Histological Effects of Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Muscle Tissue in Wistar Rats

Creatine is a dietary supplement with the potential to stimulate the phosphocreatine pathway and protein synthesis, through the stimulation of PI3eK/AKT and mTOR responsible for the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells, responsible for hypertrophy. The present study aimed to evaluate the morphological effects of the use of creatine monohydrate on the soleus muscle tissue of 26-month-old Wistar rats. Methods: Twelve Wistar rats were divided into two groups of six animals each. Group 1 was not supplemented with creatine and received a standard diet consisting of water and food. Group 2 received the same diet, but was supplemented with creatine monohydrate at a dose of 0.03 mg/kg of body weight diluted in 200 ml of drinking water for 8 weeks. Results: The supplementation promoted morphological and morphometric effects on the soleus muscle tissue, promoting changes in the perimeter and area of the muscles of the animals treated with the supplement. It is estimated that this supplement may promote, in addition to increasing the cross-sectional area of myocytes, increased stimulation of the protein synthesis pathway associated with PI3K/AKT

gene expression profiling in breast cancer a clinical perspective

Gene expression profiling tests are used in an attempt to determine the right treatment for the right person with early-stage breast cancer that may have spread to nearby lymph nodes but not to distant parts of the body. These new diagnostic approaches are designed to spare people who do not need additional treatment (adjuvant therapy) the side effects of unnecessary treatment, and allow people who may benefit from adjuvant therapy to receive it. In the present review we discuss in detail the major diagnostic tests available such as MammaPrint dx, Oncotype dx, PAM50, Mammostrat, IHC4, MapQuant DX, Theros-Breast Cancer Gene Expression Ratio Assay, and their potential clinical applications

ASPECTOS GERAIS E ABORDAGEM TERAPÊUTICA DA QUERCETINA SOBRE AS COMPLICAÇÕES DO DIABETES CAUSADAS PELO ESTRESSE OXIDATIVO

Os flavonides pertencem classe de compostos fenlicos, que diferem entre si pela sua estrutura qumica e caractersticas particulares. Frutas, vegetais, gros, flores, ch e vinho so exemplos de fontes destes compostos. A quercetina o principal flavonide presente na dieta humana, sendo a representante mais caracterstica da subclasse flavonol da famlia dos flavonides. Desde a sua descoberta, os estudos publicados na literatura cientfica apontam para o seu papel crucial no combate ao estresse oxidativo, associado a diversas condies patolgicas. No diabetes mellitus (DM), por exemplo, tambm tem sido relatada sua eficincia na inibio da enzima aldose redutase que participa da via dos poliis. Nesta contextualizao e considerando as graves consequncias advindas do DM para a sade e qualidade de vida, props-se neste trabalho uma reviso geral da literatura pertinente, a fim de reunir dados sobre aspectos biolgicos e funcionais da quercetina, bem como, sua atuao benfica nas complicaes do diabetes causadas pelo estresse oxidativo

Triple Negative Breast Cancers Have a Reduced Expression of DNA Repair Genes

DNA repair is a key determinant in the cellular response to therapy and tumor repair status could play an important role in tailoring patient therapy. Our goal was to evaluate the mRNA of 13 genes involved in different DNA repair pathways (base excision, nucleotide excision, homologous recombination, and Fanconi anemia) in paraffin embedded samples of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared to luminal A breast cancer (LABC). Most of the genes involved in nucleotide excision repair and Fanconi Anemia pathways, and CHK1 gene were significantly less expressed in TNBC than in LABC. PARP1 levels were higher in TNBC than in LABC. In univariate analysis high level of FANCA correlated with an increased overall survival and event free survival in TNBC; however multivariate analyses using Cox regression did not confirm FANCA as independent prognostic factor. These data support the evidence that TNBCs compared to LABCs harbour DNA repair defects

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

POTENCIAL DIURÉTICO E HIPOTENSOR DAS PLANTAS: Equisetum arvense, Phyllanthus niruri e Petroselinum crispum: REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA

O uso das plantas em forma de chá como alternativa de cura ou alívio de enfermidades é realizado desde a antiguidade. As plantas medicinais produzem diversos metabólitos secundários que possuem potencial terapêutico, que são objetos de estudos fitoquímicos, os quais explicam esses constituintes. A hipertensão arterial sistêmica é considerada um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública, muitos pacientes hipertensos controlados fazem uso de chás como coadjuvantes nesse tratamento. Com isso o objetivo desse artigo de revisão bibliográfica é buscar na literatura estudos pré-clínicos comprovando a ação diurética e hipotensora das plantas: Equisetum arvense, Phyllanthus niruri e Petroselinum crispum, a fim de estudar os mecanismos, as toxicidades e a interação dessas ações com a morbidade controlada por medicamentos alopáticos. A revisão foi realizada nas bases de dados: Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, ScienceDirect, Scielo, PubMed, Cochrane, MedLine e GoogleScholar, onde 44 artigos foram selecionados e se distribuem por todo o conteúdo do artigo. Com esse artigo podemos explicar a população que o natural nem sempre é seguro, pois as três plantas estudadas possuem mecanismos de ação, que ainda podem não estar elucidados, como é o caso da cavalinha, mas que comprovam a atividade diurética e hipotensora das plantas. Sendo assim, sugerimos que se o paciente hipertenso controlado resolver fazer o uso dessas plantas como coadjuvante, ele deve ser observado por um profissional, o qual o acompanhará de forma individual, para saber orientar de forma a trazer apenas os benefícios dessa associação sem causar riscos ao paciente

Electroanalysis of acetaldehyde derivatized with hydrazine and determination in fuel ethanol by square wave voltammetry

A square wave voltammetric method is described for the determination of acetaldehyde using the derivatization reaction with hydrazine sulphate, based on the reduction of hydrazone generated as a product that exhibits a single well-defined peak at -1.19V in acetate buffer at pH 5. Calibration graphs were obtained from 1.0 x 10-6 mol L-1 to 10 x 10-6 mol L-1 of acetaldehyde, using a reaction time of 8 min and a hidrazine concentration of 0.02 mol L-1. The detection limit was 2.38 x 10-7 mol L-1. The method was applied satisfactorily to the determination of total aldehyde in fuel ethanol samples without any pre-treatment