37 research outputs found
Expression and function of G-protein-coupled receptorsin the male reproductive tract
This review focuses on the expression and function of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), α1-adrenoceptors and relaxin receptors in the male reproductive tract. The localization and differential expression of mAChR and α1-adrenoceptor subtypes in specific compartments of the efferent ductules, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and prostate of various species indicate a role for these receptors in the modulation of luminal fluid composition and smooth muscle contraction, including effects on male fertility. Furthermore, the activation of mAChRs induces transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the Sertoli cell proliferation. The relaxin receptors are present in the testis, RXFP1 in elongated spermatids and Sertoli cells from rat, and RXFP2 in Leydig and germ cells from rat and human, suggesting a role for these receptors in the spermatogenic process. The localization of both receptors in the apical portion of epithelial cells and smooth muscle layers of the vas deferens suggests an involvement of these receptors in the contraction and regulation of secretion.Esta revisĂŁo enfatiza a expressĂŁo e a função dos receptores muscarĂnicos, adrenoceptores α1 e receptores para relaxina no sistema reprodutor masculino. A expressĂŁo dos receptores muscarĂnicos e adrenoceptores α1 em compartimentos especĂficos de dĂșctulos eferentes, epidĂdimo, ductos deferentes, vesĂcula seminal e prĂłstata de vĂĄrias espĂ©cies indica o envolvimento destes receptores na modulação da composição do fluido luminal e na contração do mĂșsculo liso, incluindo efeitos na fertilidade masculina. AlĂ©m disso, a ativação dos receptores muscarĂnicos leva Ă transativação do receptor para o fator crescimento epidermal e proliferação das cĂ©lulas de Sertoli. Os receptores para relaxina estĂŁo presentes no testĂculo, RXFP1 nas espermĂĄtides alongadas e cĂ©lulas de Sertoli de rato e RXFP2 nas cĂ©lulas de Leydig e germinativas de ratos e humano, sugerindo o envolvimento destes receptores no processo espermatogĂȘnico. A localização de ambos os receptores na porção apical das cĂ©lulas epiteliais e no mĂșsculo liso dos ductos deferentes de rato sugere um papel na contração e na regulação da secreção.Fundação de Amparo Ă Pesquisa do Estado de SĂŁo Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientĂfico e TecnolĂłgico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de SĂŁo Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de FarmacologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de FarmacologiaSciEL
Analysis of Serial Patient Samples Reveals a Variety of Clonal Dynamics In Multiple Myeloma
Immunomodulatory Drugs Inhibit H2O2 Decomposition in Multiple Myeloma Cells and Its Mediated Cytotoxicity Is Determined By Cellular Antioxidative Capacity
Impact of IgVH Gene Mutational Status and VH Family Usage on Chromosomal Aberrations Detected by High-Resolution Array-CGH in B-CLL.
Clinical and biologic implications of recurrent genomic aberrations in myeloma
Nonrandom recurrent chromosomal abnormalities
are ubiquitous in multiple myeloma
(MM) and include, among others,
translocations of the immunoglobulin
heavy chain locus (IgH). IgH translocations
in MM result in the up-regulation of
oncogenes, and include more commonly
t(11;14)(q13;q32), t(4;14)(p16;q32), and
t(14;16)(q32;q23). Based on the recurrent
nature of these translocations and their
finding since the early stages of the
plasma cell (PC) disorders, we hypothesized
that they would confer biologic
and clinical variability. In addition, deletions
of 13q14 and 17p13 have also been
associated with a shortened survival. We
used cytoplasmic Igâenhanced interphase
fluorescent in situ hybridization to detect
deletions (13q14 and 17p13.1), and translocations
involving IgH in 351 patients
treated with conventional chemotherapy
entered into the Eastern Cooperative Oncology
Group clinical trial E9486/9487.
Translocations were frequently unbalanced
with loss of one of the derivative
chromosomes. The presence of t(4;
14)(p16;q32) (n 42; 26 vs 45 months,
P < .001), t(14;16)(q32;q23) (n 15; 16 vs
41 months, P .003), 17p13 (n 37; 23
vs 44 months, P .005), and 13q14
(n 176; 35 vs 51 months, P .028) were
associated with shorter survival. A strati-
fication of patients into 3 distinct categories
allowed for prognostication: poor
prognosis group (t(4;14)(p16;q32), t(14;
16)(q32;q23), and 17p13), intermediate
prognosis ( 13q14), and good prognosis
group (all others), with median
survivals of 24.7, 42.3, and 50.5 months,
respectively (P < .001). This molecular cytogenetic
classification identifies patients
into poor, intermediate, and good risk
categories. More importantly it provides
further compelling evidence that MM is
composed of subgroups of patients categorized
according to their underlying
genomic aberrations
The distributional implications of a carbon tax in Ireland
We study the effects of carbon tax and revenue recycling across the income distribution in the Republic of Ireland. In absolute terms, a carbon tax of âŹ20/tCO2 would cost the poorest households less than âŹ3/week and the richest households more than âŹ4/week. A carbon tax is regressive, therefore. However, if the tax revenue is used to increase social benefits and tax credits, households across the income distribution can be made better off without exhausting the total carbon tax revenue