Complete gallbladder duplication – Seventh report in world literature

Gallbladder duplication results from a rare abnormality of embriogenesis1 and is twice as common in women as in men2 .The signs and symptoms of double gallbladder cholecystitis are the same as those of single gallbladder cholecystitis: strong pain in the epigastric region and right hypochondrium, which may irradiate to the back and be accompanied by nausea and/or vomiting, Murphy positive sign, and pain on palpation of these regions; plastron may also be present3 . For this reason, many cases are still diagnosed intraoperatively, making surgery difficult and increasing the possibility of biliary tract injury. We report the case of a female patient with epigastric and dorsal pain for 4 days, which worsened with the ingestion of salty and fatty foods and was accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Physical examination showed a positive Murphy sign. A complete abdominal ultrasound examination showed gallbladder duplication, both lithiasic. Magnetic resonance cholangiography confirmed the duplication of the gallbladder and cystic ducts, with a single main biliary tract and acute lithiasic cholecystitis in both gallbladders. A laparoscopic cholecystectomy of both vesicles was performed without complications, and the patient was discharged 3 days after the procedure

ANTEPROJETO DE UM HOSPITAL ONCOLÓGICO INFANTIL

O tema escolhido consiste no desenvolvimento de um anteprojeto para a construção de um Hospital Oncológico Infantil, a ser implantado na cidade de Chapecó, no estado de Santa Catarina. Tem como objetivo abordar sobre o Câncer Infantil, seus índices cada vez maiores, e a importância de ambientes adequados para crianças portadoras dessa doença. Aborda também sobre temas relacionados aos ambientes hospitalares, sua evolução histórica, além de tratar sobre alguns aspectos como cuidados e melhorias que se pode ter dentro de um Estabelecimento Assistencial de Saúde (EAS), sendo eles: cuidados ambientais de conforto, iluminação artificial e natural, formas arquitetônicas, a importância do aroma e das plantas dentro desses ambientes, a relação do interior e exterior, humanização dos espaços trazendo as cores como elemento fundamental e a acessibilidade seguida das Normas, que são tão importantes e cobradas principalmente em EAS, para que fomentem os conhecimentos necessários para a elaboração do anteprojeto, suprindo todas as necessidades, e ainda, propiciar um espaço com qualidade, para que os usuários, seus familiares e funcionários sintam-se confortáveis, dando um novo caráter ao ambiente físico hospitalar. Palavras-chave: Hospital. Câncer Infantil. Humanização Hospitala

ANTEPROJETO DE UM HOSPITAL ONCOLÓGICO INFANTIL

O tema escolhido consiste no desenvolvimento de um anteprojeto para a construção de um Hospital Oncológico Infantil, a ser implantado na cidade de Chapecó, no estado de Santa Catarina. Tem como objetivo abordar sobre o Câncer Infantil, seus índices cada vez maiores, e a importância de ambientes adequados para crianças portadoras dessa doença. Aborda também sobre temas relacionados aos ambientes hospitalares, sua evolução histórica, além de tratar sobre alguns aspectos como cuidados e melhorias que se pode ter dentro de um Estabelecimento Assistencial de Saúde (EAS), sendo eles: cuidados ambientais de conforto, iluminação artificial e natural, formas arquitetônicas, a importância do aroma e das plantas dentro desses ambientes, a relação do interior e exterior, humanização dos espaços trazendo as cores como elemento fundamental e a acessibilidade seguida das Normas, que são tão importantes e cobradas principalmente em EAS, para que fomentem os conhecimentos necessários para a elaboração do anteprojeto, suprindo todas as necessidades, e ainda, propiciar um espaço com qualidade, para que os usuários, seus familiares e funcionários sintam-se confortáveis, dando um novo caráter ao ambiente físico hospitalar. Palavras-chave: Hospital, Câncer Infantil, Humanização Hospitalar

Proposing a Procedural Paradigm: An exploration of computational design thinking and computational design education within architecture

