Bank lending, financing constraints and SME investment

SME investment opportunities depend on the level of financing constraints that firms face. Earlier research has mainly focused on the controversial argument that cash flow-investment correlations increase with the level of these constraints. We focus on bank loans rather than cash flow. Our results show that investment is sensitive to bank loans for unconstrained firms but not for constrained firms, and trade credit predicts investment, but only for constrained firms. We also find that unconstrained firms use bank loans to finance trade credit provided to other firms. Our results illustrate alternative mechanisms that firms employ both as borrowers and lenders.Bank loans ; Investments

Educational opportunities offered by the mills power to promote environmental awareness on rural heritage

A través del presente trabajo pretendemos poner de manifiesto la importancia de los molinos hidráulicos como bienes culturales y como parte del patrimonio en el medio rural. Los molinos hidráulicos jugaron en el pasado un papel importante en las actividades económicas del campesinado, representando una parte del patrimonio rural generado en torno al agua que hoy ha sido parcialmente recuperado con fines museísticos y divulgativos, tras décadas de deterioro y olvido. Con el presente trabajo, pretendemos recuperar para la comunidad en general, y para la comunidad educativa en particular, a través de las visitas didácticas, tanto presenciales como virtuales, los diferentes tipos de molinos que se han generado a lo largo del tiempo y los diferentes usos que se les ha dado en distintos puntos de la geografía española.The objective of this work is to highlight the importance of water mills as cultural heritage and as part of patrimony in rural areas. The water mills in the past played an important role in the economic activities of the peasantry, representing a part of the rural heritage formed around the use of water. After decades of decline and negligence, some of these mills have been partially restored as a museum and also for informative purposes. In this work we demonstrate different types of mills that have been built over time and the diverse functions given to them in distant parts of the Spanish geography

Endocistectomía como tratamiento quirúrgico de elección en hidatidosis muscular primaria: caso clínico

Se presenta el caso clínico de una hidatidosis muscular primaria localizada a nivel del vasto externo del cuádriceps, describiéndose los hallazgos clínicos, analíticos y de estudios de imagen característicos. Y a propósito del mismo se describe y defiende el tratamiento mediante endocistectomía y albendazol, que permite mantener la funcionalidad completa del músculo. A los dos años de evolución la paciente se encuentra asintomática.We report a case of primary hydatíd disease. It ¡s located in the vastus lateralís of the quadriceps. We describe the clinical, serological and radiological features of this dísease. And then we argüe for the use of the surgical endocystectomy and albendazol as the best treatment; thinking that this allows to sustain the complete function of the muscle. Two years later, the patient is asymptomatic

Pseudotumor tras cirugía de revisión por rotura de cabeza cerámica en una artroplastia total de cadera con par cerámica-cerámica: caso clínico

Se presenta un caso clínico con una importante y precoz metalosis, tan solo tres meses después de la revisión de una artroplastia total de cadera primaria par cerámica-cerámica, en la que se había roto la cabeza cerámica, y en la revisión se sustituyó por un par metal-polietileno. Catorce meses después apareció un pseudotumor causado por la metalosis por rotura de la cabeza metálica, por lo que se realizó una nueva revisión utilizando un par metal-metal preservando el vástago femoral que estaba perfectamente anclado aunque el cono Morse tenía una pequeña agresión. Dos años después de esta última cirugía los resultados son satisfactorios.We report a case presenting an important and early metallosis. Three months after a total hip arthroplasty primary using ceramic-ceramic pair, the patient sustained ceramic head fracture was revised to a metal-on-polyethylene articulation. Fourteen months later, a metallosis pseudotumor caused by the fracture of the metal head was observed. The patient was then revised to a metal-metal pair preserving the femoral component since it was well anchored while the Morse cone connection had a small impact. Two years after the last surgery the results are satisfactory

Hiperplasia angiolinfoide con eosinofilia: a propósito de una localización atípica en músculo trapecio

La hiperplasia angiolinfoide con eosinofilia es una patología poco frecuente de presentación clínica inespecífica que lleva a que rara vez se diagnostique antes del estudio histológico. Habitualmente afecta a piel y tejido celular subcutáneo siendo rara la localización extracutánea. Presentamos un caso clínico de una tumoración en una mujer de 46 años localizada a nivel del músculo trapecio; y revisamos las características histopatológicas y de tratamiento de esta patología.Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia is an uncommon condition with non-specific clinical symptoms that needs a histological study to have the diagnosis. Usually this lesion occurs in the skin and the subcutaneous tissue, with extracutaneous affection being rare. We describe a tumour affecting the trapezius muscle in a 40- year-old woman; and we review the histopathologic findings and the treatment of this pathology

