Aluksi ajattelin, että: ”Apua! Tietokoneita ja paljon nörtteilyä”:ensimmäisen vuosikurssin opiskelijoiden käsitykset teknologiapainotteisesta luokanopettajakoulutuksesta

Tiivistelmä. Tämän pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvittää, millaisia käsityksiä ensimmäisen vuosikurssin opiskelijoilla oli teknologiapainotteisesta luokanopettajakoulutuksesta opintojen alussa, miten käsitykset mahdollisesti muuttuivat opintojen edetessä, miten opiskelijat käsittävät koulutuksensa painotuksen ja teknologiakasvatuksen. Lisäksi tutkimus avaa, miten opiskelijat päätyivät opiskelemaan teknologiapainotteiseen luokanopettajakoulutukseen. Tutkimuksen teoreettisessa viitekehyksessä tarkastellaan käsitysten muodostumista, teknologiapainotteisen luokanopettajakoulutuksen ja teknologiakasvatuksen luonnetta. Käsitteet ja käsitykset muodostavat perustan, jolla ihmiset tulkitsevat ympärillään olevan maailman ilmiöitä. Teknologiapainotteinen luokanopettajakoulutus on yksi Oulun yliopiston luokanopettajakoulutuksen painotuksista, jossa opiskellaan kasvatustiedettä ja painoalana on teknologiakasvatus. Teknologiakasvatuksen tavoitteena on tekemällä oppimisen avulla teknologisen yleissivistyksen edistäminen ja elinikäinen oppiminen. Tutkimus on luonteeltaan kvalitatiivinen ja lähestymistavaltaan fenomenografinen. Tutkimukseen osallistui yhteensä 13 opiskelijaa, jotka olivat aloittaneet opiskelun teknologiapainotteisessa luokanopettajakoulutuksessa syksyllä 2015. Tutkimuksen aineisto kerättiin vuoden 2016 helmikuussa kyselylomakkeiden avulla. Aineisto analysoitiin aineistolähtöisen sisällönanalyysin menetelmien mukaisesti. Aineiston analysoinnissa on kuitenkin teoriaohjaavan sisällönanalyysin piirteitä. Tutkimustuloksista voidaan todeta ensimmäisen vuosikurssin opiskelijoiden käsittävän teknologiapainotteisen luokanopettajakoulutuksen opintojen alussa sen substanssitason käsitteiden avulla. Käsitteellinen muutos tapahtuu opintojen edetessä koulutuksen luonteen ja teknologiakasvatuksen ymmärtämisen kehittyessä. Vaikuttavina tekijöinä muutoksiin ovat opettajat, muut opiskelijat ja opiskeltavat kurssit. Tutkimusjoukosta suurin osa ei hakenut opiskelemaan teknologiapainotteista luokanopettajakoulutusta ensimmäisenä vaihtoehtonaan. Aiheesta ei ole tehty aiempaa tutkimusta ja yhden vuosikurssin otannan perusteella ei voida tehdä yleistyksiä. Tutkimuksen tulokset antavat suuntaa, miten painotuksesta saatavaa käsitystä pystyttäisiin kehittämään painotuksen luonnetta kuvaavammaksi, jotta koulutukseen hakeutuisi opiskelijoita, jotka kokisivat painotuksen omakseen

A Vitória do Realismo Defensivo na Nova Doutrina de Política Externa Russa

Once finished the Cold War, the issue of international (re)positioning is unarguably due to Russia, which legally sustains the Soviet Union heritage. In this adjustment to the new scenario that has being developed in the international system, it is utterly important for the new nation not only to define its foreign policy but also to de'ne its own identity. In this article, there will be analyzed the influences of Russian domestic policy’s drivers as well as those of the international system’s new developments to Russian foreign policy con'guration in the new century.Finda a Guerra Fria, a questão do (re)posicionamento internacionalcoloca-se de forma indiscutível à Rússia, herdeira jurídica da União Soviética.Neste ajuste ao novo cenário que se configura no sistema internacional, cabeà nova nação definir não só sua política externa, mas também sua própriaidentidade. Neste artigo são discutidas as influências dos desdobramentos dapolítica interna e dos novos desenvolvimentos do sistema internacional naconfiguração da política externa russa no novo século

