Aprobación presidencial en Chile 2000-2012: Sus determinantes y su efecto en la toma de decisiones

Using a quantitative analysis of CEP polls from 2000 to 20012, this article studies the determinants of presidential approval in Chile. It also seeks to contribute to the research agenda relating to the impact of presidential approval on decision-making and the configuration of political cycles.  To do so, we analyze cabinet shuffles as possible responses to the publication of presidential approval levels. Amongst the possible findings of the econometric analysis is that the probability and influence of presidential approval are not constant in time, but depend on the president of the day. At the same time, there is no clear relationship between the publication of CEP poll results and strategic decision-making within the executive regarding cabinet configuration.    El artículo estudia los determinantes de la aprobación presidencial en Chile mediante análisis cuantitativo de los resultados de la encuesta CEP para el periodo 2000-2012. Por otra parte, se busca contribuir al desarrollo de una línea de investigación sobre el impacto de la aprobación presidencial en la toma de decisiones y la configuración de ciclos políticos. Para ello, se analizan los cambios de gabinete como posible respuesta a la divulgación de lascifras de aprobación presidencial. Entre los principales hallazgos del análisis econométrico se observa que la probabilidad de aprobación presidencial, y su influencia, no son constantes en el tiempo, sino que dependen del presidente de turno. Del mismo modo, no se observa un claro patrón de asociación entre la divulgación de resultados la encuesta CEP y la toma de decisiones estratégicas del ejecutivo, en materia de conformación de gabinetes.  

Diseño óptimo de parques eólicos con metaheurísticas poblacionales y técnicas de minería de datos utilizando procesamiento paralelo

El trabajo que se viene realizando en este grupo de investigación, está enfocado al estudio de tres líneas bien definidas en donde se vienen realizando diferentes trabajos. En cuanto a Metaheurísticas, el grupo ha adquirido en los últimos años una importante experiencia, siempre con el fin de producir versiones mejoradas de las mismas respecto a sus capacidades explorativas para su aplicación en muchos campos del mundo real. Asimismo, el campo de Minería de Datos fue incorporado al grupo como objeto de estudio y sus posibles aplicaciones en el último proyecto presentado y actualmente en ejecución cuyo principal objetivo es el uso de metaheurísticas en el campo de minería de datos para mejorar el desempeño de las técnicas de minería de datos o como técnicas de minería de datos en sí. Finalmente, en cuanto a Energía Eólica y la problemática de la instalación de parques eólicos, el grupo ha generado una fluida interacción con integrantes de un grupo de investigación especializados en energías renovables, considerando que los objetivos propuestos pueden ser alcanzados.Eje: Agentes y sistemas inteligentesRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic

Ancient DNA reveals the lost domestication history of South American camelids in northern Chile and across the Andes

The study of South American camelids and their domestication is a highly debated topic in zooarchaeology. Identifying the domestic species (alpaca and llama) in archaeological sites based solely on morphological data is challenging due to their similarity with respect to their wild ancestors. Using genetic methods also presents challenges due to the hybridization history of the domestic species, which are thought to have extensively hybridized following the Spanish conquest of South America that resulted in camelids slaughtered en-masse. In this study we generated mitochondrial genomes for 61 ancient South American camelids dated between 3,500 - 2,400 years before the present (Early Formative period) from two archaeological sites in Northern Chile (Tulán-54 and Tulán-85), as well as 66 modern camelid mitogenomes and 815 modern mitochondrial control region sequences from across South America. In addition, we performed osteometric analyses to differentiate big and small body size camelids. A comparative analysis of these data suggests that a substantial proportion of the ancient vicuña genetic variation has been lost since the Early Formative period as it is not present in modern specimens. Moreover, we propose a domestication hypothesis that includes an ancient guanaco population that no longer exists. Finally, we find evidence that interbreeding practices were widespread during the domestication process by the early camelid herders in the Atacama during the Early Formative period and predating the Spanish conquest

Anisotropy effects on the plasmonic response of nanoparticle dimers

We present an ab initio study of the anisotropy and atomic relaxation effects on the optical properties of nanoparticle dimers. Special emphasis is placed on the hybridization process of localized surface plasmons, plasmon-mediated photoinduced currents, and electric-field enhancement in the dimer junction. We show that there is a critical range of separations between the clusters (0.1–0.5 nm) in which the detailed atomic structure in the junction and the relative orientation of the nanoparticles have to be considered to obtain quantitative predictions for realistic nanoplasmonic devices. It is worth noting that this regime is characterized by the emergence of electron tunneling as a response to the driven electromagnetic field. The orientation of the particles not only modifies the attainable electric field enhancement but can lead to qualitative changes in the optical absorption spectrum of the system.We thankfully acknowledge financial support by the European Research Council (ERC-2010-AdG Proposal No. 267374 and ERC-2011-AdG Proposal No. 290891), the Spanish Government (Grants MAT2011-28581-C02-01, FIS2013-46159-C3-1-P, and MAT2014-53432-C5-5-R), and the Basque Country Government (Grupos Consolidados IT-578-13).Peer Reviewe

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Aprobación presidencial en Chile 2000-2012: Sus determinantes y su efecto en la toma de decisiones

Using a quantitative analysis of CEP polls from 2000 to 20012, this article studies the determinants of presidential approval in Chile. It also seeks to contribute to the research agenda relating to the impact of presidential approval on decision-making and the configuration of political cycles.  To do so, we analyze cabinet shuffles as possible responses to the publication of presidential approval levels. Amongst the possible findings of the econometric analysis is that the probability and influence of presidential approval are not constant in time, but depend on the president of the day. At the same time, there is no clear relationship between the publication of CEP poll results and strategic decision-making within the executive regarding cabinet configuration.    El artículo estudia los determinantes de la aprobación presidencial en Chile mediante análisis cuantitativo de los resultados de la encuesta CEP para el periodo 2000-2012. Por otra parte, se busca contribuir al desarrollo de una línea de investigación sobre el impacto de la aprobación presidencial en la toma de decisiones y la configuración de ciclos políticos. Para ello, se analizan los cambios de gabinete como posible respuesta a la divulgación de lascifras de aprobación presidencial. Entre los principales hallazgos del análisis econométrico se observa que la probabilidad de aprobación presidencial, y su influencia, no son constantes en el tiempo, sino que dependen del presidente de turno. Del mismo modo, no se observa un claro patrón de asociación entre la divulgación de resultados la encuesta CEP y la toma de decisiones estratégicas del ejecutivo, en materia de conformación de gabinetes.  

The multilevel society of proboscis monkeys with a possible patrilineal basis

テングザルの重層社会の解明 --父系的重層社会の可能性--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2024-01-09.Multilevel societies (MLS), which are characterized by two or more levels of social organization, are among the most complex primate social systems. MLS have only been recorded in a limited number of primates, including humans. The aim of this study was to investigate whether proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) form MLS in Sabah, Malaysia, and to genetically characterize their dispersal patterns. Association data were obtained through direct observation (35 months) and kinship data through genetic analysis, based on feces collected from ~ 200 individuals. The results strongly suggest that proboscis monkeys exhibit a form of MLS, with several core reproductive units and a bachelor group woven together into a higher-level band. Genetic analysis revealed that the females migrated randomly over short and long distances; however, the males tended to migrate relatively shorter distances than females. Furthermore, male-male dyads showed a slightly higher average relatedness than female-female dyads. Combined with the results of direct observations, we conclude that proboscis monkeys form MLS with at least two layers and a patrilineal basis. Since patrilineal MLS have been identified as an important step in the evolution of human societies, their convergent appearance in proboscis monkeys may help us understand the drivers of human social evolution