Interfacial areas and gas hold-ups in bubble columns and packed bubble columns at elevated pressures

Interfacial areas and gas hold-ups have been determined at pressures up to 1.85 MPa in a bubble column with a diameter of 85.5 mm and for superficial gas velocities between 1 and 10 cm s−1. In some experiments the bubble column was packed with glass cylinders of length 5.0 mm and diameter 4.0 mm. The interfacial areas were determined by the chemical method using the model reaction between CO2 and aqueous diethanolamine (DEA) and hold-ups by observation of height differences.\ud \ud The interfacial areas in the packed bubble column are unaffected by pressure. The gas hold-ups as well as the interfacial areas in the bubble column increase with increasing operating pressure. The magnitude of the pressure influence depends on the superficial gas velocity. The positive influence of pressure on the gas hold-ups and the interfacial in the bubble column originates from the formation of smaller bubbles at the gas distributor

Zomaar een wandeling. Craandijk en de topografie voor het grote publiek

Renaissance topographies are written as chronicles in which landscape, architecture and historic event are used as scenery to glorify the described town or region. Also the 18th century Arcadias are not objective rendering historic events. Outlines of buildings are only vaguely sketched. Then Enlightened ideas arouse a growing national consciousness and instead of the glorifying a differentiated vision on the past. The 19th century continues the interest in the ancestor's everyday-life and by dramatizing historic events authors moreover wanted to make science accessible to the large public. Influenced by Romanticism 19th century topography uses lyrical expatiations. Just like in the 17th and 18th centuries buildings are described for their historic memories, but the knowledge of architectural aspects increases. The rise of steamboat and railways promoted tourism from 1835 on and consequently the production of guidebooks. Walks through Holland with pen and pencil (8 volumes, 1875-1888) by the clergyman Johannes Craandijk reports a walking-tour through several Dutch regions. Industrialization and the lay-out of railways forming the most important motives to write this series Craandijk wanted to record the characteristics of each region to keep alive the memory of the past and our ancestors. The described regions were selected according to his ideal of an attractive landscape and the, with this, cohering variation of line, colour and light. The glorification of these regions belongs to the Renaissance tradition and the Romantic preference for savage nature, which best can be explored wandering on foot. The history of a region and her 'natural history' provided a link with our ancestors, which aroused Craandijk many times to the description of the monuments these families lived in. His vivid and popularizing way of writing made contemporaries call him a 'historic painter'. Although just like in the Renaissance chronicles the importance of the buildings mostly has been defined by their historic value Craandijk also described buildings because of their architectural value using technical terms next to indications as line and colour (cp. landscape!) and picturesqueness. His preference for the Dutch national styles fits into the tradition of his own time; his descriptions however are not very detailed rather giving a sketch of the outlines and his impression of these buildings. This way Craandijk's Walks through Holland still is the manual for Dutch 19th century topography, a real product of his own time, but equally containing many reminiscences, as previous topographies as these are rooted in the Renaissance, the Enlightment and the Romantic tradition

A dynamical system approach to higher order gravity

The dynamical system approach has recently acquired great importance in the investigation on higher order theories of gravity. In this talk I review the main results and I give brief comments on the perspectives for further developments.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables, talk given at IRGAC 2006, July 200

Childhood sexual abuse predicts treatment outcome in conversion disorder/functional neurological disorder. An observational longitudinal study

OBJECTIVE: Explore trauma, stress, and other predictive factors for treatment outcome in conversion disorder/functional neurological disorder (CD/FND). METHODS: Prospective observational design. Clinical cohort study among consecutive outpatients with DSM-IV CD/FND in a specialized mental health institution for somatic symptom disorders and related disorders (SSRD), presented between 1 February 2010 and 31 December 2017. Patient files were assessed for early childhood trauma, childhood sexual abuse, current stress, and other predictive factors. Patient-related routine outcome monitoring (PROM) data were evaluated for treatment outcome at physical (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ15], Physical Symptoms Questionnaire [PSQ]) level as primary outcome, and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ9]), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder [GAD7]), general functioning (Short Form 36 Health Survey [SF36]), and pain (Brief Pain Inventory [BPI]) as secondary outcome. RESULTS: A total of 64 outpatients were included in the study. 70.3% of the sample reported childhood trauma and 64.1% a recent life event. Mean scores of patients proceeding to treatment improved. Sexual abuse in childhood (F(1, 28) = 30.068, β = 0.608 p < .001) was significantly associated with worse physical (PHQ15, PSQ) treatment outcome. 42.2% reported comorbid depression, and this was significantly associated with worse concomitant depressive (PHQ9) (F[1, 39] = 11.526, β = 0.478, p = .002) and anxiety (GAD7) (F[1,34] = 7.950, β = 0.435, p = .008) outcome. CONCLUSION: Childhood sexual abuse is significantly associated with poor treatment outcome in CD/FND. Randomized clinical trials evaluating treatment models addressing childhood sexual abuse in CD are needed

