Final report for Hispanics in microenterprise

Demographic changes in the nature of the Hispanic population in Southern New Hampshire (US) have necessitated the need for microenterprise education targeting this emerging population. This project chronicles the implementation of two pilot courses initiated in southern New Hampshire (US) and discusses how short-term results might lead to longer term community benefits. Additionally, there is a discussion on the benefits of small business networking as an adjunct to training and expanded lending opportunities. (Library-derived description)Varela, S. (2003). Final report for Hispanics in microenterprise. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.eduMaster of Science (M.S.)School of Community Economic Developmen

Marine biotechnology: a challenging path to sustainable food, feed, energy and improved human and animal health

As life began in the oceans, the past, but also the future of the human population is intrinsically linked to marine living resources. The oceans offer a bounty of biodiversity that needs to be protected, properly managed and exploited with responsibility. Recent studies on the biodiversity of marine organisms have revealed that the tree of life is actually a web of life with multiple interactions in terms of complex networks of gene transfers, endosymbiotic events and trophic relationships. The understanding of this complexity and the evolutionary history that underlies and explains the biology, biochemistry and ecology of marine life is key to its effective exploitation to benefit human beings as a whole in a responsible manner. We will discuss knowledge-based strategies that are currently being implemented in order to use the available marine living resources as novel sources of food, feed, energy and bioactive compounds, so that a more sustainable future can be provided to future generations.0055 ALGARED+ 5E funded under the INTERREG V-A programme for the trans-border cooperation Spain – Portugal (POCTEP)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Defining the organizational structure of dopamine and muscarninic acetylcholine receptors

No abstract available

La Infraestructura Verde como alternativa ante la expansión urbana en Santiago de Chile

