts. Erosion experience also increased in both extent and severity with age in each dentition. Significant higher incidences were observed in eight-year old males, eight-year old overweight children, eight and fifteen-year-olds attending public schools, locality (Gozo > Malta), history of vomiting in fifteen-year olds, and children from lower socioeconomic parental status in five, eight and fifteen-year-olds. The prevalence of erosive tooth wear is high in school aged Maltese children. This easily preventable tooth condition deserves targeted public health programmes to improve the oral health of future generations.peer-reviewe

Traditional vs. interactive technologies for corporate social responsibility communication in health care : a study in Malta and India

This work aims to understand the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the health care sector and investigates the use of traditional and interactive technologies for health care organizations’ CSR communication strategies. Based on a quantitative research methodology, we examine and compare CSR communication between two countries, namely Malta and India, which are characterized by very different contexts. The study shows that in both countries, CSR is perceived to be of medium to high importance and that health care organizations need to be more aware of the importance to communicate CSR activities through the use of interactive technologies.peer-reviewe

Penile Carcinoma: Risk Factors and Molecular Alterations

Penile carcinoma is a rare, male cancer. Although the incidence of penile carcinoma is very low in Western countries, in some countries, the incidence is significantly greater, with penile carcinoma accounting for ≤10% of all male malignancies. Greater insight has been gained in recent years as to its pathogenesis, the risk factors associated with its development, and the clinical and histological precursor lesions related to this disease. In this review, risk and conditions factors for penile carcinoma, molecular alterations in this type of cancer, histological types, and prognostic factors will be discussed in order to further our understanding of the biology and behavior of this cancer

Libro de apeo de la Catedral de Salamanca (1401-1405) : Transcripción y análisis

El presente trabajo es la transcripción paleográfica de un documento de comienzos del siglo XV conservado en el Archivo de la Catedral de Salamanca. Se trata de una pesquisa realizada por el racionero Alfonso González que tiene por objeto dejar constancia escrita de los bienes y derechos que poseía el Cabildo al momento de su redacción. A través de la declaración de los testigos en los 118 lugares visitados es posible conocer la fisonomía y los contornos del dominio señorial, las modalidades de gestión del patrimonio, los mecanismos de acumulación y los procesos de diferenciación social, la estructura de la propiedad de la tierra, etc. Se constituye, por tanto, en una pieza clave para el conocimiento de la historia económico-social del espacio salmantino durante la Baja Edad Media.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Libro de apeo de la Catedral de Salamanca (1401-1405) : Transcripción y análisis

El presente trabajo es la transcripción paleográfica de un documento de comienzos del siglo XV conservado en el Archivo de la Catedral de Salamanca. Se trata de una pesquisa realizada por el racionero Alfonso González que tiene por objeto dejar constancia escrita de los bienes y derechos que poseía el Cabildo al momento de su redacción. A través de la declaración de los testigos en los 118 lugares visitados es posible conocer la fisonomía y los contornos del dominio señorial, las modalidades de gestión del patrimonio, los mecanismos de acumulación y los procesos de diferenciación social, la estructura de la propiedad de la tierra, etc. Se constituye, por tanto, en una pieza clave para el conocimiento de la historia económico-social del espacio salmantino durante la Baja Edad Media.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Libro de apeo de la Catedral de Salamanca (1401-1405) : Transcripción y análisis

El presente trabajo es la transcripción paleográfica de un documento de comienzos del siglo XV conservado en el Archivo de la Catedral de Salamanca. Se trata de una pesquisa realizada por el racionero Alfonso González que tiene por objeto dejar constancia escrita de los bienes y derechos que poseía el Cabildo al momento de su redacción. A través de la declaración de los testigos en los 118 lugares visitados es posible conocer la fisonomía y los contornos del dominio señorial, las modalidades de gestión del patrimonio, los mecanismos de acumulación y los procesos de diferenciación social, la estructura de la propiedad de la tierra, etc. Se constituye, por tanto, en una pieza clave para el conocimiento de la historia económico-social del espacio salmantino durante la Baja Edad Media.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Moderate exercise training promotes adaptations in coronary blood flow and adenosine production in normotensive rats

OBJECTIVES: Aerobic exercise training prevents cardiovascular risks. Regular exercise promotes functional and structural adaptations that are associated with several cardiovascular benefits. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of swimming training on coronary blood flow, adenosine production and cardiac capillaries in normotensive rats. METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control (C) and trained (T). An exercise protocol was performed for 10 weeks and 60 min/day with a tail overload of 5% bodyweight. Coronary blood flow was quantified with a color microsphere technique, and cardiac capillaries were quantified using light microscopy. Adenine nucleotide hydrolysis was evaluated by enzymatic activity, and protein expression was evaluated by western blot. The results are presented as the means ± SEMs (p<0.05). RESULTS: Exercise training increased the coronary blood flow and the myocardial capillary-to-fiber ratio. Moreover, the circulating and cardiac extracellular adenine nucleotide hydrolysis was higher in the trained rats than in the sedentary rats due to the increased activity and protein expression of enzymes, such as E-NTPDase and 59- nucleotidase. CONCLUSIONS: Swimming training increases coronary blood flow, number of cardiac capillaries, and adenine nucleotide hydrolysis. Increased adenosine production may be an important contributor to the enhanced coronary blood flow and angiogenesis that were observed in the exercise-trained rats; collectively, these results suggest improved myocardial perfusion