Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) occurs in infants when subjected to excessive acceleration–deceleration of the head. SBS was first pointed out by Norman Guthkelch, who noticed that infants with subdural hematoma did not always have gross markings, which signified the shaking of a baby as a possibility. Rotational force pushes the brain against the skull leading to various types of injuries to the&nbsp;head and neck

Simran Chauhan, Smit Vaghela, Sneha vaniya, Tinkal Thakor, Trupti Chandana, Mr. Jyot Darji, Mrs. Angel Christion

English

Journal Of Advanced Zoology

             Journal of Advanced Zoology ISSN: 0253-7214 Volume 45 Special Issue 02 Year 2023 Page 1572:1580           ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1572 Available online at: https://jazindia.com “A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding Shaken Baby Syndrome among community people at selected area of Kheda District” Simran Chauhan1, Smit Vaghela2, Sneha vaniya3, Tinkal Thakor4, Trupti Chandana5, Mr. Jyot Darji6, Mrs. Angel Christion7 1-5. Final Year B.Sc. nursing, Dinsha Patel college of nursing, Nadiad 6.M.Sc.  Nursing Tutor, Dinsha Patel college of nursing, Nadiad 7.M.Sc. Nursing Tutor, Dinsha Patel college of nursing, Nadiad Corresponding author: Mr. Jyot Darji (Email ID: darjijyot@gmail.com,CC: snehavaniya2001@gmail.com) Address; Dinsha Patel College of Nursing, Behind Hyundai Showroom, College Road, Nadiad, Kheda District, Gujarat- 387001. Article History Received: 12 March 2023 Revised: 21 August 2023 Accepted: 09 October 2023                   ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) occurs in infants when subjected to excessive acceleration–deceleration of the head. SBS was first pointed out by Norman Guthkelch, who noticed that infants with subdural hematoma did not always have gross markings, which signified the shaking of a baby as a possibility. Rotational force pushes the brain against the skull leading to various types of injuries to the head and neck. Aims: The goal of the study is to assess and improve the knowledge regarding Shaken Baby Syndrome among community people of Kheda District. Methodology: DESIGN AND SETTING: Quasi experimental Design (one group pre-test post-test design) was used in this study A Non probability Purposive Sampling technique was used to drawn samples. The tool validation from various experts, all questions were given to the community people and inform consent form also has been conducted for data collection from the samples. Prior to data collection written setting permission obtain from Medical Officer, Chief Medical Officer of various PHC, CHC and Chief District Health Officer of Kheda District. The total sample size was 80 samples. The tool consists of following  SECTION A: Sociodemographic variables SECTION B: Structure knowledge Questionnaire Results: The study reveals that the level of knowledge among “A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding Shaken Baby Syndrome among community people at selected area of Kheda District” 1573 Available online at: https://jazindia.com            CC License CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0 community people, In the pre-test 4(5%) of community people had good knowledge, 18(22.5%) had Moderate knowledge and 58(72.5%) of them poor knowledge. After intervention of planned teaching method, in the Post-test 3(3.8%) community people had Poor knowledge, 42(52.5%) had moderate knowledge and 35 (43.8%) people had good knowledge. The mean score and mean percentage for the pre-test knowledge is 9.3750 and 36.78%. The mean score and mean percentage for the post-test knowledge is 16.1125 and 63.21%. The calculated paired t-test value is 20.286 **with a degree of freedom (dfs) of 79. The result is statistically significant with a p-value (Sig.) of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. Conclusion: The study concluded that further research and intervention can build upon these finding to continue improving education approaches and curriculum development in community people.   