Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck in pediatric patients:a systematic review

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a soft tissue malignant tumor of mesenchymal cell origin, which usually shows variable differentiation of muscle cells. It is the most common solid sarcoma in children. The most usual site of occurrence are the head and neck regions. RMS presents a variety of histologic features, and so differential diagnosis with other small round cell tumors is needed. Hence, it has been very useful to the field to undertake additional immunohistochemical studies to determine the diagnosis and, on occasions, to assign subtype tumors. A systematic review of three databases (Medline, Biological Science Collection and Health & Medical Collection) was carried out with the purpose of analyzing rhabdomyosarcoma cases reported in the literature, specifically with localization in the head and neck regions in children. This strategy allowed us to identify the main anatomical site of appearance, the subtype of RMS, average age, histologic characteristics and immunohistochemistry markers used in a usual and any additional way. According to the selection criteria in this systematic review, twelve articles, and fourteen cases were identified that highlight that the histological diagnosis usually presents cellular heterogeneity. Therefore, immunohistochemistry is needed to confirm the diagnosis. Histologic characterization is not always sufficient for a conclusive diagnosis of RMS. Therefore, immunohistochemistry is helpful to determine the subtype and consequently, sometimes the behavior, treatment and prognosis. Additional markers may vary according to the institution and the need of particular cases

Complicaciones asociadas al mielomeningocele: reporte de un caso

El mielomeningocele es un defecto congénito, o rara vez adquirido, en el que existe herniación de las meninges y la médula espinal a través de un defecto óseo de la columna vertebral. La mayoría de estos defectos se producen en la región lumbosacra. Las características clínicas incluyen paraplejía, pérdida de la sensibilidad en la parte inferior del cuerpo, e incontinencia especialmente urinaria. Esta condición se asocia con la malformación de Arnold‐Chiari e hidrocefalia. A continuación, presentamos el caso de un paciente de 9 años de edad, quien manifestó varias de las complicaciones asociadas al mielomeningocele. Se discuten los métodos para la prevención primaria de esta enfermedad, así como también los avances en la cirugía para la corrección intrauterina de este defecto

The clustering of Galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey : including covariance matrix errors

JP acknowledges support from the UK Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) through the consolidated grant ST/K0090X/1 and from the European Research Council through the ‘Starting Independent Research’ grant 202686, MDEPUGS. AGS acknowledges support from the Trans-regional Collaborative Research Centre TR33 ‘The Dark Universe’ of the German Research Foundation (DFG).We present improved methodology for including covariance matrices in the error budget of Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) galaxy clustering measurements, revisiting Data Release 9 (DR9) analyses, and describing a method that is used in DR10/11 analyses presented in companion papers. The precise analysis method adopted is becoming increasingly important, due to the precision that BOSS can now reach: even using as many as 600 mock catalogues to estimate covariance of two-point clustering measurements can still lead to an increase in the errors of ∼20 per cent, depending on how the cosmological parameters of interest are measured. In this paper, we extend previous work on this contribution to the error budget, deriving formulae for errors measured by integrating over the likelihood, and to the distribution of recovered best-fitting parameters fitting the simulations also used to estimate the covariance matrix. Both are situations that previous analyses of BOSS have considered. We apply the formulae derived to baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and redshift-space distortion (RSD) measurements from BOSS in our companion papers. To further aid these analyses, we consider the optimum number of bins to use for two-point measurements using the monopole power spectrum or correlation function for BAO, and the monopole and quadrupole moments of the correlation function for anisotropic-BAO and RSD measurements.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Mock galaxy catalogues for the BOSS Final Data Release

