PRA RANCANGAN PABRIK DETERJEN BUBUK DARI ALKYLBENZENE DAN OLEUM DENGAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI 40.000 TON/TAHUN

ABSTRAKPrarancangan pabrik Deterjen Bubuk ini menggunakan bahan baku alkylbenzene dan Oleum 20%. Alkylbenzene diperoleh dari PT. Unggul Indah Cahaya, sementara Oleum 20% diperoleh dari PT Indonesian Acids Industry. Kapasitas produksi pabrik ini adalah 40.000 Ton/Tahun dengan hari kerja 330 hari/tahun. Bentuk perusahaan yang direncanakan adalah Perseroan Terbatas (PT) dengan menggunakan metode struktur garis dan staf. Kebutuhan tenaga kerja untuk menjalankan perusahaan ini berjumlah 143 orang. Lokasi pabrik direncanakan didirikan di Desa Gerem, Kecamatan Pulomerak, Kota Cilegon, Banten, dengan luas tanah 10.000 m2. Sumber air pabrik ini berasal dari Sungai Ciujung, Kota Cilegon, Banten dengan total kebutuhan air sebesar 42617,86 kg/jam, serta untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik sebesar 1,3 MW diperoleh dari generator diesel. Hasil analisa ekonomi yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut : 1.Fixed Capital Investment (FCI)= Rp. 119.367.004.7402.Working Capital Investment (WCI)= Rp. 56.403.749.5443.Total Capital Investment (TCI)= Rp. 175.770.754.2844.Total Production Cost (TPC)= Rp. 676.844.994.5255.Sales Cost (SC)= Rp. 748.000.000.0006.Laba Bersih= Rp. 53.366.254.1067.Pay Out Time (POT)= 4,5 tahun 8.Break Event Point (BEP)= 54%9.Internal Rate of Return (IRR)= 22

Strategic planning to build transformational preparedness : an application of enterprise architecture practice

Enterprises are continuously evolving systems; this evolution can be directed or emergent. Enterprise transformation has special aspects due to the enterprise being a socio-technical system whereupon evolution happens on the levels of individuals / humans / organisation, on the level of the technology and on the level of the Information Systems that integrates the activities performed by humans and by technology. Furthermore, changes are typically continuous, due partly to external factors and partly to strategic foresights. Either way, transformation needs to happen so that the enterprise can keep satisfying its objectives. An important transformation mechanism is to perform mergers or acquisitions (M&amp;As). Interestingly, literature reveals that an unacceptably high percentage of M&amp;As do not achieve the aimed objectives and (as we demonstrate) the success of such trajectory depends on several factors. This article proposes a methodology to overcome potential problems by making necessary anticipatory transformations opening up a possibility to perform M&amp;As with a better chance of success.<br /

An in silico MS/MS library for automatic annotation of novel FAHFA lipids.

BackgroundA new lipid class named 'fatty acid esters of hydroxyl fatty acids' (FAHFA) was recently discovered in mammalian adipose tissue and in blood plasma and some FAHFAs were found to be associated with type 2 diabetes. To facilitate the automatic annotation of FAHFAs in biological specimens, a tandem mass spectra (MS/MS) library is needed. Due to the limitation of the commercial available standard compounds, we proposed building an in silico MS/MS library to extend the coverage of molecules.ResultsWe developed a computer-generated library with 3267 tandem mass spectra (MS/MS) for 1089 FAHFA species. FAHFA spectra were generated based on authentic standards with negative mode electrospray ionization and 10, 20, and 40&nbsp;V collision induced dissociation at 4 spectra/s as used in in ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-QTOF mass spectrometry studies. However, positional information of the hydroxyl group is only obtained either at lower QTOF spectra acquisition rates of 1 spectrum/s or at the MS(3) level in ion trap instruments. Therefore, an additional set of 4290 fragment-rich MS/MS spectra was created to enable distinguishing positional FAHFA isomers. The library was generated based on ion fragmentations and ion intensities of FAHFA external reference standards, developing a heuristic model for fragmentation rules and extending these rules to large swaths of computer-generated structures of FAHFAs with varying chain lengths, degrees of unsaturation and hydroxyl group positions. Subsequently, we validated the new in silico library by discovering several new FAHFA species in egg yolk, showing that this library enables high-throughput screening of FAHFA lipids in various biological matrices.ConclusionsThe developed library and templates are freely available for commercial or noncommercial use at http://fiehnlab.ucdavis.edu/staff/yanma/fahfa-lipid-library. This in silico MS/MS library allows users to annotate FAHFAs from accurate mass tandem mass spectra in an easy and fast manner with NIST MS Search or PepSearch software. The developing template is provided for advanced users to modify the parameters and export customized libraries according to their instrument features. Graphical abstractExample of experimental and in silico MS/MS spectra for FAHFA lipids