Forest Owners’ Perspectives Concerning Non‑Timber Forest Products, Everyman’s Rights, and Organic Certification of Forests in Eastern Finland

Global trends towards the bioeconomy and multidimensional ecosystem-based approaches are transforming our understanding of forests and expanding access to forest management. The demand for non-timber forest products (NTFPs) is increasing due to the current trends in lifestyle and consumption. Forest owners play a key role in the supply of NTFPs. However, many forest owners are not committed to production or aware of the opportunities for production of their forests. Understanding better the family forest owners’ behaviour and decision making regarding NTFPs is needed to strengthen the role of NTFPs in the Finnish bioeconomy. In this study, forest owners’ perspectives concerning NTFPs, Everyman’s Rights, and organic certification of forests were identified. The survey data were collected by emailing the questionnaire to North Karelian forest owners and analysed by creating forest owner typologies based on their forest ownership motives and perspectives concerning NTFPs. Regarding forest ownership motives, four owner groups of relatively equal size were identified and named as recreationist, conservationists, timber producers, and resigning owners leaving the forest property to the next generation. Regarding their use of NTFPs and interest in producing NTFPs four groups of owners were identified: owners who 1) harvested NTFPs for household use or 2) sale, 3) would allow the harvesting of NTFPs not covered by everyman’s right, and 4) need more information on the joint production of timber and NTFPs not covered by Everyman’s Rights. Most owners were household users. The results can be utilised to promote NTFP production and advocate for the more effective organic certification of forests for different forest owner groups

Varsinais-Suomen alueellisen riskienhallinnan parantaminen tiedonsiirtoa tehostamalla (VASARA)

VASARA-hankkeessa viranomaiset ja yritykset miettivät yhdessä, miten voidaan tehokkaasti varautua kasvavaan onnettomuusriskiin. Hankkeessa luotiin yhteinen ymmärrys alueellisista ympäristöriskeistä sekä pohdittiin, miten varautua esimerkiksi myrskyn aiheuttamiin häiriöihin. Yhteistyöllä ja tiedonkulun parantamisella voidaan tehostaa riskeihin varautumista ja säästää resursseja. VASARAssa luotiin yhteisesti hyväksytty tiedonvaihtomalli, jonka avulla tiedonvaihtoa voidaan toteuttaa tehokkaasti useiden eri viranomaisten ja yritysten kesken niin onnettomuustilanteessa kuin siihen varautumisessakin

Performance of diethylene glycol based particle counters in the sub 3 nm size range [Discussion paper]

When studying new particle formation, the uncertainty in determining the "true" nucleation rate is considerably reduced when using Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) capable of measuring concentrations of aerosol particles at sizes close to or even at the critical cluster size (1–2 nm). Recently CPCs, able to reliably detect particles below 2 nm in size and even close to 1 nm became available. The corrections needed to calculate nucleation rates are substantially reduced compared to scaling the observed formation rate to the nucleation rate at the critical cluster size. However, this improved instrumentation requires a careful characterization of their cut-off size and the shape of the detection efficiency curve because relatively small shifts in the cut-off size can translate into larger relative errors when measuring particles close to the cut-off size. Here we describe the development of two continuous flow CPCs using diethylene glycol (DEG) as the working fluid. The design is based on two TSI 3776 counters. Several sets of measurements to characterize their performance at different temperature settings were carried out. Furthermore two mixing-type Particle Size Magnifiers (PSM) A09 from Airmodus were characterized in parallel. One PSM was operated at the highest mixing ratio (1 L min−1 saturator flow), and the other was operated in a scanning mode, where the mixing ratios are changed periodically, resulting in a range of cut-off sizes. Different test aerosols were generated using a nano-Differential Mobility Analyzer (nano-DMA) or a high resolution DMA, to obtain detection efficiency curves for all four CPCs. One calibration setup included a high resolution mass spectrometer (APi-TOF) for the determination of the chemical composition of the generated clusters. The lowest cut-off sizes were achieved with negatively charged ammonium sulphate clusters, resulting in cut-offs of 1.4 nm for the laminar flow CPCs and 1.2 and 1.1 nm for the PSMs. A comparison of one of the laminar-flow CPCs and one of the PSMs measuring ambient and laboratory air showed good agreement between the instruments

