Water, werk en waterwerken : de ontwikkeling van irrigatietechnologie in het stroomgebied van de Segura, Zuidoost - Spanje

This book deals with irrigation technology, with special reference to the social process of its construction, use and adaptation. The aim is to bring (back) designing of irrigation technology closer to the practice of farming. Besides, this book tries to contribute in a specific way to the general notion that technology development is related to social, political and economic changes. It is based on empirical research carried out in irrigated agricultural areas in the lower Segura River basin in South East Spain. One of the main conclusions is that the possibility to adapt the irrigation system to the specific requirements of the agricultural production process, is an important condition to successful irrigation development. Based on knowledge of the existing variety of the agricultural production process, the irrigation engineer should subordinate his or her own frame of reference to that of the future users of the irrigation system

ESCAPE: A generic tool for enhanced scientific communication

General scope In order to enhance communication of research results as part of a network of actors in a particular field one wants to · relate relevant objects (documents, persons, institutions, projects, ... on the basis of content and describe/annotate these relations · communicate and present these aggregated objects for various target groups, not only scientists but also policy makers, journalists, companies, and the general public · enhance this communication by commenting and tagging related objects The tool ESCAPE is a tool in which users can aggregate digital objects stored at any location and describe, annotate, comment and tag the relations between these objects. The system not only allows formal relations (like bibliographic metadata) but especially "content relations" concerning topics, reviews, comments, discussions, applications, etc

ESCAPE: A generic tool for enhanced scientific communication

General scope In order to enhance communication of research results as part of a network of actors in a particular field one wants to · relate relevant objects (documents, persons, institutions, projects, ... on the basis of content and describe/annotate these relations · communicate and present these aggregated objects for various target groups, not only scientists but also policy makers, journalists, companies, and the general public · enhance this communication by commenting and tagging related objects The tool ESCAPE is a tool in which users can aggregate digital objects stored at any location and describe, annotate, comment and tag the relations between these objects. The system not only allows formal relations (like bibliographic metadata) but especially "content relations" concerning topics, reviews, comments, discussions, applications, etc

Charge carrier density collapse in La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO_3 and La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO_3 epitaxial thin films

We measured the temperature dependence of the linear high field Hall resistivity of La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO_3 (T_C=232K) and La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO_3 (T_C=345K) thin films in the temperature range from 4K up to 360K in magnetic fields up to 20T. At low temperatures we find a charge carrier density of 1.3 and 1.4 holes per unit cell for the Ca- and Sr-doped compound, respectively. In this temperature range electron-magnon scattering contributes to the longitudinal resistivity. At the ferromagnetic transition temperature T_C a dramatic drop in the number of current carriers $n$ down to 0.6 holes per unit cell, accompanied by an increase in unit cell volume, is observed. Corrections of the Hall data due to a non saturated magnetic state will lead a more pronounced charge carrier density collapse.Comment: 5 pages, 5 EPS figures, submitted to Eur. Phys. J.

Extensive infrared spectroscopic study of CuO: signatures of strong spin-phonon interaction and structural distortion

Optical properties of single-crystal monoclinic CuO in the range 70 - 6000 \cm were studied at temperatures from 7 to 300 K. Normal reflection spectra were obtained from the (001) and (010) crystal faces thus giving for the first time separate data for the $A_{u}$ and $B_{u}$ phonon modes excited in the purely transverse way (TO modes). Mode parameters, including polarizations of the $B_{u}$ modes not determined by the crystal symmetry, were extracted by the dispersion analysis of reflectivity curves as a function of temperature. Spectra of all the components of the optical conductivity tensor were obtained using the Kramers-Kronig method recently extended to the case of the low-symmetry crystals. The number of strong phonon modes is in agreement with the factor-group analysis for the crystal structure, currently accepted for the CuO. However, several "extra" modes of minor intensity are detected. Comparison of frequencies of "extra" modes with the available phonon dispersion curves points to possible "diagonal" doubling of the unit cell \{{\bf a}, {\bf b}, {\bf c}\} $\to$ \{{\bf a}+{\bf c}, {\bf b}, {\bf a}-{\bf c}\} and formation of the superlattice. The previously reported softening of the $A^{3}_{u}$ mode ($\sim$ 400 \cm) with cooling at $T_{N}$ is found to be $\sim$ 10 % for the TO mode. The mode is very broad at high temperatures and strongly narrows in the AFM phase. We attribute this effect to strong resonance coupling of this mode to optical or acoustic bi-magnons and reconstruction of the magnetic excitations spectrum at the N\'eel point. A significant anisotropy of $\epsilon^{\infty}$ is observed: it was found to be 5.9 along the {\bf b}-axis, 6.2 along the {[}101{]} chains and 7.8 the {[}10$\bar{1}${]} chains. The "transverse" effective charge is value is about 2 electrons.Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures, REVTeX, submitted to PR

Speech register influences listeners’ word expectations

We utilized the N400 effect to investigate the influence of speech register on predictive language processing. Participants listened to long stretches (4 – 15 min) of naturalistic speech from different registers (dialogues, news broadcasts, and read-aloud books), totalling approximately 50,000 words, while the EEG signal was recorded. We estimated the surprisal of words in the speech materials with the aid of a statistical language model in such a manner that it reflected different predictive processing strategies; generic, register-specific, or recency-based. The N400 amplitude was best predicted with register-specific word surprisal, indicating that the statistics of the wider context (i.e., register) influences predictive language processing. Furthermore, adaptation to speech register cannot merely be explained by recency effects; instead, listeners adapt their word anticipations to the presented speech register

An introduction to advanced targeted acquisition methods

Targeted proteomics via selected reaction monitoring (SRM) or parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) enables fast and sensitive detection of a preselected set of target peptides. However, the number of peptides that can be monitored in conventional targeting methods is usually rather small. Recently, a series of methods has been described that employ intelligent acquisition strategies to increase the efficiency of mass spectrometers to detect target peptides. These methods are based on one of two strategies. First, retention time adjustment-based methods enable intelligent scheduling of target peptide retention times. These include Picky, iRT, as well as spike-in free real time adjustment methods like MaxQuant.Live. Second, in spike-in triggered acquisition methods like SureQuant, Pseudo-PRM, TOMAHAQ and Scout-MRM, targeted scans are initiated by abundant labeled synthetic peptides added to samples before the run. Both strategies enable the mass spectrometer to better focus data acquisition time on target peptides. This either enables more sensitive detection or a higher number of targets per run. Here, we provide an overview of available advanced targeting methods and highlight their intrinsic strengths and weaknesses and compatibility with specific experimental setups. Our goal is to provide a basic introduction to advanced targeting methods for people starting to work in this field