Emulation-based transient thermal modeling of 2D/3D systems-on-chip with active cooling

State-of-the-art devices in the consumer electronics market are relying more and more on Multi-Processor Systems-On-Chip (MPSoCs) as an efficient solution to meet their multiple design constrains, such as low cost, low power consumption, high performance and short time-to-market. In fact, as technology scales down, logic density and power density increase, generating hot spots that seriously affect the MPSoC performance and can physically damage the final system behavior. Moreover, forthcoming three-dimensional (3D) MPSoCs can achieve higher system integration density, but the aforementioned thermal problems are seriously aggravated. Thus, new thermal exploration tools are needed to study the temperature variation effects inside 3D MPSoCs. In this paper, we present a novel approach for fast transient thermal modeling and analysis of 3D MPSoCs with active (liquid) cooling solutions, while capturing the hardware-software interaction. In order to preserve both accuracy and speed, we propose a close-loop framework that combines the use of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to emulate the hardware components of 2D/3D MPSoC platforms with a highly optimized thermal simulator, which uses an RC-based linear thermal model to analyze the liquid flow. The proposed framework offers speed-ups of more than three orders of magnitude when compared to cycle-accurate 3D MPSoC thermal simulators. Thus, this approach enables MPSoC designers to validate different hardware- and software-based 3D thermal management policies in real-time, and while running real-life applications, including liquid cooling injection contro

Register File Reliability Analysis Through Cycle-Accurate Thermal Emulation

Continuous transistor scaling due to improvements in CMOS devices and manufacturing technologies is increasing processor power densities and temperatures; thus, creating challenges when trying to maintain manufacturing yield rates and devices which will be reliable throughout their lifetime. New microarchitectures require new reliability-aware design methods that can face these challenges without significantly increasing cost and performance. In this paper we present a complete analysis of reliability for the register file architecture of the Leon 3 processor. The analysis conducted is supported by the use of an accurate HW/SW FPGA-based emulation platform that enables a complete design space exploration of thermal and reliability metrics during the execution of an extended set of benchmarks, in a very limited amount of time. The effect of various compiler optimizations and register assignments on the reliability of the register file is then analyzed. Our results quantify the respective effects of these different factors and enable us to design a reliability-aware register file assignment policy that consistently improves the Mean-Time-To-Failure figure (20% on average) for the various types of applications

Energy vs. Reliability Trade-offs Exploration in Biomedical Ultra-Low Power Devices

State-of-the-art wearable devices such as embedded biomedical monitoring systems apply voltage scaling to lower as much as possible their energy consumption and achieve longer battery lifetimes. While embedded memories often rely on Error Correction Codes (ECC) for error protection, in this paper we explore how the characteristics of biomedical applications can be exploited to develop new techniques with lower power overhead. We then introduce the Dynamic eRror compEnsation And Masking (DREAM) technique, that provides partial memory protection with less area and power overheads than ECC. Different tradeoffs between the error correction ability of the techniques and their energy consumption are examined to conclude that, when properly applied, DREAM consumes 21% less energy than a traditional ECC with Single Error Correction and Double Error Detection (SEC/DED) capabilities

A Fast HW/SW FPGABased Thermal Emulation Framework for MultiProcessor SystemonChip

With the growing complexity in consumer embedded products and the improvements in process technology, Multi-Processor System-On-Chip (MPSoC) architectures have become widespread. These new systems are complex to design as they must execute multiple complex applications (e.g. video processing, 3D games), while meeting additional design constraints (e.g. energy consumption or time-to-market). Moreover, the rise of temperature in the die for MPSoC components can seriously affect their final performance and reliability. Therefore, mechanisms to efficiently evaluate complete HW/SW MPSoC designs in terms of energy consumption, temperature, performance and other key metrics are needed. In this paper, we present a new HW/SW FPGA-based emulation framework that allows designers to rapidly extract a number of critical statistics from processing cores, memories and interconnection systems being emulated on a FPGA. This information is then used to interact in real-time with a SW thermal model running on a host computer via an Ethernet port. The results show speed-ups of three orders of magnitude compared to cycle-accurate MPSoC simulators, which enable a very fast exploration of a large range of MPSoC design alternatives at the cycle-accurate level. Finally, our HW/SW framework allows designers to test run-time thermal management strategies with real-life inputs without any loss in the performance of the emulated system