Osteosarcoma perióstico: caso clínico

El osteosarcoma perióstico es un sarcoma raro que asienta en la superficie del hueso. Aunque algunos autores lo incluyen en los osteosarcomas yuxtacorticales sus peculiaridades clínicas, radiológicas y anatomopatológicas entre ellos que llevan a diferencias en el tratamiento y pronóstico le otorgan personalidad propia. Presentamos un caso clínico de osteosarcoma perióstico en un varón de 18 años, a nivel de fémur. Se realiza una revisión de la bibliografía, señalando las principales características de esta entidad.Periosteal osteosarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm located on bone surface. Although some authors include it among juxtacortical osteosarcoma, its clinical feature, imaging studies findings and histologic patterns which lead to differences in the treatment and prognostic, give to it a peculiar identity. We report a case of an 18 years old man who had this tumour in his femur. We do a review of literature

Mild and short-term caloric restriction prevents obesity-induced cardiomyopathy in young zucker rats without changing in metabolites and fatty acids cardiac profile

Caloric restriction (CR) ameliorates cardiac dysfunction associated with obesity. However, most of the studies have been performed under severe CR (30-65% caloric intake decrease) for several months or even years in aged animals. Here, we investigated whether mild (20% food intake reduction) and short-term (2-weeks) CR prevented the obese cardiomyopathy phenotype and improved the metabolic profile of young (14 weeks of age) genetically obese Zucker fa/fa rats. Heart weight (HW) and HW/tibia length ratio was significantly lower in fa/fa rats after 2 weeks of CR than in counterparts fed ad libitum. Invasive pressure measurements showed that systolic blood pressure, maximal rate of positive left ventricle (LV) pressure, LV systolic pressure and LV end-diastolic pressure were all significantly higher in obese fa/fa rats than in lean counterparts, which were prevented by CR. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the increase in LV end-systolic volume, stroke volume and LV wall thickness observed in fa/fa rats was significantly lower in animals on CR diet. Histological analysis also revealed that CR blocked the significant increase in cardiomyocyte diameter in obese fa/fa rats. High resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis of the LV revealed a global decrease in metabolites such as taurine, creatine and phosphocreatine, glutamate, glutamine and glutathione, in obese fa/fa rats, whereas lactate concentration was increased. By contrast, fatty acid concentrations in LV tissue were significantly elevated in obese fa/fa rats. CR failed to restore the LV metabolomic profile of obese fa/fa rats. In conclusion, mild and short-term CR prevented an obesity-induced cardiomyopathy phenotype in young obese fa/fa rats independently of the cardiac metabolic profile.This study was supported by grants from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (BFU2011-25303), Spanish Institute of Health Carlos III (CP15/00129), UCM groups (GR-921641), SESCAMET, Fundación Mutua Madrileña, Fundación Eugenio Rodríguez Pascual and Fondos FEDER.Peer Reviewe

Interdisciplinar itineraries in Primary School Bachelor Degree

Este artículo se enmarca en una línea de trabajo iniciada por los integrantes del mismo en el Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales y Experimentales de la Facultad de Educación, en el grado de Educación Primaria. La realización de itinerarios didácticos interdisciplinares es una interesante herramienta didáctica en la formación del futuro profesorado. El objetivo principal del artículo consiste en poner de manifiesto el potencial del entorno inmediato y las posibilidades que la ciudad de Córdoba ofrece como recurso educativo. La metodología propone la participación de los estudiantes en todas las fases de trabajo, de un modo cooperativo y colaborativo. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto un mejor conocimiento del entorno a utilizar como recurso didáctico, vivencial y significativo.This paper is an interdisciplinary proposal that is being developed in the Bachelor Degree of Primary Education belonging to the Faculty of Education Sciences in the University of Córdoba, with the implication of two areas of knowledge: Didactics of Social Sciences and Didactics of Experimental Sciences. We implemented an educational itinerary through the city of Cordoba, in which the students had to prepare and explain several aspects of the different points of interest in the itinerary, regarding with Social and/or Experimental Sciences. The main objective of this activity is to make the students reflect on the importance of their surroundings and on the possibilities that Cordoba city offers to be used as an educational resource