KEY WORDS: Shaken baby syndrome, Knowledge, USA, Indian city slums  INTRODUCTION: One of the skills all parents and caregivers need to learn is how to cope with stress. This is especially important when there seems to be no end to a baby’s crying. Reacting impulsively in anger or frustration can be harmful or deadly. Babies are not able to fully support their heavy heads. Because of this, violently and forcefully shaking a baby’s brain to be injured.1 Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) occurs in infants when subjected to excessive acceleration–deceleration of the head. SBS was first pointed out by Norman Guthkelch, who noticed that infants with subdural hematoma did not always have gross markings, which signified the shaking of a baby as a possibility. Rotational force pushes the brain against the skull leading to various types of injuries to the head and neck2 The prognosis is poor and approximately 25% of infants die of SBS within days or weeks. Approximately 75% of survivors suffer from long term damage with physical, handicaps, hearing loss, visual disturbance up to blindness and mental disorders or combination of these conditions (Article in German,2009).3 The number one reason given for shaking a baby is, “I just wanted the crying to stop. “Shaking usually occurs when parents, babysitters, or other care givers become frustrated and lose control because of persisted crying.4 Doctors often fail to identify the cause of head trauma in children who suffer from SBS because children usually do not show outward signs of trauma. According to analysis of German Police Statistics for the year 2006 indicates an annual incidence of around 30 cases of abuse and three homicidal deaths per 100000 children under the age of 6 years. Surveys carried out in the USA, 50% to 75% of teenagers and young adults stated they did not know that shaking was dangerous and between 2.6% and 4.4% of the parents of children under 2 years of age reported they had shaken their child at least once.5 “A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding Shaken Baby Syndrome among community people at selected area of Kheda District” 1574 Available online at: https://jazindia.com National Centre for Shaken Baby Syndrome (USA) estimates that each year between 1200 to 1400 children are injured by abusive head injuries annually in USA. According to Shaken Baby Alliance 199 children died from Shaken Baby Syndrome in Texas in 2021.6 According to California Evidenced Based Clearing House, the period of purple crying program is the name given to Shaken Baby Syndrome prevention program developed by National Centre on SBS. The letter PURPLE stands for,         P: Peak pattern (crying peaks around 2 months, then decreases)         U: Unpredictable (crying for long periods can come and go for no reason)         R: Resistant to soothing (the baby may keep crying for long periods)         P: Pain-like on face         L: Long bouts of crying (crying can go on for hours)         E: Evening crying (baby cries more in the afternoon and evening)          A major step that is required on the part of the government is that of spreading awareness among the general public about the danger of shaking an infant. Many people shake child for stopping them from crying without any intention of causing harm. And since shaking does not show any external injuries, many people believe that it is right to do so.7 Objectives: 1. To assess pretest –posttest level of knowledge on Shaken Baby Syndrome among community people at Kheda District. 2. To asses effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding Shaken Baby Syndrome among community people at Kheda District. 3. To find association between demographic variable and pretest knowledge on Shaken Baby Syndrome among community people at Kheda District. Hypothesis H1- There will be significant difference in knowledge of community people regarding Shaken Baby Syndrome before and after of intervention. H2- There will be a significant association between the pre-test score among community people on knowledge regarding Shaken Baby Syndrome with their selected demographic variable. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Research Approach: A quantitative Approach was used in this study. Research design: Quasi experimental Design (one group pre-test post-test design.)  Variables: 1.Demographic Variable: In this study Gender, Age, Types of family, Marital status, Occupation, Education, Religion, Area of Residency, Attend Program. 2.Reaseach Variable: Research variable are qualities, properties or characteristics which are observed or measured in natural settings without manipulating or imposing the effect of intervention or treatment. Sample Size: The sample size for the study was 80 of Kheda district. Sampling criteria:  Tool For Data collection: “A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding Shaken Baby Syndrome among community people at selected area of Kheda District” 1575 Available online at: https://jazindia.com Section A: The demographic variable in that Gender, Age, Types of family, Marital status, Occupation, Education, Religion, Area of residency etc…was used in this study. Section B: The structure knowledge Questionnaire and planned teaching program was used in the study. Procedure For Data Collection: The Knowledge Assessment Tool was administered to the people. time take by each respondent for filling the questionnaire the question was average 10-15 minutes. A developed planned teaching programme was Implemented to people. STASTICAL ANALYSIS/RESULT SECTION 1 Table 1.1: Analysis of Socio Demographic variable of community people.   