[EN] The urban expansionist perspective that governs the Modification of the Metropolitan Regulatory Plan of Santiago de Chile (MPRMS-100), and the absence of an integral management of natural and cultural landscape components, is threatening the integrity of the existing ecological matrix. Given this, the concept of Green Infrastructure is presented as a planning tool, capable of addressing land management aspects, from the spatial to the multifunctional that can reconcile urban growth, social prosperity and environmental protection. In that sense, the article aims to define, from the postulates of Landscape Ecology, the elements for the implementation of a primary Green Infrastructure system in San Bernardo, a peripheral commune of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago. This locality faces important challenges in the future urban context as it concentrates almost 40% of the land proposed to be urbanized by the Plan.[ES] La perspectiva expansionista que rige la Modificación del Plan Regulador Metropolitano de Santiago de Chile (MPRMS-100), y la ausencia de una gestión integral de los componentes paisajísticos de valor natural y cultural, está amenazando la integridad de la matriz ecológica existente. Ante esto, la Infraestructura Verde se presenta como una herramienta de planificación capaz de abordar los aspectos ligados a la gestión del suelo, desde lo espacial a lo multifuncional, que puede reconciliar el crecimiento urbano, bienestar social y protección ambiental. En ese sentido, el artículo tiene como objetivo definir, a partir de los postulados de la Ecología del Paisaje, los elementos para la implementación de un sistema primario de Infraestructura Verde en San Bernardo, una comuna periférica de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago. Esta localidad enfrenta importantes desafíos en el contexto urbano futuro ya que concentra el 40% del suelo urbanizable propuesto por el Plan. Lopez Varela, S.; Granados Ortiz, S. (2020). Green Infrastructure as an alternative facing urban expansion in Santiago de Chile. EN BLANCO. Revista de Arquitectura. 12(28):94-105. https://doi.org/10.4995/eb.2020.13017OJS941051228Alves d'Acampora, Bárbara Heliodora. "La conectividad ecológica en los paisajes de manglares de la región metropolitana de Florianópolis, costa Sur de Brasil." PhD diss., Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 2018.Astorkiza, Inmaculada y Ana María Ferrero. "Expansión urbana y sostenibilidad: Una dicotomía difícil de conciliar." Revista española de control externo 40 (2012): 47-78.Benedict, Mark A. and McMahon, Edward T. Green Infrastructure. Linking Landscapes and Communities. Washington: Island Press, 2006.BID. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. "Sostenibilidad Urbana en América Latina y el Caribe." accessed September 21, 2019. https://publications.iadb.org/es/publicacion/16383/sostenibilidad-urbana-en-america-latina-y-el-caribe.Bresciani, Luis. "Planificar la ciudad desde su espacio natural: Brotes verdes de la planificación urbana." In Cerros Isla de Santiago: Construyendo un nuevo imaginario de ciudad a partir de su geografía, 56-75. Santiago de Chile: Fundación Cerros Isla, 2018.Burel, Francoise and Baudry, Jacques. Ecología del paisaje. Conceptos, métodos y aplicaciones. Madrid: Editorial Mundi Prensa, 2001.CEA. Center for Environmental Studies. "The Urban Green Infrastructure of Vitoria-Gasteiz. "accessed September 15, 2019. www.vitoria-gasteiz.org.Centro de Políticas Públicas UC. "Desafíos en la accesibilidad a áreas verdes en la ciudad y vías de solución, en el marco de la Ley de Aportes al espacio público." accessed October 2, 2019. https://politicaspublicas.uc.cl/.De Block, Greet. "Carefully radical or radically careful. Ecology as design motif." In Revising Green Infrastructure: Concepts Between Nature and Design, 29-47. Londres: Editorial CRC Press, 2014.De la Barrera, Francisco, Pamela Bachmann-Vargas and Antonio Tironi. "Ecosystem services research in Chile: a systematic review." Investigaciones Geográficas 50 (2015): 3-18. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-5370.2015.41171De Mattos, Carlos, Luis Fuentes and Felipe Link. "Tendencias recientes del crecimiento metropolitano en Santiago de Chile. ¿Hacia una nueva geografía urbana?" Revista INVI 29, no 91 (2014): 193-219. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-83582014000200006EEA. European Environment Agency. "Green infrastructure and territorial cohesion- The concept of green infrastructure and its integration into policies using monitoring systems." accessed September 25, 2019. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/green-infrastructure-and-territorial-cohesion.European Union. "Building a green infrastructure for Europe. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Union." accessed January 9, 2019. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/ecosystems/docs/GI-Brochure-210x210-ES-web.pdf.Feria, José María and Jesús Santiago-Ramos. "Funciones ecológicas del espacio libre y planificación territorial en ámbitos metropolitanos: perspectivas teóricas y experiencias recientes en el contexto español." Scripta Nova. Revista electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales 299, no. XII (2009).Fernández, Ignacio. "Los Cerros Islas como Hábitats de Fauna y Generadores de Servicios Ambientales para la Ciudad de Santiago de Chile." Revista Conservación Ambiental 1 (2011): 9-15.GLA. Greater London Authority. "Green infrastructure and open environments: the All London Green Grid." accessed November 4, 2019. https://www.london.gov.uk/whatwe-do/environment/parks-green-spaces-and-biodiversity/all-london-green-gridGobierno Regional Metropolitano de Santiago. "Política Regional de Áreas Verdes." accessed December 12 , 2019. https://www.gobiernosantiago.cl/wp-content/uploads/2014/doc/estrategia/Politica_Regional_de_Areas_Verdes,_2014.pdfHansen Rieke and Pauleit, Stephan. "From multifunctionality to multiple ecosystem services? A Conceptual framework for multifunctionality in green infrastructure planning for urban areas." Ambio 43, no. 4 (2014): 516-529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0510-2INE. Statistics National Institute. Censo Nacional de Población y de Vivienda. Chile. 2017INE. Statistics National Institute. "Sistema de Indicadores y Estándares del Desarrollo Urbano (SIEDU)." accessed January 6, 2020. http://siedu.ine.cl/index.html.López Varela, Susana. "El Green Belt en Inglaterra: de la contención edilicia al valor del paisaje." PhD diss., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2013.LUC. Land Use Consultants. "Green Infrastructure Guidance." accessed October 21, 2019. http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/35033.Mallarach, Josep Maria and Joan Marull. "La Conectividad Ecológica en la planificación y la evaluación estratégica: aplicaciones en el área metropolitana de Barcelona." Ciudad y territorio: Estudios Territoriales 147 (2006): 41-60.MEA. Millenium Ecosystem Assessment. Ecosystem and Human Well-being: Current State and Trends. Washington: Island Press, 2005.Mell, Ian C.. "Can green infrastructure promote urban sustainability?" Engineering Sustainability 162 (2009): 23-34. https://doi.org/10.1680/ensu.2009.162.1.23Ministry of Interior and Public Safety. "Diario Oficial de la República de Chile, Nº 42.479, CVE 1668799. Jueves 17 de octubre." accessed January 6, 2020. https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2019/10/17/42479/01/1668799.pdf.MMA. Ministerio del Medio Ambiente. "Resumen diagnóstico ambiental. Recursos hídricos en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago." accessed October 15, 2019. http://metadatos.mma.gob.cl/sinia/articles-39509_pdf_agua.pdf.Montaner, Josep Maria. "El modelo Curitiba: movilidad y espacios verdes." Ecología Política 