Medida de transmitancia de lentes oftálmicas y el uso de filtros de radiación UV y de luz azul

En el actual trabajo de fin de grado se realiza un estudio de la transmitancia en el espectro del UV y la luz azul de diferentes lentes oftálmicas blancas y de distintas categorías solares, con la finalidad de comprobar que cumplan con la normativa ISO8980-3:2003. Para este fin se ha empleado el espectrorradiómetro LI-COR1800, con el cual se han podido hacer medidas de transmitancia entre los 300 y los 1100 nm. Todos los resultados serán representados a través de gráficas comparativas que se comentarán e interpretarán. Las transmitancias espectrales medidas en el laboratorio señalan que diferentes materiales protegen en mayor o menor medida contra la radiación UV. Los filtros de luz azul son más eficaces en las longitudes de onda más cortas, y no específicamente para las emitidas por los dispositivos electrónicos. Solo una de las lentes oftálmicas probadas presentaba protección contra la región infrarroja. Este hecho podría ser muy relevante, ya que la mayoría de las lentes son tintadas y presentan valores bajos de transmitancia en el rango visible provocando una dilatación pupilar.This undergraduate thesis presents a study of the transmittance of UV and blue light of different ophthalmic lenses. White ophtalmic lenses and different solar categories are tested to check if they comply with ISO8980-3:2003 standard. For this purpose, the LI-COR1800 spectroradiometer is used, measuring spectral radiation between 300 and 1100 nm. All the results will be represented by comparative graphics, which will be discussed and interpreted. The spectral transmittances measured in lab point out different materials protect in greater or lesser extent against UV radiation. Blue light filters are more efficient at shorter wavelengths, not specifically for those wavelengths emitted from electronic devices. Only one of the ophthalmic lenses tested presented protection against the infrared region. This fact could be extremely relevant since most of the lenses are tinted and present low transmittance values in the visible range causing pupil dilation.Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y ÓpticaGrado en Óptica y Optometrí

Desarrollo de un sistema de análisis automático del fluorograma en ortoqueratología

La ortoqueratología (orto-K) ha mostrado ser eficaz para disminuir la progresión de la miopía adaptando lentes de geometría inversa en régimen de uso nocturno. Para adaptar estas lentes es necesario valorar el fluorograma (zonas de toque central, reserva lagrimal periférica, toque periférico y levantamiento de borde), si bien se recomienda valorar el efecto ortoqueratológico mediante topografía tras su uso al menos una noche. El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar si es posible estimar el efecto ortoqueratológico (diámetro de aplanamiento central) a partir de las medidas del fluorograma. Se han comparado las medidas del diámetro horizontal de las zonas central y medioperiférica nasal y temporal correspondientes al efecto ortoqueratológico medidas en el mapa topográfico axial y tangencial (OCULUS) con las del fluorograma (toque central y reservas lagrimales nasal y temporal) medidas con un algoritmo propio (MatLab) en 80 ojos adatados con orto-K, proponiendo un modelo de regresión (step-wise) a partir de las medidas del fluorograma y parámetros de las lentes de contacto adaptadas. Las medidas del mapa axial y tangencial (centrales y de la medioperiferia) mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (P≤0,01). El diámetro topográfico central no correlaciona (P=0,08 con topografía axial y R2=0,09, P=0,02 con topografía tangencial) con el diámetro de toque central del fluorograma (P≤0,01). Tras su ajuste con un modelo de regresión lineal (fluorograma central y zonas de reserva lagrimal nasal y temporal) esta correlación mejoró (R2>0,24) estimando el valor topográfico central axial o tangencial (P>0,199). Finalmente se ha mejorado el modelo (R2=0,41; P<0,01 para la topografía axial y R2=0,34; P<0,01 para la topografía tangencial) que estima un diámetro horizontal de tratamiento similar (P=0,82 para la topografía axial y P=0,97 para la tangencial) introduciendo diferentes variables del fluorograma o las lentes adaptadas. El análisis del fluorograma podría permitir estimar el efecto ortoqueratológico, si bien las diferencias entre los valores topográficos axiales y tangenciales sugieren que es necesaria más investigación para determinar que mapa topográfico emplear en la valoración del efecto ortoqueratológico. También es necesario validar los modelos encontrados (nueva muestra) y optimizar y automatizar el análisis del fluorograma que permitirá disponer de datos objetivos para futuros estudios y/o ensayos clínicosDepartamento de Cirugía, Oftalmología, Otorrinolaringología y FisioterapiaMáster en Investigación en Ciencias de la Visió