SR NO DEMOGRAPHIC DATA FREQUANCY N=80 PERCENTAGE (%) 1. Gender  Male Female Other 14 66 00 17.5% 82.5% 00 2. Age      20-30 years 31-40 years 41-50 years 51-60 years          26 29 18 7        32.5% 36.3% 22.5% 8.8% 3. Types of family  Nuclear Joint Extended 19 59 2 23.8% 73.8% 2.5% 4. Marital status  Married Unmarried Widow 65 14 1 81.3% 17.5% 1.3% 5.Occupation  Labor work House wife Job(Govt.Private) Business or other 6 47 19 8 7.5% 58.8% 23.8% 10.0% 6.Education  Illiterate Primary Secondary Graduate and above 1 12 41 26 1.3% 15.0% 51.0% 32.5% 7. Religion  Hindu Muslim Christian 74 2 4 92.5% 2.5% 5.0% 8. Area of residency Urban Rural 50 30 62.5% 37.5% 9.Attended      program Yes No 00 80 00% 100% “A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding Shaken Baby Syndrome among community people at selected area of Kheda District” 1576 Available online at: https://jazindia.com  SECTION-2  Table 2.1: Assessment of pretest and post-test Knowledge Regarding Shaken baby syndrome. Sr.no Level of Knowledge Pretest knowledge Post test knowledge 1. Good Knowledge 4(5%) 35(43.8%) 2. Moderate Knowledge  18(22.5%) 42(52.5%) 3. Poor Knowledge 58(2.5%) 3(3.8%) Total  80(100%) 80(100%)  The Above table show Frequency and percentage distribution community people According to pretest and posttests level of knowledge regarding Shaken baby syndrome.  GRAPH 2.1: Mean, Frequency, Standard Deviation, Standard Error Mean of community people in pretest and posttest level of knowledge regarding Shaken baby syndrome.      The above table 2.2 show the knowledge in pretest the mean 9.3750 and standard deviation 3.53777. Post-test knowledge the mean score 16.1125 standard deviation was 2.37067. SECTION 3 Effectiveness of planned teaching program on Shaken baby syndrome       among community people before and after.  72.50% 3.80% 22.50% 52.50% 5% 43.80% 0.00%10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%80.00%pretest posttestPRETEST POSTEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE Knowledge  Mean Standard Deviation Pre-test 9.3750 3.53777 Post-test 16.1125 2.37067 “A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding Shaken Baby Syndrome among community people at selected area of Kheda District” 1577 Available online at: https://jazindia.com Table 3.1: Paired t-test analysis for the significance effectiveness of planned teaching program pre-test and post-test knowledge regarding Shaken baby syndrome among community people. n=80 Knowledge Max Score Enhancement Score Paired  t-test P- value Mean SD Overall  Knowledge 23 6.73750 2.89366 20.286** S df=79 P<0.05 Sig.=0.000 Table 3.2: Mean and mean percentage of pre-test and post-test, and Enhancement mean scores regarding Shaken baby syndrome among community people. Mean score and Mean Percentage Calculated Paired T-Test value Pre-test  Knowledge Post-test  Knowledge Knowledge Enhancement Score 9.3750 16.1125 6.73750 20.286** S df=79 P<0.05, Sig.=0.000 36.78% 63.21% 26.43% Table 3.2 shows that the mean scores and mean percentages for the pre-test knowledge and post-test knowledge enhancement score are as follows: Pre-Test Knowledge: Mean Score: 9.3750                                        Mean Percentage:36.78% Post Test Knowledge Enhancement Score: Mean Score: 16.1125                                      Mean Percentage: 63.21% The calculated paired t-test value is 20.286 **with a degree of freedom (df) of 79. The result is statistically significant with a p-value (Sig.) of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. The findings indicate a significant improvement in the post-test knowledge enhancement score compared to the pre-test knowledge. The mean score increased from 9.3750 to 16.1125, representing a 26.43% improvement in mean percentage. SECTION 41                                         GRAPH 4.1: Association between Posttest Knowledge score regarding Shaken baby syndrome among community people with their selected demographic variables 0%50%100%Pretest Posttest Enhancement37% 63.21% 26.43% MEAN PERCENTAGE “A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding Shaken Baby Syndrome among community people at selected area of Kheda District” 1578 Available online at: https://jazindia.com   Demographic data F % Level of knowledge χ2 value Tabulated value  p-value Good Moderate Poor Gender Male Female Other  14 66 00  17.5% 82.5% 00%  6 29 00  6 36 00  2 1 0  