17 (1999): 69-71.Montoya-Tangarife, Claudia, Francisco De La Barrera, Alejandro Salazar and Luis Inostroza. "Monitoring the effects of land cover change on the supply of ecosystem services in an urban region: A study of Santiago- Valparaíso, Chile." PLoS ONE 12, no. 11 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188117MPRMS-100. Modification number 100 to the Santiago Metropolitan Regulatory Plan. November 2013.ODEPA. Oficina de Estudios y Políticas Agrarias. "Impacto de la expansión urbana sobre el sector agrícola en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago." Accessed December 7, 2019. https://www.odepa.gob.cl/publicaciones/documentos-einformes/estudio-impacto-de-la-expansion-urbana-sobre-el-sector-agricola-en-laregion-metropolitana-de-santiagoOlivares, Elisabet. "Plan de Espacios Abiertos e Infraestructura Ecológica en Lima. Una apuesta por el territorio en una ciudad fragmentada." Planur-e 10 (2017).PRC San Bernardo. Communal Regulatory Plan of San Bernardo and the locality of Lo Herrera. Local ordinance, May 2006.PRMS. Santiago Metropolitan Regulatory Plan. Ordinance, October 2007.Regional Metropolitan Government of Santiago. "Green Areas Regional Policy." accessed December 12 , 2019. https://www.gobiernosantiago.cl/wp-content/uploads/2014/doc/estrategia/Politica_Regional_de_Areas_Verdes,_2014.pdf.Reyes, Sonia e Isabel Margarita Figueroa. "Distribución, superficie y accesibilidad de las áreas verdes en Santiago de Chile." EURE, Revista de Estudios Urbanos Regionales 109 (2010): 89-110. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0250-71612010000300004Riedel, Tomás. Aprobación PRMS-100; análisis y alcances. Santiago de Chile: Cámara Chilena de la Construcción, CCHC, 2014.Rojas, Carolina, Joan Pino and Edilia Jaque. "Strategic Environmental Assessment in Latin America: A methodological proposal for urban planning in the Metropolitan Area of Concepción (Chile)." Land Use Policy 30, no. 1 (2013): 519-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.04.018Romero Aravena, Hugo and Alexis Vásquez. "Evaluación ambiental del proceso de urbanización de las cuencas del piedemonte andino de Santiago de Chile." EURE, Revista de Estudios Urbano Regionales 94 (2005): 97-118. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0250-71612005009400006Romero Aravena, Hugo, Claudio Fuentes and Pamela Smith. "Ecología política de los riesgos naturales y de la contaminación ambiental en Santiago de Chile: necesidad de justicia ambiental." Scripta Nova. Revista electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales 331 (2010).SEREX. External Sevices UC. "Análisis y Diagnóstico Plan Regional de Desarrollo Urbano Región Metropolitana, Informe Etapa 4." accessed October 4, 2019. https://www.minvu.cl/Thomas, Kevin and Steve Littlewood. "From Green Belts to Green Infrastructure? The Evolution of a New Concept in the Emerging Soft Governance of Spatial Strategies." Planning Practice and Research, 25, no. 2 (2010): 203-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/02697451003740213Valdés, Paula and Foulkes, María Dora. "La infraestructura verde y su papel en el desarrollo regional. Aplicación a los ejes recreativos y culturales de resistencia y su área metropolitana." Cuaderno urbano. Espacio, cultura, sociedad 20, no. 20 (2016): 45-70. https://doi.org/10.30972/crn.2020942Vásquez, Alexis. "Infraestructura verde, servicios ecosistémicos y sus aportes para enfrentar el cambio climático en ciudades: el caso del corredor ribereño del río Mapocho en Santiago de Chile." Revista de geografía Norte Grande 63 (2016): 65. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34022016000100005United Nations. "New Urban Agenda. Habitat III Conference." accessed January 8, 2020. http://habitat3.org/wp-content/uploads/NUA-Spanish.pdfUnited Nations. "2018 Revision of world urbanization prospects." accessed January 6, 2020. https://population.un.org/wup

