“EXPERIENCIA EN EL USO DE CPAP NASAL EN LA UCIN DEL HOSPITAL GENERAL DE TLALNEPANTLA DE 2009 A 2013”

Diversas investigaciones describen las alteraciones que ocurren en la fisiología pulmonar del neonato, principalmente en la transición pulmonar en el momento del nacimiento, que conllevan a la aparición de enfermedades que requieren de intervención y apoyo respiratorio para mantener la vida

Estado del arte de los productos de información climática en Colombia

Este trabajo presenta el inventario del estado del arte de los productos de información climática en Colombia. Se espera que este documento se convierta en una guía, para conocer la oferta de información climática disponible en internet, que es relevante en la toma de decisiones agrícolas, identificando cuáles son sus principales usuarios y cuáles son los mecanismos de flujo de información utilizados. La metodología que orienta este documento se basa en el informe técnico, realizado por CATIE, sobre el estado del arte de los productos de información agroclimática en América Central (CATIE, 2015). Con este enfoque, La información fue colectada a través de búsquedas sistemáticas en el buscador web de Google con palabras clave. Adicionalmente, se realizó la revisión de las páginas Web de organismos como el servicio meteorológico y Ministerios de agricultura y de ambiente, y del sector publico/privado como: gremios, corporaciones y centro de investigación. Los resultados muestran aproximadamente 17 instituciones generando información climática, agroclimática y de seguridad alimentaria para Colombia. La mayoría de publicaciones con información agroclimática de forma periódica proviene de instituciones como IDEAM, CENICAFÉ, CENICAÑA y CIAT-CCAFS vinculadas a los cultivos de interés y difundida por AGRONET, páginas web de cada institución y redes sociales. Se recomienda tener un sistema unificado de consulta (metadato y mapa) sobre información de todas las estaciones meteorológicas activas en el territorio nacional, dada la dificultad para encontrar la información. El ámbito geográfico de las publicaciones abarca en muchos casos la escala nacional, pero se encuentra distintas publicaciones para las principales ciudades, enfoque en departamentos específicos. El tipo de usuarios a los cuales se dirige la información son, en su mayoría para técnicos o servicios de extensión, pero se encuentran algunas publicaciones enfocadas para agricultores a través de boletines en formato físico y medios audiovisuales. Se encontraron varias publicaciones con recomendaciones para apoyar la toma de decisiones en el sector agropecuario, ya sea por cultivos o por región productiva. La periodicidad de las publicaciones varía desde información en tiempo real, corto plazo (días), análisis decadales e información mensual. Se percibe en reuniones con diferentes usuarios de información climática un alto nivel de desconocimiento sobre toda la oferta y utilidad de dicha información para la toma de decisiones en el sector agropecuario

Local, reliable and timely agro-climatic information: a requirement of Colombian farmers

Awareness of climatic information relevant for future decisions through climatic forecasts is not enough to support farmer’s decision-making. It is necessary to look for agricultural management alternatives that allow farmers to adapt to climatic conditions and implement efficient and sustainable management systems, within a framework of effective communication with farmers (Jones, 2003; Pulwarty et al., 2003). In Latin America are very few the initiatives related to climatic forecasts. The Project “Agroclimatic services and food security information for improved decision-making – AgroClimas” aims to support private and public sector actors in Colombia, Guatemala and Honduras to implement and use agro-climatic risk management tools, validated and adjusted to the needs of final users. This info note presents results from a mapping of actors and agro-climatic information needs in crops important for food security (maize and bush beans), in pilot sites of the project in Colombia. The hypothesis underlying the study is that through mapping actors who transmit information (climatic, prices, technical and financial) to farmers, knowing if this information is considered reliable, identifying unattended information needs and preferred formats to receive it that would support production decisions, one can devise useful, relevant, reliable, sustainable applicable solutions

Conscious mobility for urban spaces: case studies review and indicator framework design

A lack of data collection on conscious mobility behaviors has been identified in current sustainable and smart mobility planning, development and implementation strategies. This leads to technocentric solutions that do not place people and their behavior at the center of new mobility solutions in urban centers around the globe. This paper introduces the concept of conscious mobility to link techno-economic analyses with user awareness on the impact of their travel decisions on other people, local urban infrastructure and the environment through systematic big data collection. A preliminary conscious mobility indicator framework is presented to leverage behavioral considerations to enhance urban-community mobility systems. Key factors for conscious mobility analysis have been derived from five case studies. The sample offers regional diversity (i.e., local, regional and the global urban contexts), as well as different goals in the transformation of conventional urban transport systems, from improving public transport efficiency and equipment electrification to mitigate pollution and climate risks, to focusing on equity, access and people safety. The case studies selected provide useful metrics on the adoption of cleaner, smarter, safer and more autonomous mobility technologies, along with novel people-centric program designs to build an initial set of conscious mobility indicators frameworks. The parameters were applied to the city of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon in Mexico focusing on the needs of the communities that work, study and live around the local urban campus of the Tecnologico de Monterrey’s Distrito Tec. This case study, served as an example of how conscious mobility indicators could be applied and customized to a community and region of interest. This paper introduces the first application of the conscious mobility framework for urban communities’ mobility system analysis. This more holistic assessment approach includes dimensions such as society and culture, infrastructure and urban spaces, technology, government, normativity, economy and politics, and the environment. The expectation is that the conscious mobility framework of analysis will become a useful tool for smarter and sustainable urban and mobility problem solving and decision making to enhance the quality of life all living in urban communities