A single vaccination with an inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine primes the cellular immune response in calves with maternal antibody

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The efficacy of a single dose of an inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) - Parainfluenaza type 3 (PI3) - <it>Mannheimia haemolytica </it>(<it>Mh</it>) combination vaccine, in calves positive for maternal antibodies, was established in a BRSV infection study.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>As expected the single vaccination did not have any effect on the decline of BRSV-specific neutralising or ELISA antibody. The cellular immune system was however primed by the vaccination. In the vaccinated group virus excretion with nasal discharge was reduced, less virus could be re-isolated from lung tissues and the lungs were less affected.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results indicate that a single vaccination with an inactivated BRSV vaccine was able to break through the maternal immunity and induce partial protection in very young calves. It can be speculated that the level and duration of protection will improve after the second dose of vaccine is administered. A two-dose basic vaccination schedule is recommended under field conditions.</p

Medico-legal matters and Australian doctors : an investigation of doctors' experience of medico-legal matters, their mental health and their practice of medicine

Single location muscle monitoring does not reflect the heterogeneous activation of the muscle group(s) during a given exercise. Vastus lateralis and rectus femoris O2 consumption (VO2) was investigated, noninvasively, at rest and during maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) using a 12-channel near-infrared continuous wave spectroscopy (NIR(CWS)) system (0.1 s acquisition time). VO2 either at rest or during MVC was found to be nonuniform in the 11 out of 12 measurement sites over a surface of 8 x 8 cm2. As expected, VO2 during exercise was significantly higher than VO2 at rest (P < 0.01). However, at each muscle measurement site no difference was found between the mean values (n = 12) of VO2 measured during a 5-s intermittent MVC and the VO2 values measured during 30-s continuous MVC (P = 0.25). These results strengthen the role of NIR(CWS) as a powerful tool for investigating the spatial and temporal features of muscle oxygenation changes as well as muscle VO2

Three Ancient Reports of Near-Death Experiences: Bremmer Revisited

ABSTRACT: In the modern literature, the so-called &apos;vision of Er,&apos; told by Plato, and the &apos;vision of Thespesius,&apos; recorded by Plutarch, have sometimes been cited as examples of ancient near-death experiences (NDEs). However, in a recent study, classicist Jan Bremmer (2002) impugned this interpretation. In this article, I offer a fresh analysis of these two texts that challenges Bremmer&apos;s stance and that vindicates the similarity between the ancient reports and modern NDEs. The vision of Er emerges as the oldest known direct account of an NDE. I add to these cases Plutarch&apos;s description of the &apos;vision of Timarchus&apos; as an example of an ancient NDE provoked by extreme isolation. Comparison of these reports of NDEs from antiquity with modern analogues suggests a few additional characteristic traits of NDEs. KEY WORDS: near-death experience; visions; underworld; antiquity; Plato; Plutarch. By a near-death experience (NDE), medical professionals understand a range of experiences obtained by some people during a close brush with death, such as near-drowning, a fall, a traffic accident, or clinical death when any measurable activity in the heart or brain has ceased yet a recovery is made and the person regains the ability to communicate. Irrespective of one&apos;s interpretation of these experiences, typical elements include a feeling of being detached from the body and Journal of Near-Death Studies ndst-27-04-04.3d 16/10/09 11:28:45 223 Marinus van der Sluijs, M.A., is a historical and comparative linguist specializing in the Indo-European and Semitic language families. Researching the history of astronomy and religions, cultural astronomy, and comparative mythology, Mr. van der Sluijs is a Consulting Scholar with the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Correspondence regarding this article should be directed to Mr. van der Sluijs at Beetwortelweg 37, 3263 EA

Анализ отдаленных результатов санаторно-курортного лечения детей с реактивными артритами

На підставі вивчення віддалених результатів санаторно-курортного лікування з використанням клініко-лабораторних і функціональних параметрів 50 дітей з реактивними артритами встановлений сприятливий ефект в перебігу захворювання, що виявлялося відсутністю загострень, поліпшенням клінічної картини захворювання, зменшенням проявів суглобового синдрому, підвищенням функціональної активності нервово-м'язового апарату, поліпшенням показників якості життя.On the basis of study of remote results of resort medical treatment with the use of clinics,-laboratory and functional at 50 children with reactive arthritics a favorable effect in the flow of disease is set, that showed up absence of intensifications, improvement of clinical picture of disease, reduction of displays of joint syndrome, rise of functional activity of muscle vehicle, by the improvement of indexes of quality of life