Birds adapted to cold conditions show greater changes in range size related to past climatic oscillations than temperate birds

Investigation of ecological responses of species to past climate oscillations provides crucial information to understand the effects of global warming. In this work, we investigated how past climate changes affected the distribution of six bird species with different climatic requirements and migratory behaviours in the Western Palearctic and in Africa. Species Distribution Models and Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 2 fossil occurrences of selected species were employed to evaluate the relation between changes in range size and species climatic tolerances. The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) range predictions, generally well supported by the MIS 2 fossil occurrences, suggest that cold-dwelling species considerably expanded their distribution in the LGM, experiencing more pronounced net changes in range size compared to temperate species. Overall, the thermal niche proves to be a key ecological trait for explaining the impact of climate change in species distributions. Thermal niche is linked to range size variations due to climatic oscillations, with cold-adapted species currently suffering a more striking range reduction compared to temperate species. This work also supports the persistence of Afro-Palearctic migrations during the LGM due to the presence of climatically suitable wintering areas in Africa even during glacial maxima

Effie College 3E : caso Bancolombia “El día de todos : la amistad más pura”

Actualmente el sector bancario enfrenta la llegada de nuevas generaciones, especialmente una muy conocida como lo son los “Millennials”, motivo por el cual, las entidades bancarias entendiendo estos cambios han empezado a actualizar sus estrategias de comunicación y a innovar en la forma de entregar un mensaje adaptándose a estas nuevas generaciones. Bancolombia utiliza las emociones como principal herramienta de acercamiento a este segmento. Esta organización, es una empresa integral y sensible frente a la protección y conservación del medioambiente, de igual manera es inclusiva con minorías como la comunidad LGBTI y para ello, crea días especiales basados en gestos que logran cambiar la relación tradicional entre banco y cliente, por una relación más cercana, una cara más amigable frente a los consumidores (Brief Bancolombia, 2018). El objetivo es lograr un alcance exponencial, poder llegar a más “millennials” de una manera desinteresada que genere emociones al segmento de la población escogida, mejorando su percepción y comportamiento frente a la organización, creando así valor mediante gestos que no han sido utilizados y que tienen como fin generar mayor valor agregado a la marca, buscando de esta manera poder potenciar la imagen de la misma frente a este nuevo grupo de interés, adaptando y transformando la imagen tradicional del banco por una a la vanguardia, basada en los valores que representan a los ¨Millennials¨ pero encaminada en los pilares fundamentales de Bancolombia. Es importante tener los medios digitales como principal canal pues es por medio de estos que se potencian la estrategia de comunicación de la marca, como por ejemplo las redes sociales, de las cuales se extrae datos cuantitativos de visualizaciones e interacciones con el público para una mejor toma de decisiones.Currently the banking sector faces the arrival of new generations, especially a very well known as they are the "Millennials", reason why, banking entities understanding these changes have begun to update their communication strategies and innovate in the way of delivering a message adapting to these new generations. Bancolombia uses emotions as the main tool to approach this segment. This organization is a comprehensive and sensitive company in the protection and conservation of the environment, and is equally inclusive with minorities such as the LGBTI community. To do so, it creates special days based on gestures that manage to change the traditional relationship between bank and client for one closer relationship, a more friendly face vis-à-vis consumers (Brief Bancolombia, 2018).           The objective is to achieve an exponential reach, to reach more "millennials" in a selfless way that generates emotions to the segment of the chosen population, improving their perception and behavior towards the organization, creating value through gestures that have not been used and which aim to generate greater added value to the brand, seeking in this way to enhance the image of the brand in front of this new interest group, adapting and transforming the traditional image of the bank by a vanguard, based on the values ​​that they represent the "Millennials" but are directed at the fundamental pillars of Bancolombia. It is important to have digital media as the main channel because it is through these that the communication strategy of the brand is enhanced, such as social networks, from which quantitative data is extracted from visualizations and interactions with the public for a better decision making.Administrador (a) de EmpresasPregrad