We reproduce the galaxy clustering catalogue from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Final Data Release (BOSS DR11 and DR12) with high fidelity on all relevant scales in order to allow a robust analysis of baryon acoustic oscillations and redshift space distortions. We have generated (6000) 12 288 MultiDark PATCHY BOSS (DR11) DR12 light cones corresponding to an effective volume of ~ 192 000 [h-1 Gpc]3 (the largest ever simulated volume), including cosmic evolution in the redshift range from 0.15 to 0.75. The mocks have been calibrated using a reference galaxy catalogue based on the halo abundance matching modelling of the BOSS DR11 and DR12 galaxy clustering data and on the data themselves. The production follows three steps. First, we apply the PATCHY code to generate a dark matter field and an object distribution including non-linear stochastic galaxy bias. Secondly, we run the halo/stellar distribution reconstruction HADRON code to assign masses to the various objects. This step uses the mass distribution as a function of local density and non-local indicators (i.e. tidal field tensor eigenvalues and relative halo exclusion separation for massive objects) from the reference simulation applied to the corresponding patchy dark matter and galaxy distribution. Finally, we apply the SUGAR code to build the light cones. The resulting MultiDarkPATCHY mock light cones reproduce the number density, selection function, survey geometry, and in general within 1s, for arbitrary stellar mass bins, the power spectrum up to k = 0.3 h Mpc-1, the two-point correlation functions down to a few Mpc scales, and the three-point statistics of the BOSS DR11 and DR12 galaxy samples.Fil: Kitaura, Francisco-Shu. Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam; AlemaniaFil: Rodriguez Torres, Sergio A.. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Chuang, Chia Hsun. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Zhao, Cheng. Tsinghua University; ChinaFil: Prada, Francisco. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: Gil Marín, Héctor. University of Portsmouth; Reino UnidoFil: Guo, Hong. State University of Utah; Estados Unidos. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory; ChinaFil: Yepes, Gustavo. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias; EspañaFil: Klypin, Anatoly. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España. New Mexico State University; Estados UnidosFil: Scoccola, Claudia Graciela. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Instituto de Astrof{isica de Canarias; España. Universidad de La Laguna; EspañaFil: Tinker, Jeremy. University of New York; Estados UnidosFil: McBride, Cameron. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados UnidosFil: Reid, Beth. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados Unidos. University of California at Berkeley; Estados UnidosFil: Sánchez, Ariel G.. Max Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik; AlemaniaFil: Salazar Albornoz, Salvador. Max Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik; Alemania. Ludwig Maximilians Universitat; AlemaniaFil: Grieb, Jan Niklas. Max Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik; Alemania. Ludwig Maximilians Universitat; AlemaniaFil: Vargas Magana, Mariana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Cuesta, Antonio J.. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Neyrinck, Mark. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Beutler, Florian. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Comparat, Johan. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Percival, Will J.. University of Portsmouth; Reino UnidoFil: Ross, Ashley. Ohio State University; Estados Unidos. University of Portsmouth; Reino Unid

Haemoparasites in endemic and non-endemic passerine birds from central Mexico highlands

Haemosporidian parasites of birds are found worldwide and include the genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon. Infection with haemosporidian parasites can affect host physical condition and reproductive success. The aim of this study was to identify the blood parasites and parasitaemia in endemic and non-endemic passerine birds from central Mexico highlands. This study included 157 passerines representing 29 species from 17 families. Overall, 30.6% (48/157) of the birds were infected with blood parasites. Of those, Haemoproteus spp. were found in 14.0% (n = 22), Leucocytozoon spp. 12.1% (n = 19) and microfilariae 0.6% (n = 1). Blood parasites were found in 71.4% (5/7) of endemic bird species and 45.4% (10/22) of non-endemic species. Medium to high parasitaemia (number of parasites/number erythrocytes) was observed in birds with infections of Haemoproteus spp. and Leucocytozoon spp. Co-infections 3.8% (n = 6) were observed in two species of endemic birds. This study contributes to the knowledge of haemoparasites in endemic and non-endemic passerine birds from central Mexico highlands. Additional investigation on the molecular identification of haemosporidian parasites, pathogenicity and health status of these birds is necessary

Células troncales cancerígenas en carcinoma oral de células escamosas. Revisión de la literatura