Holographic Data Storage Technology- The future of Data Storage

In the present times technological advancement has grown at rapid rate. Today most of the people are using smart devices which comprises of various kinds of technologies. One of the most important factor in using technology is to store digital data. Presently most of the work are done using digital devices such as computers and mobiles and people need to store their data in devices but the device has limited amount of storage. So need arises to store more amount of data using less space. For this purpose we need to invent storage technologies which helps people to store more amount of data. In order to meet demands of greater storage there are various storage technologies such as different types of ROM, optical storage discs, USB flash drives which uses different technologies to store data. This paper focuses on Holographic data storage technology which helps people to store large amount of data

A comparison of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and clonidine as adjuvants to hyperbaric bupivacaine for gynecological surgery

Background: Various adjuvants are being used with local anesthetics for prolongation of intraoperative and post-operative analgesia. Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective alpha2 adrenergic agonist, is a new neuraxial adjuvant gaining popularity. The purpose of this study was to compare the onset, duration of sensory and motor block, hemodynamic effects, post-operative analgesia, and adverse effects of dexmedetomidine and clonidine with hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia.Methods: 60 patients belonging to ASA Grade 1 and 2 undergoing elective gynecological surgery under spinal anesthesia were studied in this prospective. The patients were allocated in two groups (30 patients each). Group bupivacaine + clonidine (BC) received 17.5 mg of bupivacaine supplemented 45 mcg clonidine and Group bupivacaine + dexmedetomidine (BD) received 17.5 mg bupivacaine supplemented 5 mcg dexmedetomidine. The onset time of sensory and motor level, time to reach peak sensory and motor level, the regression time of sensory and motor level, hemodynamic changes, and side effects were recorded.Results: Patients in Group BD had significantly longer sensory and motor block time than patients in Group BC. The onset time to reach dermatome T4 and modified Bromage3 motor block were not significantly different between two groups. Dexmedetomidine group showed significantly less and delayed requirement of rescue analgesic.Conclusion: Intrathecal dexmedetomidine is associated with prolonged motor and sensory block, hemodynamic stability and reduced demand of rescue analgesic in 24 hrs as compared to clonidine

“A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding Shaken Baby Syndrome among community people at selected area of Kheda District”

Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) occurs in infants when subjected to excessive acceleration–deceleration of the head. SBS was first pointed out by Norman Guthkelch, who noticed that infants with subdural hematoma did not always have gross markings, which signified the shaking of a baby as a possibility. Rotational force pushes the brain against the skull leading to various types of injuries to the&nbsp;head and neck

Invitro study of the photodynamic inactivation of cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans - reference strain

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the in vitro antimicrobial effect of 5 photosensitizers: methylene blue(MB), FotoSan® and 3 types of methalphtalocyanines on the reference strain Streptococcus mutans.Materials and methods: A bacterial suspension at a density of 106 cells / ml. is used. An incubation mixture of 1 ml. bacterial suspension (106 Cl./ml.) and the corresponding PS is prepared, achieving a final concentration of PS 1-6 μl. Controls: bacterial suspension in the dark; with irradiation, bacterial suspension + PS in the dark. Sample: bacterial suspension + PS + irradiation. Diode laser with a wavelength of 600 nm is used for irradiation. There are also cultures from controls and samples after preliminary 10-fold dilutions (106; 105; 104; 103; 102;) 6 samples and controls for each tested PS after 24 h incubation at 37º C are reported.Results: The control samples in dark and toxicity only after laser radiation laser show a weak antimicrobial effect. Exception for the Ga(ІІІ)-phtalocyanines-serious dark toxicity. Samples of bacterial suspension + PS + diode laser irradiation showed strong antibacterial effect on St. Mutans with small differences in all tested PSs.Conclusion: The conducted testing demonstrated that the six tested PS show strong antimicrobial effect in the strain reference of S. Mutans, with some small differences between the tested PS

Adverse drug reaction monitoring on antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus patients in a tertiary care hospital

Background: The aim of current study was to assess the pattern of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients receiving antiretroviral (ARV) therapy.Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried out for duration of 15 months. Clinical and treatment data were collected from patients, who underwent ARV therapy during the study period. CDSCO forms were used to record the ADRs. Causality, severity and preventability were assessed by suitable scales.Result: Out of 216 patients 165 (76%) patients develop ADRs. Total of 274 ADRs were noted among 165 patients (1.66 ADR/patient). Out of them 100 (60.60%) were males and 65 (39.39%) were females. The most common ADR was gastrointestinal disorders (83, 30.29%). The most numbers of ADRs were observed in ZLN (Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Nevirapine) regimen (54%) followed by SLN (Stavudine + Lamivudine + Nevirapine) regimen (26%). According to WHO causality assessment scale most ADRs were possible (236, 86.13%). Hartwig and Siegel severity scale show 243 (88.69%) ADRs were moderate. Schumock and Thornton scale show all, ADRs were “not preventable.”Conclusion: Early detection of drug toxicity helps to treat the patient and modify the drug regimen to minimize toxic effects