Birds adapted to cold conditions show greater changes in range size related to past climatic oscillations than temperate birds

Investigation of ecological responses of species to past climate oscillations provides crucial information to understand the effects of global warming. In this work, we investigated how past climate changes affected the distribution of six bird species with different climatic requirements and migratory behaviours in the Western Palearctic and in Africa. Species Distribution Models and Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 2 fossil occurrences of selected species were employed to evaluate the relation between changes in range size and species climatic tolerances. The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) range predictions, generally well supported by the MIS 2 fossil occurrences, suggest that cold-dwelling species considerably expanded their distribution in the LGM, experiencing more pronounced net changes in range size compared to temperate species. Overall, the thermal niche proves to be a key ecological trait for explaining the impact of climate change in species distributions. Thermal niche is linked to range size variations due to climatic oscillations, with cold-adapted species currently suffering a more striking range reduction compared to temperate species. This work also supports the persistence of Afro-Palearctic migrations during the LGM due to the presence of climatically suitable wintering areas in Africa even during glacial maxim

No bird database is perfect: citizen science and professional datasets contain different and complementary biodiversity Information

Citizen science has become a powerful tool for collecting big data on biodiversity. However, concerns have been raised about potential biases in these new datasets. We aimed to test whether citizen science bird databases have more biases than professional scientific databases. Our hypotheses were 1) citizen science databases will have more data on “easy to spot” species, that are widely distributed and have large body sizes; whereas 2) professional databases will have more endangered species and species of special interest for research. We analysed six Spanish bird databases: three professional, two citizen science and one mixed database. Our results show that, in general, occurrences in citizen science databases are better explained by the studied variables than professional databases, but no clear differences were found when analysed individually. Both citizen science and professional databases contain invaluable information on biodiversity but every database comes with a particular history and its stored data is the result of years of field sampling with heterogeneous goals, sampling methods and sampling effort. Consequently, raw observations should not be used directly as an ideal survey of the distribution or abundance of birds. We need to uncover these biases and develop new methods to properly incorporate the extensive and heterogeneous biodiversity data that is readily available to research. Galván, S., Barrientos, R. & Varela, S. (2022). No bird database is perfect: citizen science and professional datasets contain different and complementary biodiversity information. Citizen science has become a powerful tool for collecting big data on biodiversity. However, concerns have been raised about potential biases in these new datasets. We aimed to test whether citizen science bird databases have more biases than professional scientific databases. Our hypotheses were 1) citizen science databases will have more data on “easy to spot” species, that are widely distributed and have large body sizes; whereas 2) professional databases will have more endangered species and species of special interest for research. We analysed six Spanish bird databases: three professional, two citizen science and one mixed database. Our results show that, in general, occurrences in citizen science databases are better explained by the studied variables than professional databases, but no clear differences were found when analysed individually. Both citizen science and professional databases contain invaluable information on biodiversity but every database comes with a particular history and its stored data is the result of years of field sampling with heterogeneous goals, sampling methods and sampling effort. Consequently, raw observations should not be used directly as an ideal survey of the distribution or abundance of birds. We need to uncover these biases and develop new methods to properly incorporate the extensive and heterogeneous biodiversity data that is readily available to research. Galván, S., Barrientos, R. & Varela, S. (2022). No bird database is perfect: citizen science and professional datasets contain different and complementary biodiversity information. Ardeola, 69: 97-114La ciencia ciudadana se ha convertido en una poderosa herramienta para recopilar datos sobre biodiversidad. Sin embargo, a pesar de su disponibilidad para ser utilizados en investigaciones científicas, sus posibles sesgos se encuentran bajo continuo debate. Por ello, en este trabajo pretendemos comprobar si estas bases de datos sobre avifauna de España presentan mayores sesgos que aquellas científico-profesionales. Nuestras hipótesis son: 1) las bases de datos ciudadanas recogerán un mayor número de aves “fáciles de detectar” (ampliamente distribuidas y con mayores tamaños corporales), mientras que 2) las bases de datos profesionales recogerán preferentemente especies en peligro de extinción o con algún interés científico específico. Para comprobarlo, analizamos seis bases de datos: tres profesionales, dos ciudadanas y una mixta. Nuestros resultados mostraron que, en general, las variables estudiadas explican mejor las observaciones de las bases de datos ciudadanas en comparación con aquellas de las bases de datos profesionales, aunque no se encontraron diferencias claras cuando se analizaron individualmente. Así, tanto las bases de datos ciudadanas como las profesionales poseen una información muy valiosa sobre biodiversidad, aunque cada una de ellas posee una historia particular y su información es el resultado de años de muestreo con objetivos, métodos y esfuerzos heterogéneos. En consecuencia, sus observaciones no deben utilizarse directamente como un reflejo ideal de la distribución o la abundancia de estas aves. Así, es necesario detectar estos sesgos y desarrollar nuevos métodos para incorporar esta gran cantidad de datos sobre biodiversidad en futuras investigaciones. Galván, S., Barrientos, R. y Varela, S. (2022). Las bases de datos de ciencia ciudadana y profesionales poseen información diferente y complementaria sobre la avifauna. Ardeola, 69: 97-11

Climate change and the increase of human population will threaten conservation of Asian cobras

Asian cobras (genus Naja) are venomous snakes distributed from the Middle East to Southeast Asia. Because cobras often live near humans settlements, they are responsible for a large part of snakebite incidents and as such pose a challenge for public health systems. In the light of growing human populations, correctly mapping the present and future ranges of Asian cobras is therefore important for both biological conservation and public health management. Here, we mapped the potential climatic niches of ten Asian cobra species for both the present and the future, with the aim to quantify changes in climate and human population densities relative to their current and future ranges. Our analyses reveal that cobras that are adapted to dry climates and inhabit islands have narrow climatic niches, while those of mainland species with larger geographic ranges are much wider. We also found a higher degree of fragmentation of future cobra distributions; within the next 50 years, Asian cobras will lose an average of around 60% of their current suitable climatic range. In the near future, Naja mandalayensis, N. sputatrix, N. samarensis, and N. philippinensis are likely to have no accessible suitable climate space left. Besides, a further increase of human populations in this region may also exponentially accelerate the effects of anthropogenic impacts. Solutions for conservation may involve awareness and appropriate use of law to overcome the rate of habitat degradation and the increase of animal trade of Asian cobras, while promoting investment on health systems to avoid snakebite fatalities.German Academic Exchange ServiceEuropean Research CouncilMuseum für Naturkunde – Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung (3498)Peer Reviewe

Fotobiografla dos traballos agrícolas a través das tempos.

Sin resume