Objetivo: Describir, mediante una revisión de la literatura, el carcinoma oral de células escamosas, la presencia de células troncales cancerígenas, su asociación con el curso de la enfermedad y las aplicaciones terapéuticas. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed introduciendo el siguiente algoritmo: (((neoplastic stem cells [MeSH Terms]) OR (Cancer stem cells [Text Word])) AND (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck [MeSH Terms])) AND (Oral squamous cell carcinoma [Text Word]), para hallar artículos en idioma inglés publicados entre los años 2012 y 2022. Se utilizó el diagrama PRISMA para la identificación y elección de los artículos. Resultados: Se obtuvo un resultado de 49 artículos, de los cuales se eligieron 27 según su título y resumen, y su asociación con el tema. Se incluyeron 8 artículos adicionales sugeridos por su relación con la información previamente buscada, con lo que sumaron un total de 35 artículos evaluados. Se encontró que las células tumorales en el carcinoma oral de células escamosas son heterogéneas, pues incluyen células troncales cancerígenas, las cuales poseen características de células troncales, así como de células neoplásicas. Se las ha asociado con la progresión de la enfermedad, la recurrencia y la metástasis, y se ha considerado que son un mecanismo clave en el fallo en la terapia. Conclusiones: Se han identificado células troncales en carcinomas orales de células escamosas, las cuales han mostrado la expresión de marcadores, los cuales aportaron en su identificación y se han implicado en el comportamiento de las células cancerosas. Se han propuesto y desarrollado nuevas medidas terapéuticas dirigidas a la eliminación de las células troncales cancerígenas.Objective: To perform a literature review on oral squamous cell carcinoma, the presence of cancer stem cells; their association with the course of the disease and therapeutic applications. Methods: A search was performed in the PubMed database by entering the following algorithm: ((((neoplastic stem cells[MeSH Terms]) OR (Cancer stem cells[Text Word])) AND (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck[MeSH Terms])) AND (Oral squamous cell carcinoma[Text Word]), to find articles in english published between 2012 and 2022. The PRISMA diagram was used to identify and select the articles. Results: A result of 49 articles was obtained; of which 27 were chosen according to the title and abstract in their association with the topic. In addition, 8 additional articles suggested by their relationship with the information previously searched were included. In total, 35 articles were evaluated. There has been found that tumoral cells in squamous oral carcinoma are heterogeneous since they include cancer stem cells wich possess characteristics of stem and neoplasic cells; which possess characteristics of stem cells as well as neoplastic cells; they have been associated with disease progression, recurrence, and metastasis and have been considered to be a key mechanism of therapy failure. Conclusions: The expression of stem cell markers in oral squamous cell carcinomas has been demonstrated and has contributed to their identification in oral squamous cell carcinomas and has been implicated in the behavior of cancer cells. New therapeutic measures aimed at eliminating cancer stem cells have been proposed and developed

The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: tomographic BAO analysis of DR12 combined sample in configuration space

We perform a tomographic baryon acoustic oscillations analysis using the two-point galaxy correlation function measured from the combined sample of BOSS DR12, which covers the redshift range of $0.2<z<0.75$. Splitting the sample into multiple overlapping redshift slices to extract the redshift information of galaxy clustering, we obtain a measurement of $D_A(z)/r_d$ and $H(z)r_d$ at nine effective redshifts with the full covariance matrix calibrated using MultiDark-Patchy mock catalogues. Using the reconstructed galaxy catalogues, we obtain the precision of $1.3\%-2.2\%$ for $D_A(z)/r_d$ and $2.1\%-6.0\%$ for $H(z)r_d$. To quantify the gain from the tomographic information, we compare the constraints on the cosmological parameters using our 9-bin BAO measurements, the consensus 3-bin BAO and RSD measurements at three effective redshifts in \citet{Alam2016}, and the non-tomographic (1-bin) BAO measurement at a single effective redshift. Comparing the 9-bin with 1-bin constraint result, it can improve the dark energy Figure of Merit by a factor of 1.24 for the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder parametrisation for equation of state parameter $w_{\rm DE}$. The errors of $w_0$ and $w_a$ from 9-bin constraints are slightly improved when compared to the 3-bin constraint result.Comment: 14 pages, 21 figures, 7 Tables. Submitted to MNRA

Secretos que guardan los parques.

Semillero Mirada Interdiciplina