Nursing care at home: a critical look at the scientific

Objective: To analyze the scientific literature on the nursing care at home in order to determine the topics of interest. Method: Integrative literature. For the selection of items we used the databases MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL and Cochrane, using the keywords: "home care", "nursing" and similar in English and temporal limitation from January 2009 to May 2013. It involved 277 articles of which 187 were selected. Results: The highlights were descriptive studies, with 65,8% of the publications and the year 2010 with the highest number of articles published. The subjects were classified into four areas related to nursing home care: patients in special clinical conditions, categories and services; practical, legal and teaching. Conclusion: It is inferred, which are incipient research and tools to drive the provision of nursing care at home, especially those related to infection control

One-dimensional convolutional neural network model for breast cancer subtypes classification and biochemical content evaluation using micro-FTIR hyperspectral images

Breast cancer treatment still remains a challenge, where molecular subtypes classification plays a crucial role in selecting appropriate and specific therapy. The four subtypes are Luminal A (LA), Luminal B (LB), HER2 subtype, and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Immunohistochemistry is the gold-standard evaluation, although interobserver variations are reported and molecular signatures identification is time-consuming. Fourier transform infrared micro-spectroscopy with machine learning approaches have been used to evaluate cancer samples, presenting biochemical-related explainability. However, this explainability is harder when using deep learning. This study created a 1D deep learning tool for breast cancer subtype evaluation and biochemical contribution. Sixty hyperspectral images were acquired from a human breast cancer microarray. K-Means clustering was applied to select tissue and paraffin spectra. CaReNet-V1, a novel 1D convolutional neural network, was developed to classify breast cancer (CA) and adjacent tissue (AT), and molecular subtypes. A 1D adaptation of Grad-CAM was applied to assess the biochemical impact to the classifications. CaReNet-V1 effectively classified CA and AT (test accuracy of 0.89), as well as HER2 and TNBC subtypes (0.83 and 0.86), with greater difficulty for LA and LB (0.74 and 0.68). The model enabled the evaluation of the most contributing wavenumbers to the predictions, providing a direct relationship with the biochemical content. Therefore, CaReNet-V1 and hyperspectral images is a potential approach for breast cancer biopsies assessment, providing additional information to the pathology report. Biochemical content impact feature may be used for other studies, such as treatment efficacy evaluation and development new diagnostics and therapeutic methods.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures, 2 table

Dual-path convolutional neural network using micro-FTIR imaging to predict breast cancer subtypes and biomarkers levels: estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2 and Ki67

Breast cancer molecular subtypes classification plays an import role to sort patients with divergent prognosis. The biomarkers used are Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), HER2, and Ki67. Based on these biomarkers expression levels, subtypes are classified as Luminal A (LA), Luminal B (LB), HER2 subtype, and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Immunohistochemistry is used to classify subtypes, although interlaboratory and interobserver variations can affect its accuracy, besides being a time-consuming technique. The Fourier transform infrared micro-spectroscopy may be coupled with deep learning for cancer evaluation, where there is still a lack of studies for subtypes and biomarker levels prediction. This study presents a novel 2D deep learning approach to achieve these predictions. Sixty micro-FTIR images of 320x320 pixels were collected from a human breast biopsies microarray. Data were clustered by K-means, preprocessed and 32x32 patches were generated using a fully automated approach. CaReNet-V2, a novel convolutional neural network, was developed to classify breast cancer (CA) vs adjacent tissue (AT) and molecular subtypes, and to predict biomarkers level. The clustering method enabled to remove non-tissue pixels. Test accuracies for CA vs AT and subtype were above 0.84. The model enabled the prediction of ER, PR, and HER2 levels, where borderline values showed lower performance (minimum accuracy of 0.54). Ki67 percentage regression demonstrated a mean error of 3.6%. Thus, CaReNet-V2 is a potential technique for breast cancer biopsies evaluation, standing out as a screening analysis technique and helping to prioritize patients.Comment: 32 pages, 3 figures, 6 table