Entrenamiento en habilidades básicas de gestión de grupos para la mejora de la competencia transversal de hablar en público: protocolo para alumnos de posgrado de Psicología

El presente proyecto se enmarca en la mejora educativa de dos grandes bloques: 1)La mejora de competencias transversales indispensables en la carrera académica de cualquier alumno universitario. En este proyecto en concreto, se abordará la tarea de hablar en público, que ostenta un papel central en el desempeño de los alumnos en la práctica totalidad de asignaturas y en la potenciación de sus destrezas básicas a ofrecer en su futuro profesional. 2)La mejora educativa de alumnos del Master Oficial en Psicología General Sanitaria, como parte aplicada de su formación. Atendiendo al primer bloque, son múltiples las situaciones en las que los alumnos han de enfrentarse a un público y exponer o defender un trabajo, opinión etc… Ante esta situación, tradicionalmente se ha dado mayor peso a cuestiones de contenido (lo que se expone) y no tanto a cuestiones de forma (cómo se hace). La demanda de servicios que presten atención y ayuda en este ámbito va en aumento. Desde un punto de vista comunitario cada vez son más las asociaciones, fundaciones, escuelas que se dirigen a potenciar esta destreza (p. ej. ToastMaster). En el mismo sentido, desde un contexto clínico, se observa la misma tendencia de demanda de ayuda, en este caso profesional, para hacer frente a este tipo de situaciones, fundamentalmente por parte de alumnos universitarios. La ansiedad a exponer es un fenómeno ampliamente estudiado y relacionados con síndromes clínicos, como por ejemplo la Fobia Social. La carrera universitaria exige a sus alumnos tareas, ejercicios, exámenes… que requieren la puesta en práctica de esta competencia. Además, no es un fenómeno exclusivo de ninguna disciplina concreta, por lo que esta competencia es transversal a diferentes asignaturas y ramas del conocimiento. Un enfoque comunitario (desde la universidad) y focalizado (para universitarios) supondría atender a la competencia transversal de hablar en público de una manera formal y sistematizada, centrándose en el aprendizaje de la forma (cómo se hace) y de aquellos factores que pudieran interferir (ansiedad, timidez…). El segundo bloque que define este proyecto va dirigido a la mejora educativa de los alumnos del Máster Oficial en Psicología General Sanitaria. Parte de su formación práctica supone la confección, planificación y ejecución de planes de psicoeducativos de salud. Todos los miembros de este proyecto guardamos relación, de una u otra manera con la Clínica Universitaria de Psicología de la UCM (CUP-UCM), centro de prácticas del itinerario del citado master. Esto supone una excepcional oportunidad de añadir a su plan formativo de rotación por la CUP-UCM, el diseño y ejecución de estos talleres, siempre bajo estrecha supervisión y acompañamiento de miembros del proyecto

Short-term variability in euphotic zone biogeochemistry and primary productivity at Station ALOHA : a case study of summer 2012

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2015. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles 29 (2015): 1145–1164, doi:10.1002/2015GB005141.Time-series observations are critical to understand the structure, function, and dynamics of marine ecosystems. The Hawaii Ocean Time-series program has maintained near-monthly sampling at Station ALOHA (22°45′N, 158°00′W) in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) since 1988 and has identified ecosystem variability over seasonal to interannual timescales. To further extend the temporal resolution of these near-monthly time-series observations, an extensive field campaign was conducted during July–September 2012 at Station ALOHA with near-daily sampling of upper water-column biogeochemistry, phytoplankton abundance, and activity. The resulting data set provided biogeochemical measurements at high temporal resolution and documents two important events at Station ALOHA: (1) a prolonged period of low productivity when net community production in the mixed layer shifted to a net heterotrophic state and (2) detection of a distinct sea-surface salinity minimum feature which was prominent in the upper water column (0–50 m) for a period of approximately 30 days. The shipboard observations during July–September 2012 were supplemented with in situ measurements provided by Seagliders, profiling floats, and remote satellite observations that together revealed the extent of the low productivity and the sea-surface salinity minimum feature in the NPSG.NOAA Climate Observation Division; National Science Foundation (NSF) Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE) Grant Numbers: EF0424599, OCE-1153656, OCE-1260164; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Marine Microbiology Investigator2016-02-1