5.327 (df=2)  P<0.05 Sig.0.070 Age in years 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60  26 29 18 07  32.5% 36.3% 22.5% 8.8%  13 13 08 01  12 15 10 05  01 01 00 01  5.098 (df=6)  P<0.05 Sig.0.531 Type of family Nuclear Joint Extended  19 59 02  23.8% 73.8% 2.5%  09 24 02  10 32 00  00 03 00  3.782 (df=4)  P<0.05 Sig.0.436 Marital Status Married  Unmarried Widow  65 14 01  81.3% 17.5% 1.3%  28 06 01  35 07 00  02 01 00  1.842 (df=4)  P<0.05 Sig.0.765 Occupation Labor work House wife  Job Business or other  06 47 19 08  7.5% 58.8% 23.8% 10.0%  02 20 10 03  04 26 09 03  00 01 00 02  12.218 (df=6)  P<0.05 Sig.0.057   Education Illiterate Primary  Secondary Graduate and above  01 12 41 26  1.3% 15.0% 51.2% 32.5%  00 04 15 16  00 07 25 10  01 01 01 00  31.776 (df=6)  P<0.05 Sig.0.000 Religion Hindu Muslim Christian  74 02 04  92.5% 2.5% 5.0%  31 01 03  40 01 01  03 00 00  1.825 (df= 4)  P<0.05 Sig.0.768 Area of residency Rural Urban  30 50  37.5% 62.5%  16 19  13 29  01 02  1.798 (df= 2)  P<0.05 Sig.0.407 Attended program Yes No  00 80  00 100%  00 35  00 42  03 03 No statistics are computed because attended any program is a constant. “A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding Shaken Baby Syndrome among community people at selected area of Kheda District” 1579 Available online at: https://jazindia.com Table 4.1 Association between Posttest Knowledge Score on SBS and Selected Demographic Variables among community people. CONCLUSION Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the video-assisted teaching method was effective in enhancing knowledge regarding SBS among community people. The significant improvement in knowledge scores indicates the positive impact of the intervention on the participants understanding of the topic. The study highlights the importance of utilizing Effectiveness of planned teaching program on SBS video-assisted teaching methods in community people before and after to enhance knowledge acquisition and understanding of complex topics. The results support the use to improve knowledge regarding shaken baby syndrome in community people at selected area of Kheda. RECOMMENDATION  A similar study can be implicated using a large sample so that findings can be generalized for a large population. A comparative study can be conducted in order compare the knowledge and attitude about SBS. A similar study can be undertaken with control group design. A similar study can be done to detect the SBS cases. CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors certify that not be involved in any organization or entity with any financial or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this paper.    FUNDING SOURCE: Self-funded REFRENCES 1. Shaken baby syndrome: Protect your infant from abusive head trauma [Internet]. Healthychildren.org. Available from: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/Abusive-Head-Trauma-Shaken-Baby-Syndrome.aspx 2. Thiblin, I., Andersson, J., Wester, K., Wikström, J., Högberg, G., & Högberg, U. (2020). Medical findings and symptoms in infants exposed to witnessed or admitted abusive shaking: A nationwide registry study. PloS One, 15(10), e0240182. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240182 3. Reith, W., Rohrer, T., Ahlhelm, F., & Papanagiotou, P. (2009). Shaken-baby-Syndrome. Der Radiologe, 49(10), 926–931. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-009-1839-6 4. Never ever shake A baby. (2011, September 13). Kids Health NZ. https://www.kidshealth.org.nz/never-ever-shake-baby 5. Matschke, J., Herrmann, B., Sperhake, J., Körber, F., Bajanowski, T., & Glatzel, M. (2009). Shaken Baby Syndrome. Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 106(13), 211. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2009.0211 6. Joyce, T., Gossman, W., & Huecker, M. R. (2023). Paediatricss Abusive Head Trauma. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29763011/ “A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding Shaken Baby Syndrome among community people at selected area of Kheda District” 1580 Available online at: https://jazindia.com 7. Preventable Tragedy, A. (n.d.). Shaken Baby Syndrome: Cdc.gov. Retrieved September19, 2023, from https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/SBSMediaGuide.pdf        

“A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding Shaken Baby Syndrome among community people at selected area of Kheda District”

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“A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding Shaken Baby Syndrome among community people at selected area of Kheda District”

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Journal Of Advanced Zoology