Persistência de Vectobac WDG e Metoprag S-2g contra larvas de Aedes aegypti em ensaio simulado de campo no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Vectobac WDG) and methoprene (Metoprag S-2G) was evaluated against Aedes aegypti late third instar larvae of the Rockefeller strain in a semi-field bioassay. Tests were performed in Rio de Janeiro, using containers made of plastic, iron, concrete and asbestos, placed in a shaded area. The formulations used were 0.2 g of Vectobac-WDG and 1g of Metoprag S-2G per 100 liters of water in house storage containers. Vectobac WDG was tested twice, in March and in April/May, 2002. In March (temperature ranging from 21.5 to 39.3 ºC), 70-100% mortality was observed by the 7th day and declined abruptly thereafter. No significant differences were observed among the container types. In April/May (18.6 to 34.8 ºC) mortality was higher than 70% to 30-36 days in all cases, except in the iron container (40% mortality on the 12th day). Metoprag S-2G was evaluated in April/May, 2002, and induced mortality higher than 70% up to 15 days in the plastic and iron containers and only seven days in the concrete container. In the asbestos container, maximal mortality was achieved on day one post-treatment (66%). Our results point to a low persistence of both formulations in the weather conditions of Rio de Janeiro.A persistência de Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Vectobac WDG) e de Metoprene (Metoprag S-2G) contra larvas de terceiro estadio de Aedes aegypti (linhagem Rockefeller) foi avaliada em ensaios simulados de campo. Os testes foram realizados no Rio de Janeiro, em recipientes domésticos para estoque de água de plástico, ferro, cimento ou amianto, instalados em área sombreada. As formulações foram usadas nas concentrações de 0.2g / 100 l (Vectobac-WDG) e 1g / 100 l (Metoprag S-2G). Vectobac WDG foi submetido a dois testes, em março e abril/maio, 2002. Em março (temperaturas entre 21.5 e 39.3 ºC), 70-100% de mortalidade foi observada no sétimo dia, declinando posteriormente. Não houve diferença significativa entre os recipientes. Em abril / maio (18.6 a 34.8 ºC) a mortalidade foi superior a 70% até 30-36 dias em todos os casos, exceto no recipiente de ferro (40% de mortalidade no 12° dia). Metoprag S-2G, avaliado em abril / maio, 2002, induziu mortalidade acima de 70% durante 15 dias nos recipientes de plástico e de ferro e por apenas sete dias naquele de cimento. No recipiente de amianto, nunca se atingiu 70% de mortalidade. Estes resultados apontam para uma baixa persistência de ambas formulações nas condições climáticas do Rio de Janeiro

Efeito residual de duas formulações de Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis sobre Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) em condições de laboratório e em simulado de campo, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Resistance of the dengue vector to temephos stimulated its substitution for Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) since 2001 in Brazil. The persistence of the two Bti formulations employed at that time by the Health Ministry, Vectobac G and Aquabac G, was assayed under laboratory and outdoor conditions. Both formulations were tested at 0.2 g/10 liters of water, the same concentration applied in the field for vector control. The tests were done against Ae. aegypti third instar larvae (Rockefeller strain). In the laboratory, Vectobac G and Aquabac G caused at least 95% mortality until 101 and 45 days after treatment, respectively. In the outdoor assays, test containers of different materials were treated with either formulation and placed in a shaded area. Larvae were introduced each 3-6 days and mortality was recorded 24 and 48 hours later. In the first set of assays, performed in June 2001, mortality levels of 70% or more were attained for 2-5 weeks for both formulations in all containers. The exception was for the iron one that rusted, resulting in low mortality after seven days. In the second set of assays (August 2001), 70% mortality was attained for just 1-2 weeks for all the containers and both formulations.RESUMO Resistência do vetor de dengue, Aedes aegypti, a temephos estimulou sua substituição por Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) desde 2001 no Brasil. A persistência de duas formulações de Bti empregadas naquele ano pelo Ministério da Saúde, Vectobac G e Aquabac G, foi testada em condições externas e de laboratório. Ambas formulações foram testadas a 0,2 g/10 litros de água, a mesma concentração recomendada para o controle do vetor no campo. Os testes foram realizados com larvas de Ae. aegypti de terceiro estádio (linhagem Rockefeller). No laboratório, Vectobac G e Aquabac G induziram pelo menos 95% de mortalidade até 101 e 45 dias depois do tratamento, respectivamente. Nos testes externos, recipientes de diferentes materiais foram tratados com cada formulação e colocados em local coberto. Larvas foram introduzidas a cada três a seis dias e a mortalidade foi observada após 24 e 48 horas. Na primeira série de ensaios (junho 2001) mortalidade de 70% ou mais foi alcançada por duas a cinco semanas em todos os recipientes. A exceção foi o recipiente de metal que oxidou, resultando em baixos níveis de mortalidade após sete dias. Na segunda série de ensaios (agosto 2001), 70% de mortalidade foi obtida por apenas uma a duas semanas para todos os recipientes e para ambas formulações

