125 research outputs found
RecRec: Algorithmic Recourse for Recommender Systems
Recommender systems play an essential role in the choices people make in
domains such as entertainment, shopping, food, news, employment, and education.
The machine learning models underlying these recommender systems are often
enormously large and black-box in nature for users, content providers, and
system developers alike. It is often crucial for all stakeholders to understand
the model's rationale behind making certain predictions and recommendations.
This is especially true for the content providers whose livelihoods depend on
the recommender system. Drawing motivation from the practitioners' need, in
this work, we propose a recourse framework for recommender systems, targeted
towards the content providers. Algorithmic recourse in the recommendation
setting is a set of actions that, if executed, would modify the recommendations
(or ranking) of an item in the desired manner. A recourse suggests actions of
the form: "if a feature changes X to Y, then the ranking of that item for a set
of users will change to Z." Furthermore, we demonstrate that RecRec is highly
effective in generating valid, sparse, and actionable recourses through an
empirical evaluation of recommender systems trained on three real-world
datasets. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to conceptualize
and empirically test a generalized framework for generating recourses for
recommender systems.Comment: Accepted as a short paper at CIKM 202
Post-COVID-19 Cognitive Dysfunction: Methodological Foundations for Prevention and Correction Model
The article introduces a comprehensive review of theoretical and experimental studies in the field of psychophysiological predictors of cognitive impairments in post-COVID-19 patients. The data obtained made it possible to design a model of psychological correction and prevention of post-COVID-19 cognitive dysfunction. This condition affects cognitive, behavioral, and psycho-emotional areas of mental activity. Functional changes involve poor mobility of nervous processes and short attention span, as well as changes in coping behavior and personality characteristics. Unlike older patients, teenagers experience fewer consequences for cardiovascular system and cognitive functions. As for gender differences, men restored their cognitive functions better when they came to grasp with their past experience. For women, recovery was associated with life meaning, planning, and goal setting. The resulting model for the prevention and psychological correction of post-COVID-19 cognitive dysfunction integrated the principles of systemic, information, cognitive, and personality-oriented approaches. It consisted of several structural elements that made it possible to support COVID-19 patients through all treatment stages, i.e., psychodiagnostics, psychocorrection, psychotherapy, and social and lifestyle adaptation
Full Factorial Analysis of Mammalian and Avian Influenza Polymerase Subunits Suggests a Role of an Efficient Polymerase for Virus Adaptation
Amongst all the internal gene segments (PB2. PB1, PA, NP, M and NS), the avian PB1 segment is the only one which was reassorted into the human H2N2 and H3N2 pandemic strains. This suggests that the reassortment of polymerase subunit genes between mammalian and avian influenza viruses might play roles for interspecies transmission. To test this hypothesis, we tested the compatibility between PB2, PB1, PA and NP derived from a H5N1 virus and a mammalian H1N1 virus. All 16 possible combinations of avian-mammalian chimeric viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs) were characterized. We showed that recombinant vRNPs with a mammalian PB2 and an avian PB1 had the strongest polymerase activities in human cells at all studied temperature. In addition, viruses with this specific PB2-PB1 combination could grow efficiently in cell cultures, especially at a high incubation temperature. These viruses were potent inducers of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in primary human macrophages and pneumocytes. Viruses with this specific PB2-PB1 combination were also found to be more capable to generate adaptive mutations under a new selection pressure. These results suggested that the viral polymerase activity might be relevant for the genesis of influenza viruses of human health concern
Genome packaging in influenza A virus
The negative-sense RNA genome of influenza A virus is composed of eight segments, which encode 12 proteins between them. At the final stage of viral assembly, these genomic virion (v)RNAs are incorporated into the virion as it buds from the apical plasma membrane of the cell. Genome segmentation confers evolutionary advantages on the virus, but also poses a problem during virion assembly as at least one copy of each of the eight segments is required to produce a fully infectious virus particle. Historically, arguments have been presented in favour of a specific packaging mechanism that ensures incorporation of a full genome complement, as well as for an alternative model in which segments are chosen at random but packaged in sufficient numbers to ensure that a reasonable proportion of virions are viable. The question has seen a resurgence of interest in recent years leading to a consensus that the vast majority of virions contain no more than eight segments and that a specific mechanism does indeed function to select one copy of each vRNA. This review summarizes work leading to this conclusion. In addition, we describe recent progress in identifying the specific packaging signals and discuss likely mechanisms by which these RNA elements might operate
Learning logic using the opportunities of the Moodle platform
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°; ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΊ ΠΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ; ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΠ½Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Moodl
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