Evaluating radiological response in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours treated with sunitinib : comparison of Choi versus RECIST criteria (CRIPNET_ GETNE1504 study)

The purpose of our study was to analyse the usefulness of Choi criteria versus RECIST in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs) treated with sunitinib. A multicentre, prospective study was conducted in 10 Spanish centres. Computed tomographies, at least every 6 months, were centrally evaluated until tumour progression. One hundred and seven patients were included. Median progression-free survival (PFS) by RECIST and Choi were 11.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.7-15.9) and 15.8 months (95% CI, 13.9-25.7). PFS by Choi (Kendall's τ = 0.72) exhibited greater correlation with overall survival (OS) than PFS by RECIST (Kendall's τ = 0.43). RECIST incorrectly estimated prognosis in 49.6%. Partial response rate increased from 12.8% to 47.4% with Choi criteria. Twenty-four percent of patients with progressive disease according to Choi had stable disease as per RECIST, overestimating treatment effect. Choi criteria predicted PFS/OS. Changes in attenuation occurred early and accounted for 21% of the variations in tumour volume. Attenuation and tumour growth rate (TGR) were associated with improved survival. Choi criteria were able to capture sunitinib's activity in a clinically significant manner better than RECIST; their implementation in standard clinical practice shall be strongly considered in PanNET patients treated with this drug

Plasma miRNA profile at COVID-19 onset predicts severity status and mortality

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a crucial role in regulating immune response against infectious diseases, showing changes early in disease onset and before the detection of the pathogen. Thus, we aimed to analyze the plasma miRNA profile at COVID-19 onset to identify miRNAs as early prognostic biomarkers of severity and survival. METHODS AND RESULTS: Plasma miRNome of 96 COVID-19 patients that developed asymptomatic/mild, moderate and severe disease was sequenced together with a group of healthy controls. Plasma immune-related biomarkers were also assessed. COVID-19 patients showed 200 significant differentially expressed (SDE) miRNAs concerning healthy controls, with upregulated putative targets of SARS-CoV-2, and inflammatory miRNAs. Among COVID-19 patients, 75 SDE miRNAs were observed in asymptomatic/mild compared to symptomatic patients, which were involved in platelet aggregation and cytokine pathways, among others. Moreover, 137 SDE miRNAs were identified between severe and moderate patients, where miRNAs targeting the SARS CoV-2 genome were the most strongly disrupted. Finally, we constructed a mortality predictive risk score (miRNA-MRS) with ten miRNAs. Patients with higher values had a higher risk of 90-days mortality (hazard ratio = 4.60; p-value < 0.001). Besides, the discriminant power of miRNA-MRS was significantly higher than the observed for age and gender (AUROC = 0.970 vs. 0.881; p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 infection deeply disturbs the plasma miRNome from an early stage of COVID-19, making miRNAs highly valuable as early predictors of severity and mortality

The Fluid Aspect of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: The Role of Polyphenol Content in Moderate Consumption of Wine and Olive Oil

A growing interest has emerged in the beneficial effects of plant-based diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. The Mediterranean diet, one of the most widely evaluated dietary patterns in scientific literature, includes in its nutrients two fluid foods: olive oil, as the main source of fats, and a low-to-moderate consumption of wine, mainly red, particularly during meals. Current mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet include a reduction in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, improvement in lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, as well as antithrombotic properties. Most of these effects are attributable to bioactive ingredients including polyphenols, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Polyphenols are a heterogeneous group of phytochemicals containing phenol rings. The principal classes of red wine polyphenols include flavonols (quercetin and myricetin), flavanols (catechin and epicatechin), anthocyanin and stilbenes (resveratrol). Olive oil has at least 30 phenolic compounds. Among them, the main are simple phenols (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol), secoroids and lignans. The present narrative review focuses on phenols, part of red wine and virgin olive oil, discussing the evidence of their effects on lipids, blood pressure, atheromatous plaque and glucose metabolism