Animal Performance and Productivity of a New Cultivar of \u3cem\u3eBrachiaria brizantha\u3c/em\u3e

Brazil has the competitive advantage of a very dynamic and cost-effective animal production system on pastures over other countries. The pursuit of more productive forages that will result in higher quality beef at a lower cost is justified. As Brachiaria is the most important forage genus utilised in Brazil, an intense search for new cultivars amongst collected and introduced ecotypes from Africa is underway. Following agronomic evaluation of this material in plots, 8 Brachiaria ecotypes were pre-selected. As part of Embrapa`s process of cultivar development, B. brizantha cv. Xaraés, characterised by high productivity (liveweight gain/area), was released in 2003, followed in 2007 by cv. Piatã, characterised by high nutritive value and consequently high animal performance (Euclides et al. 2009). From the 8 ecotypes pre-selected, one presented good traits for surviving dry periods (Euclides et al. 2001), which is the main constraint to herbage production under tropical and subtropical conditions. This study aimed to evaluate this ecotype under grazing conditions

A associação entre variáveis sócio-demográficas e plumbemia em crianças

Seeking to understand the magnitude of blood lead effects, this study investigated socio-demographic variables of children from a lead contaminated area. Anamnesis was carried out with 40 mothers of children between 7 and 13 years of age, 20 with low blood lead level (;20 µ/dl). Results indicate diminished concentration of children with high blood lead level over the years. This reduction is more pronounced in boys than in girls. Mothers of children with high blood lead levels report more development problems, complains at school, health, socialization and motor development problems. It was also evidenced that daughters of women whose pregnancy occurred far from sources of contamination, presented low blood lead level.Buscando comprender la dimensión de los efectos de la plumbemia (nivel de plomo en la sangre), este estudio investigó las variables socio-demográficas de niños residentes en una región contaminada por plomo. Para esto, fue realizada una anamnesis junto con las madres de 40 niños entre 7 y 13 años, siendo 20 con plumbemia baja (;20 µ/dl). Los resultados fueron categorizados y sometidos al análisis estadístico, el cual indicó una disminución de la concentración de niños en la clase de plumbemia alta para plumbemia baja en el recorrer de los años, siendo este declive más acentuado para los niños que para las niñas. Para los niños con plumbemia alta, las madres relataron más problemas de desarrollo, rendimiento escolar, problemas de salud, de socialización y motricidad. Además, se constató que los hijos de mujeres cuya gestación ocurrió lejos de la fuente de contaminación presentaron menor nivel de plumbemia.Na busca de compreender a dimensão dos efeitos da plumbemia (nível de chumbo no sangue), este estudo investigou as variáveis sócio-demográficas de crianças residentes em uma região contaminada por chumbo. Para isto, foi realizada uma anamnese junto às mães de 40 crianças entre 7 e 13 anos, sendo 20 com baixa plumbemia (;20 µ/dl). Os resultados foram categorizados e submetidos à análise estatística, que indicou diminuição da concentração de crianças na classe de alta plumbemia para baixa plumbemia no decorrer dos anos, sendo este declínio mais acentuado para os meninos do que para as meninas. Para as crianças com alta plumbemia, as mães relataram mais problemas de desenvolvimento, queixa escolar, problemas de saúde, de socialização e motricidade. Constatou-se ainda que as crianças filhas de mulheres cuja gestação ocorreu longe das fontes de contaminação apresentavam menor nível de plumbemia

The impact of Zika in Minas Gerais, Brazil : Epidemiological profile and spatial diffusion of the disease, 2015-2019

Objective: To overview the epidemiological profile for Zika in MG and map its spatial diffusion from 2015 (onset of the outbreak) to 2019. Method: this is a descriptive observational study based on three secondary databases: Disease Notification System (SINAN), the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Health Surveillance Secretariat of Minas Gerais State (SVS-SES/MG). The spatial diffusion of the confirmed cases was georeferenced with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Geographic Database (BDG), using ArcGIS 10.3 software. Results: in Minas Gerais, the spread of Zika was similar to other regions of Brazil. The first cases were recorded in 2015, reaching all 13 regions in 2016, declining in 2017 and 2018, increasing again in 2019. 10,465 cases were confirmed. Almost 80% of the reported cases were female and of these, 26.5% were pregnant women. Final considerations: in addition to socio-economic inequalities in Minas Gerais, it can be argued that women who are young, mixed-race, with low-education and from vulnerable areas are more likely to be affected by the disease. Analysis of disease epidemiology and mapping enhance the assessment of the impact of disease, thus contributing to more adequate public health policies and planning