Forest Owners’ Perspectives Concerning Non-Timber Forest Products, Everyman’s Rights, and Organic Certification of Forests in Eastern Finland

Global trends towards the bioeconomy and multidimensional ecosystem-based approaches are transforming our understanding of forests and expanding access to forest management. The demand for non-timber forest products (NTFPs) is increasing due to the current trends in lifestyle and consumption. Forest owners play a key role in the supply of NTFPs. However, many forest owners are not committed to production or aware of the opportunities for production of their forests. Understanding better the family forest owners’ behaviour and decision making regarding NTFPs is needed to strengthen the role of NTFPs in the Finnish bioeconomy. In this study, forest owners’ perspectives concerning NTFPs, Everyman’s Rights, and organic certification of forests were identified. The survey data were collected by emailing the questionnaire to North Karelian forest owners and analysed by creating forest owner typologies based on their forest ownership motives and perspectives concerning NTFPs. Regarding forest ownership motives, four owner groups of relatively equal size were identified and named as recreationist, conservationists, timber producers, and resigning owners leaving the forest property to the next generation. Regarding their use of NTFPs and interest in producing NTFPs four groups of owners were identified: owners who 1) harvested NTFPs for household use or 2) sale, 3) would allow the harvesting of NTFPs not covered by everyman’s right, and 4) need more information on the joint production of timber and NTFPs not covered by Everyman’s Rights. Most owners were household users. The results can be utilised to promote NTFP production and advocate for the more effective organic certification of forests for different forest owner groups

The standard operating procedure for Airmodus Particle Size Magnifier and nano-Condensation Nucleus Counter

Measurements of aerosol particles and clusters smaller than 3 nm in diameter are performed by many groups in order to detect recently formed or emitted nanoparticles and for studying the formation and early growth processes of aerosol particles. The Airmodus nano-Condensation Nucleus Counter (nCNC), consisting of a Particle Size Magnifier (PSM) and a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) is a versatile tool to detect aerosol particles and clusters as small as ca. 1 nm in mobility diameter. It offers several different operation modes: fixed mode to measure the total particle number concentration with a fixed, but adjustable lower cut-off size and stepping and scanning modes for retrieving size-resolved information of ca. 1–4 nm particles. The size analysis is based on changing the supersaturation of the working fluid (diethylene glycol) inside the instrument, which changes the lowest detectable size. Here we present a standard operating procedure (SOP) for setting up, calibrating and operating the instrument for atmospheric field measurements. We will also present recommendations for data monitoring and analysis, and discuss some of the uncertainties related to the measurements. This procedure is the first step in harmonizing the use of the PSM/nCNC for atmospheric field measurements of sub-3 nm clusters and particles.Measurements of aerosol particles and clusters smaller than 3 nm in diameter are performed by many groups in order to detect recently formed or emitted nanoparticles and for studying the formation and early growth processes of aerosol particles. The Airmodus nano-Condensation Nucleus Counter (nCNC), consisting of a Particle Size Magnifier (PSM) and a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) is a versatile tool to detect aerosol particles and clusters as small as ca. 1 nm in mobility diameter. It offers several different operation modes: fixed mode to measure the total particle number concentration with a fixed, but adjustable lower cut-off size and stepping and scanning modes for retrieving size-resolved information of ca. 1–4 nm particles. The size analysis is based on changing the supersaturation of the working fluid (diethylene glycol) inside the instrument, which changes the lowest detectable size. Here we present a standard operating procedure (SOP) for setting up, calibrating and operating the instrument for atmospheric field measurements. We will also present recommendations for data monitoring and analysis, and discuss some of the uncertainties related to the measurements. This procedure is the first step in harmonizing the use of the PSM/nCNC for atmospheric field measurements of sub-3 nm clusters and particles.Peer reviewe