Chronic Exposure to Arsenic and Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chihuahua, Mexico

BackgroundExposure to arsenic (As) concentrations in drinking water > 150 μg/L has been associated with risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, but little is known about the effects of lower exposures.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine whether moderate As exposure, or indicators of individual As metabolism at these levels of exposure, are associated with cardiometabolic risk.MethodsWe analyzed cross-sectional associations between arsenic exposure and multiple markers of cardiometabolic risk using drinking-water As measurements and urinary As species data obtained from 1,160 adults in Chihuahua, Mexico, who were recruited in 2008–2013. Fasting blood glucose and lipid levels, the results of an oral glucose tolerance test, and blood pressure were used to characterize cardiometabolic risk. Multivariable logistic, multinomial, and linear regression were used to assess associations between cardiometabolic outcomes and water As or the sum of inorganic and methylated As species in urine.ResultsAfter multivariable adjustment, concentrations in the second quartile of water As (25.5 to < 47.9 μg/L) and concentrations of total speciated urinary As (< 55.8 μg/L) below the median were significantly associated with elevated triglycerides, high total cholesterol, and diabetes. However, moderate water and urinary As levels were also positively associated with HDL cholesterol. Associations between arsenic exposure and both dysglycemia and triglyceridemia were higher among individuals with higher proportions of dimethylarsenic in urine.ConclusionsModerate exposure to As may increase cardiometabolic risk, particularly in individuals with high proportions of urinary dimethylarsenic. In this cohort, As exposure was associated with several markers of increased cardiometabolic risk (diabetes, triglyceridemia, and cholesterolemia), but exposure was also associated with higher rather than lower HDL cholesterol.CitationMendez MA, González-Horta C, Sánchez-Ramírez B, Ballinas-Casarrubias L, Hernández Cerón R, Viniegra Morales D, Baeza Terrazas FA, Ishida MC, Gutiérrez-Torres DS, Saunders RJ, Drobná Z, Fry RC, Buse JB, Loomis D, García-Vargas GG, Del Razo LM, Stýblo M. 2016. Chronic exposure to arsenic and markers of cardiometabolic risk: a cross-sectional study in Chihuahua, Mexico. Environ Health Perspect 124:104–111; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.140874

Association Between Variants in Arsenic (+3 Oxidation State) Methyltranserase ( AS3MT ) and Urinary Metabolites of Inorganic Arsenic: Role of Exposure Level

Variants in AS3MT, the gene encoding arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltranserase, have been shown to influence patterns of inorganic arsenic (iAs) metabolism. Several studies have suggested that capacity to metabolize iAs may vary depending on levels of iAs exposure. However, it is not known whether the influence of variants in AS3MT on iAs metabolism also vary by level of exposure. We investigated, in a population of Mexican adults exposed to drinking water As, whether associations between 7 candidate variants in AS3MT and urinary iAs metabolites were consistent with prior studies, and whether these associations varied depending on the level of exposure. Overall, associations between urinary iAs metabolites and AS3MT variants were consistent with the literature. Referent genotypes, defined as the genotype previously associated with a higher percentage of urinary dimethylated As (DMAs%), were associated with significant increases in the DMAs% and ratio of DMAs to monomethylated As (MAs), and significant reductions in MAs% and iAs%. For 3 variants, associations between genotypes and iAs metabolism were significantly stronger among subjects exposed to water As >50 versus ≤50 ppb (water As X genotype interaction P < .05). In contrast, for 1 variant (rs17881215), associations were significantly stronger at exposures ≤50 ppb. Results suggest that iAs exposure may influence the extent to which several AS3MT variants affect iAs metabolism. The variants most strongly associated with iAs metabolism—and perhaps with susceptibility to iAs-associated disease—may vary in settings with exposure level

Postepizootic Persistence of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus, Venezuela

Etiologic subtype IC of virus persists, 5 years after the major 1995 epidemic