UNIVERSITAS LINGUARUM LITVANIAE AUTORYSTĖS PROBLEMA

Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutasAntakalnio g. 6, LT-10308 Vilnius, LietuvaLietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutasAntakalnio g. 6, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lietuv

Navigation on the Neris River and its Importance for Vilnius

Neris is the second longest river in Lithuania, flowing over the territory of Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. It played an important role in the history of Vilnius, particularly, as a waterway, which, in the past, connected the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) with the neighbouring regions and countries. The river and its tributary, Vilnia, played the main role in the economic development of the city, as well as the development of the industry based on water-driven mechanisms, fishing and other riverside trades, recreational activities of the inhabitants and the urban infrastructure of Vilnius. The role of the river, which decreased in the second half of the 19th century because of the development of land (railway and automobile) transport, became negligible in the years of the soviet power (1945-1990). It happened due to the drop of water elevation caused by the intense drainage of the areas and, particularly, the barbarous construction of a dam at the riverhead in Belarus in 1974, which fenced off a large area of the Vileyka Reservoir. Moreover, the works for deepening the riverbed by removing stones and shoals were stopped, and it made the river unnavigable. The paper also describes frequent floods caused by the drifting of ice in the spring, which brought great damage to the city in the past, as well as the types of ships and rafts used for navigation

Motivating Factors for Teachers: Case Study Analysis

The article analyses the problem of teachers‘ motivation. The continuous change in the teaching process alters the comprehension and principles of teaching substance. Every education organization is unique, having its own culture. Therefore, only the employees‘ ability to  work creatively and innovatively influences the successful work of a school. The requirements of education reform motivate the teachers‘ and leaders‘ creativity and initiatives. However, only by solving the means of motivation correctly the teachers will be purposefully involved into the processes of school activity. The applied methods of analysis were analysis of scientific literature and documents, expert interview, analysis and interpretation of the research results. The article presents an overview of scientific literature. In addition, the results of the research may be applied in improving the school activity, motivating teachers for more effective work by considering the satisfaction of employees‘ needs. The research revealed the essential factors influencing teachers‘ motivation in schools.

The Impact of Intangible Factors on the Employees of Educational Institutions

The goal of this article is to explore the motivation and the factors for the motivation, to discuss the impact of intangible factors for the motivation of educational staff (teachers) for their work efficiency. In order to achieve these goals we have set the following tasks: to define the concept of motivation by analysing scientific literature; and to establish the determinant factors for the motivation of teachers. Motivation is a complex phenomenon, related to the promotion of behaviour, actions and efficient activities. Motivation of teachers is a part of the general strategy of a school, which is influenced by the headmaster, the administration of the school, the attitude of the staff and the created conditions for a teacher to work successfully and to apply innovative methods in their work and to feel responsible for the development of personality.

Microfabrication of Three-Dimensional Structures in Polymer and Glass by Femtosecond Pulses

We report three-dimensional laser microfabrication, which enables microstructuring of materials on the scale of 0.2-1 micrometers. The two different types of microfabrication demonstrated and discussed in this work are based on holographic recording, and light-induced damage in transparent dielectric materials. Both techniques use nonlinear optical excitation of materials by ultrashort laser pulses (duration < 1 ps).Comment: This is a proceedings paper of bi-lateral Conf. (Republics of China & Lithuania) on Optoelectronics and Magnetic Materials, Taipei, May 25-26, 2002.

Coherent responses of resonance atom layer to short optical pulse excitation

Coherent responses of resonance atom layer to short optical pulse excitation are numerically considered. The inhomogeneous broadening of one-photon transition, the local field effect, and the substrate dispersion are involved into analysis. For a certain intensity of incident pulses a strong coherent interaction in the form of sharp spikes of superradiation is observed in transmitted radiation. The Lorentz field correction and the substrate dispersion weaken the effect, providing additional spectral shifts. Specific features of photon echo in the form of multiple responses to a double or triple pulse excitation is discussed.Comment: only PDF,15 page

Phase Structure of the Interacting Vector Boson Model

The two-fluid Interacting Vector Boson Model (IVBM) with the U(6) as a dynamical group possesses a rich algebraic structure of physical interesting subgroups that define its distinct exactly solvable dynamical limits. The classical images corresponding to different dynamical symmetries are obtained by means of the coherent state method. The phase structure of the IVBM is investigated and the following basic phase shapes, connected to a specific geometric configurations of the ground state, are determined: spherical, $U_{p}(3)\otimes U_{n}(3)$, $\gamma-$unstable, O(6), and axially deformed shape, $SU(3)\otimes U_{T}(2)$. The ground state quantum phase transitions between different phase shapes, corresponding to the different dynamical symmetries and mixed symmetry case, are investigated.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure

KONSTANTINO SIRVYDO BIBLIOGRAFIJOS PAPILDYMAS

Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutasAntakalnio g. 6, LT-10308 Vilnius, LietuvaLietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutasAntakalnio g. 6, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lietuv

KONKĖ: the first public transport in Vilnius

The first public rail transport in the world started functioning in 1820. Like everywhere at that time, horsedrawn coaches heaved on tracks were the most popular. The first horse-drawn tram started carrying passengers in the industrial region of Wales, England. Starting from 1893, three the so called konkė lines of such a tram started operating in Vilnius. Although the ticket was expensive to the city residents of those days, however, they intensively used this kind of transport: in 1909, 2.6 million passengers were transported. Although attempts to replace horse drawn-vehicles by internal combustion engines after the First World War were made, this form of transport was found to be irrational and soon gave the way to buses. Initiative for the trams equipped with electric motors was shortly defeated in Vilnius: lack of funds was felt, and confusion in the administration of the city was predominating. For the period 1915–1920, the local government changed very frequently. In 1926, konkė tracks were dismantled. Its remains still can be seen at the enclosures of the embankment of the Vilnia (Vilnios upė) confluence. The coaches were sold for suburban residents that erected small cattle-sheds for domestic animals. First published online: 12 Apr 201