La estimulación del lenguaje oral a través de la narración oral de cuentos: un proyecto para el aula de Educación Infantil

Este trabajo pretende mostrar la importancia del desarrollo del lenguaje oral en la etapa de Educación Infantil. Durante esta etapa educativa es el momento en el que la lengua oral se desarrolla de manera más significativa en todos sus niveles: fonológico, léxico-semántico, morfosintáctico y pragmático; y por ello es fundamental un tratamiento específico desde las aulas de Educación Infantil. Uno de los principales recursos que permiten estimular el desarrollo oral del lenguaje son los cuentos. Por este motivo se ha elaborado un proyecto de intervención para el desarrollo del lenguaje oral partiendo de una adaptación de la obra de Don Quijote de la Mancha.Grado en Educación Infanti

Passive discomfort index as an alternative to predicted mean vote and predicted percentage of dissatisfied to assess occupant’s thermal discomfort in dwellings

Besides energy poverty, a certain tolerance to discomfort justifies Portugal's low heating energy consumption. Once Portuguese buildings stock, previous to 1990, has a weak energy performance, it is crucial to reflect on how to make renovations with more assertive benefits (besides energy), such as those related to the health and comfort of occupants. Hence, we have studied a single house in the TRNSYS dynamic simulation tool. We performed a sensitivity analysis by simulating the same building in three locations based on Portuguese climatic winter zones: I1 – Santarém, I2 – Santa Maria da Feira, and I3 – Guarda, for two ranges of wall insulation thickness, in free float. Considering Fanger's Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) as the Passive Discomfort Index IDP, results suggest that lowering 20 mm on the insulation thickness does not substantially impact occupants' discomfort in winter. As the variations between scenarios considering PPD > 15%, PMV < -1, or IDP (Tair < 18 ºC) are very similar, IDP could be an alternative to PMV/PPD for assessing thermal discomfort in dwellings.publishe

Histochemistry evaluation of the oxidative stress and the antioxidant status in Cu-supplemented cattle

The aim of this paper is to evaluate at a histopathological level the effect of the most commonly used copper (Cu) supplementation (15 mg/kg dry matter (DM)) in the liver of intensively reared beef cattle. This was done by a histochemistry evaluation of (i) the antioxidant capacity in the liver – by the determination of metallothioneins (MT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression – as well as (ii) the possible induction of oxidative damage – by the determination of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine (NITT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-oxoguanine (8-oxo) – that (iii) could increase apoptotic cell death – determined by cytochrome-c (cyto-c), caspase 1 (casp1) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Liver samples from Cu-supplemented (15 mg Cu sulphate/kg DM, n = 5) and non-supplemented calves (n = 5) that form part of other experiments to evaluate Cu status were collected at slaughter and processed for immunohistochemistry and TUNEL. MT expression was diffuse and SOD showed slight changes although without statistical significance. iNOS and NITT positive (+) cells significantly increased, mainly around the central veins in the animals from the Cu-supplemented group, whereas no differences were appreciated for the rest of the oxidative stress and apoptosis markers. Under the conditions of this study, which are the conditions of the cattle raised in intensive systems in NW Spain and also many European countries, routinely Cu supplementation increased the risk of the animals to undergo subclinical Cu toxicity, with no significant changes in the Cu storage capacity and the antioxidant defensive system evaluated by MT and SOD expression, but with a significant and important increase of oxidative damage measured by iNOS and NITT. The results of this study indicated that iNOS and NITT could be used as early markers of initial pathological changes in the liver caused by Cu supplementation in cattle, although more studies in cattle under different levels of Cu supplementation are neededThis work was supported by the Xunta de Galicia (Spain) through contract 07MRU030261PR and by a research grant María Barbeito awarded to M. García-Vaquero by the Dirección Xeral de Investigación, Desenvolvemento e Innovación from Xunta de Galicia and to FSE (Fondo Social Europeo) funds through Programa de Recursos Humanos, do Plan Galego de Investigación, Desenvolvemento e Innovación Tecnolóxica de GaliciaS

