Cellulolytic Bacteria in the foregut of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Foregut digesta from five feral dromedary camels were inoculated into three different enrichment media: cotton thread, filter paper, and neutral detergent fiber. A total of 283 16S rRNA gene sequences were assigned to 33 operational taxonomic units by using 99% species-level identity. LIBSHUFF revealed significant differences in the community composition across all three libraries

Ecophysiology of syntrophic communities that degrade saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids

Syntrophic relationships are the key for biodegradation in methanogenic environments. We review the ecological and physiological features of syntrophic communities involved in the degradation of saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), as well as their potential application to convert lipids/fats containing waste to biogas. Presently, about 14 species have been described with the ability to grow on fatty acids in syntrophy with methanogens, all belonging to the families Syntrophomonadaceae and Syntrophaceae. The principle pathway of LCFA degradation is through β-oxidation, but the initial steps in the conversion of unsaturated LCFA are unclear. Communities enriched on unsaturated LCFA also degrade saturated LCFA, but the opposite generally is not the case. For efficient methane formation, the physical and inhibitory effects of LCFA on methanogenesis need to be considered. LCFA adsorbs strongly to biomass, which causes encapsulation of active syntrophic communities and hampers diffusion of substrate and products in and out of the biomass. Quantification of archaea by real-time PCR analysis suggests that potential LCFA inhibitory effect towards methanogens might be reversible. Rather, the conversion of adsorbed LCFA in batch assays was shown to result in a significant increase of archaeal cell numbers in anaerobic sludge samples.The authors thank J. Prosser for the invitation to write this minireview. We appreciated the critical reading of I.M. Head and of the anonymous reviewers, and we thank them for their constructive comments and suggestions. This work was possible through the financial support provided by the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) and European Social Fund (ESF) (grant SFRH/BD/8726/2002), and by the Wageningen Institute for Environmental and Climate Research (WIMEK)

Temporal stability of the rumen microbiota in beef cattle, and response to diet and supplements

Acknowledgements Sampling of ruminal digesta was carried out at Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC) by Laura Nicoll, Lesley Deans and Claire Broadbent. Sequencing using Illumina MiSeq was carried out by Edinburgh Genomics, The University of Edinburgh. Edinburgh Genomics is partly supported through core grants from NERC (R8/H10/56), MRC (MR/K001744/1) and BBSRC (BB/J004243/1). Data were processed using the Maxwell High Performance Computing Cluster of the University of Aberdeen IT Service (www.abdn.ac.uk/staffnet/research/hpc.php), provided by Dell Inc. and supported by Alces Software. Funding This work was funded by the Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS) of the Scottish Government as a collaborative HEI project between The University of Aberdeen, The Roslin Institute, and Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC). The funding body had no role in the design of the study or collection, analysis, or interpretation of data or in writing the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Oxaloacetate Synthesis in Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (adenosine 5′-triphosphate) was the only enzyme capable of carboxylating pyruvate or phosphoenolpyruvate that could be demonstrated in sonicated cells or cell-free extracts of a group 1 butyrivibrio

Arbetsrelaterad stress har en negativ inverkan på flow - Arbetstagarnas egna skattningar av hur stress påverkar upplevd flow

Dagens samhälle ställer högre och högre krav på arbetstagaren därarbetsrelaterad stress är ett farligt samhällsproblem. Stress är en fysiologiskreaktion och ett dynamiskt tillstånd och flow är en teori som används för attbeskriva ett tillstånd som kan reducera den upplevda stressen på arbetsplatsen.Genom en kvantitativ studie med inomindividdesign och med hjälp av ettbekvämlighetsurval på ett sample med 226 deltagare som var mellan 18-67 år där168 kvinnor och 57 män svarade på en digital enkät som bestod av tvåsjälvskattningsskalor. Även ålder, kön, utbildningsgrad och yrkesområde togs medsom kontrollvariabler. Skalorna Perceived Stress Scale och Flow Short Scaleanvändes för att ta reda på om svenska arbetstagare själva upplever flow isamband med stress på arbete. Sjävlskattningsskalorna användes på grund avbristen på relevant litteratur och forskning som inte kan hittas, speciellt i svensktkontext. Resultatet från den hierarkiska regressionsanalysen som utfördes visadeatt 45 % av den förklarade variansen i flow kunde förklaras av stress (ΔR2 = .45,p <.001). Detta resultat bör leda till en vidare diskussion för att fylla den rådandekunskapsluckan som existerar mellan stress och flow på arbetsplatsen

The interaction of concentrate intake and pasture development on rumen digestion characteristics

International audienc