Using Robson's Ten‐Group Classification System for comparing caesarean section rates in Europe: an analysis of routine data from the Euro‐Peristat study

Objective Robson's Ten Group Classification System (TGCS) creates clinically relevant sub‐groups for monitoring caesarean birth rates. This study assesses whether this classification can be derived from routine data in Europe and uses it to analyse national caesarean rates. Design Observational study using routine data. Setting Twenty‐seven EU member states plus Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and the UK. Population All births at ≥22 weeks of gestational age in 2015. Methods National statistical offices and medical birth registers derived numbers of caesarean births in TGCS groups. Main outcome measures Overall caesarean rate, prevalence and caesarean rates in each of the TGCS groups. Results Of 31 countries, 18 were able to provide data on the TGCS groups, with UK data available only from Northern Ireland. Caesarean birth rates ranged from 16.1 to 56.9%. Countries providing TGCS data had lower caesarean rates than countries without data (25.8% versus 32.9%, P = 0.04). Countries with higher caesarean rates tended to have higher rates in all TGCS groups. Substantial heterogeneity was observed, however, especially for groups 5 (previous caesarean section), 6, 7 (nulliparous/multiparous breech) and 10 (singleton cephalic preterm). The differences in percentages of abnormal lies, group 9, illustrate potential misclassification arising from unstandardised definitions. Conclusions Although further validation of data quality is needed, using TGCS in Europe provides valuable comparator and baseline data for benchmarking and surveillance. Higher caesarean rates in countries unable to construct the TGCS suggest that effective routine information systems may be an indicator of a country's investment in implementing evidence‐based caesarean policies. Tweetable abstract Many European countries can provide Robson's Ten‐Group Classification to improve caesarean rate comparisons

Migratable User Interface Descriptions in Component-Based Development

In this paper we describe how a component-based approach can be combined with a user interface (UI) description language to get more flexible and adaptable UIs for embedded systems and mobile computing devices. We envision a new approach for building adaptable user interfaces for embedded systems, which can migrate from one device to another. Adaptability to the device constraints is especially important for adding reusability and extensibility to UIs for embedded systems: this way they are ready to keep pace with new technologies

Task Modeling for Ambient Intelligent Environments: Design Support for Situated Task Executions

The design of interactive systems for an ambient intelligent environment poses many challenges because of the great diversity in devices the user has control of and the user's situation imposed by the environment. Although task-centered interface design is an established approach for traditional form-based and even for multi-device user interfaces, this design approach is, in its current form, not ready for the design of user interfaces for ambient intelligent environments. In this paper we propose a task-centered approach to design interaction mechanisms for ambient intelligent environments by means of visualization and simulation. We focus on three di#erent concepts that are important to support this approach: situated task allocations, user interface distributions and visualization of context influences. Because the execution of a task depends strongly on the situation or context of use, the consequences of a context change on the execution of a task specification should be communicated with the task designer during the design process. The designer should be able to define the possibilities to execute a task while taking into account constraints imposed by the environment of the user. A tool to support this approach using visualization of the environment and simulation of the interface configurations is introduced

Context-sensitive User Interfaces for Ambient Environments: Design, Development and Deployment

There is a growing demand for design support to create interactive systems that are deployed in ambient intelligent environments. Unlike traditional interactive systems, the wide diversity of situations these type of user interfaces need to work in require tool-support that is close to the environment of the end-user on the one hand and provide a smooth integration with the application logic on the other hand. This paper shows how the Model-Based User Interface Development methodology can be applied for ambient intelligent environments; we propose a task-centered approach towards the design of interactive systems by means of appropriate visualizations and simulations of different models. Besides the use of typical user interface models, such as the task- and presentation-model, we focus on user interfaces supporting situated task distributions and a visualization of context influences on deployed user interfaces. To enable this we introduce an environment model describing the device configuration at particular moment in time. To support the user interface designer while creating these complex interfaces for ambient intelligent environments, we discuss tool support using a visualization of the environment together with simulations of the user interface configurations. We also show how the concepts presented in the paper can be integrated within Model-Driven Engineering, hereby narrowing the gap between HCI design and software engineering

Transformaciones del paisaje agrario en la Edad Media: estudio de un suelo aterrazado en el Monte Gaiás (Santiago de Compostela)

Comunicación presentada en el Seminario sobre Antigüedad Tardía y Alta Edad Media, celebrado en Santiago de Compostela los días 6 y 7 de febrero de 2012.Peer Reviewe

A Component-Based Infrastructure for Pervasive User Interaction

Since a growing number of different mobile computing devices are used in pervasive and ubiquitous environments, the need to adopt new approaches for designing and implementing pervasive interactive software with minor e#ort is emerging. In this paper we present a process that facilitates the design of next-generation interactive software for pervasive environments. We created a distributed runtime infrastructure that enables the distribution of software components on heterogeneous, networked and embedded hardware systems. Some of these components or compositions of components will require interaction by human users from a large range of di#erent devices. To make the deployment of consistent and functional User Interfaces in these pervasive environments easier, Interaction Components are introduced into the runtime infrastructure which enable the presentation of component and service behavior to human users