Seasonal Variation of the Proximate Composition, Mineral Content, Fatty Acid Profiles and Other Phytochemical Constituents of Selected Brown Macroalgae

The main objective was to determine the chemical, phytochemical, fatty acid and mineral profiles of three commercially relevant brown macroalgae (Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea and Ascophyllum nodosum) collected each season for two years off the west coast of Ireland. All the chemical, phytochemical, fatty acid and minerals analysed varied significantly depending on the macroalgal species, season and year of collection. Overall, the protein contents of macroalgae were negatively correlated with carbohydrate content. Protein (2–11%) was at its highest during winter and/or spring, decreasing to a minimum during summer and/or autumn. The three macroalgal species analysed in this study had clearly differentiated fatty acid profiles. The concentration of fatty acids was higher in A. nodosum compared with both Laminaria species. The mineral profile of the three macroalgal species was rich in essential metals, particularly Ca, Mg and P, while the levels of I were approximately 9- to 10-fold higher in both Laminaria spp. compared with A. nodosum. The levels of toxic metals (Cd, Hg and Pb) in all the macroalgal species studied were low in the current study; while the levels of total As were high (49–64 mg/kg DW macroalgae) compared with previous reportsThis work was supported by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) (grant number: 14/IA/2548)S

La profession d’enseignant dans les centres d’éducation secondaire et supérieure

El trabajo que se presenta consiste en una representación de dos actividades que plasman un conjunto de saberes adquiridos durante el Máster. Se pretende, pues, aplicar aquello aprendido durante este período de estudios de una manera práctica y aplicable en mi futuro como docente.<br /

Performance monitoring in lung cancer patients pre- and post-chemotherapy using fine-grained electrophysiological measures

No previous event-related potentials (ERPs) study has explored the error-related negativity (ERN) - an ERP component indexing performance monitoring - associated to cancer and chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment in a lung cancer population. The aim of this study was to examine differences in performance monitoring in a small-cell lung cancer group (SCLC, C+) 1-month following chemotherapy and two control groups: a non-small cell lung cancer patient group (NSCLC, C-) prior to chemotherapy and a healthy control group (HC). Seventeen SCLC (C+) underwent a neuropsychological assessment and an ERP study using a flanker and a stop-signal paradigm. This group was compared to fifteen age-, gender-and education-matched NSCLC (C-) and eighteen HC. Between 20 and 30% of patients in both lung cancer groups (C+ and C-) met criteria for cognitive impairment. Concerning ERPs, lung cancer patients showed lower overall hit rate and a severe ERN amplitude reduction compared to HC. Lung cancer patients exhibited an abnormal pattern of performance monitoring thus suggesting that chemotherapy and especially cancer itself, may contribute to cognitive deterioration. ERN appeared as an objective laboratory tool sensitive to cognitive dysfunction in cancer population

Diseño a medida de sondas de superficie para IRM

[Abstract] Congreso Nacional de Radiología 23, organizado por la Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica, Palma de Mallorca, 18 - 22 mayo 199

Residential building rehabilitation in Porto historic center: case study analysis by using a simulation model

Nowadays, rehabilitation in historic centers can become a challenge due to the restrictions concerning the requirements for the building envelope. Portugal has conducted studies to define the maximum U values [W/(m2 K)] for single building components based on the indoor temperature. Despite the relative humidity being crucial for thermal comfort, the current Portuguese scheme for energy certification of buildings does not consider it. Additionally, it is essential to know that most of the dwellings in Portugal are in a fleet-float regime due to cultural habits and energy poverty. Therefore, increasing the insulation thickness of exterior walls might not have a relevant impact on the indoor temperature. There is even the risk of harming the authenticity of the built heritage. Using a calibrated dynamic simulation model developed with TRNSYS software, we found that, in winter, the effect of external wall insulation on the indoor temperature is tiny. Results suggest that maximum U values [W/(m2 K)] for exterior walls might be over-defined. Further studies of cost-optimal levels should be conducted with calibrated models in a free-float regime to define the maximum U values [W/(m2 K)] of external walls for this type of buildings.publishe