In recent decades digital technologies have had an increasingly pronounced impact upon the architectural discipline, and - more broadly - society as a whole. Characterised as ‘the Digital Turn’, many industries are incorporating digital processes within their own operational and andragogical models. Despite this, computational tools possess largely untapped potential as instrumental bases of architectural craft; as Carpo notes, the profession is decidedly reluctant to explore and embrace computational design practices: “architects, for the most part, have neglected or rejected the new digital commons”. Traditional notions of ‘analogue’ design thinking are not wholly compatible with the emergent body of novel conceptual, cognitive, theoretical, and methodological content afforded by computer-mediated design processes. Beyond merely enabling computer-aided drafting, computer technologies allow for a distinct form of digital craft that challenges the centrality of paper-based representation and formal inquiry as conceptual foundations of architectural praxis. This design-research scrutinises superficial instances of computation - more accurately described as ‘computerisation’ - and demonstrates that computational methodologies form a discrete epistemic practice within architectural design. Specific focus is placed upon proceduralism; an extensible computational framework that - it is argued - features a complement of functionalities, suitabilities, and potentialities that may be exploited by architects. This research offers a conceptual territorialisation of computational design methods as supported by other literature, and explores the cognitive basis of proceduralism - that being a direct occupation with the systematic identification, extraction, and codification of procedural (rather than declarative) design knowledge, and explicit use of computational functions to integrate such knowledge within creative and formative processes. The Technology Acceptance Model 3 (TAM3) is used to appraise the state of the art in architectural design education, demonstrating that existing educational models are ill-equipped to integrate computational methodologies without a revised understanding of design and making relative to this new paradigm. This paradigm is further juxtaposed via a series of pavilions (based upon the Serpentine format) and the documentation of their design processes. While formally distinct, the designs are teleologically consistent, exhibiting various design methodologies along a spectrum of computer utility - positing procedural and analogue methodologies as opposing poles. ‘Proposing a Procedural Paradigm’ formalises and expands upon the current body of research within the field of proceduralism using a socio-technical perspective to review – both critically and didactically – proceduralism’s role within architectural praxis, seeking to provide a more comprehensive understanding of digital technologies in architecture.</p

Sulphur nutrition of the grass component on a tussock grassland soil

The study undertaken was carried out in the montane tussock grassland region which in the South Island comprises some six million acres. Field trials were established at Mt Somers, Mid Canterbury. This study attempts to elucidate some of the factors connected with the sulphur nutrition of grasses. For the particular trial area it was hoped to determine four key aspects ; 1. Whether the response of the grass to nitrogen is governed by the sulphur level available. 2. A determination of what level of nitrogen was likely to be provided by clover fixation and transferred to the grass component under improved grassland conditions in the area. 3. What the optimum level of sulphur for the association is, allowing adequate sulphur for maximum possible nitrogen fixation as well as for utilization by the grass of the nitrogen transferred. 4. The effects of nitrogen and sulphur on plant chemical composition and any possible relationships between plant and soil as infuenced by these factors. Following a review of literature, a summary of experimental work is presented, with results, discussion and conclusions

Aspects of the agronomy and ecology of Poa trivialis in pastures : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agronomy at Massey University

Grassland farming on the lowlands of New Zealand is a system in which grass-clover pasture is grazed all year, management practice having as its objective close equation of animal requirements with herbage production whilst maintaining maximum sustained herbage yield from the pasture. The combination of ryegrass with white clover provides the basis for a sustained supply of high quality herbage and comparative flexibility in animal husbandry practices enables their requirements to be approximated to the seasonal pattern of herbage production. Accepting the sown species as the basis for maximum herbage production, then consideration must be given to the role of any unsown species which may replace them. Ingress of unsown perennial species is probably of greater concern than ingress of ephemerals. The reason is that their presence may prevent the sown species from recolonizing the invaded niches, thus resulting in some degree of permanent alteration to the species composition of the pasture. The presence of unsown perennial species has provoked considerable speculation about, but little proof of, their agronomic disadvantages. Assuming that the presence of these species is limiting the potential of herbage production that could be obtained from ryegrass-clover pasture ; if proven, consideration can then be given to the means by which ingress of unsown species occurs and to the means of preventing this, or alternatively to the means of pasture; if not proven, then species indicates deficiencies in the capacity of the rye-grass-clover association to fully exploit the environment

Perancangan dan Implementasi Aplikasi Metering Kamera pada Fotografi Berbasis Multimedia

Fotografi dalam seni adalah proses melukis dengan menggunakan cahaya. Pengukuran cahaya atau disebut dengan metering, menjadi hal yang jarang diketahui oleh pengguna kamera. Pengajaran – pengajaran dalam bentuk instant yang didapat oleh pengguna dalam bentuk media cetak seperti buku dan majalah atau media elektronik yang tidak lengkap. Pengguna hanya menerima informasi dari apa yang dilihat atau materi yang ternyata tidak mencakup semuanya.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode prototype untuk perancangan dan pengembangan media belajar. Berdasarkan permasalahan yang ada, aplikasi ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai pembelajaran metering kamera pada pembelajaran fotografi berbasis multimedia, menggunakan tampilan user interface yang interaktif agar pengguna dapat dengan mudah memahami metering dan menjalankan aplikasi simulasi yang dibuat