Photovoltaics Noise Barrier: Acoustic and Energetic Study

AbstractIn the light of global warming, renewables such as solar photovoltaics (PV) are important to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. An important issue regarding implementation of solar panels on large scale, is the limited available area. Therefore, it can be interesting to combine PV with alternative applications, as a ways of not requiring “additional” space. One example is a photovoltaic noise barrier (PVNB), where a noise barrier located along a highway or railway is used as substructure for PV modules. Even though PVNB is not a novel concept, in this paper it is studied the best shape of the barrier to optimize the acoustic and energy properties

Comportamiento del trigo candeal en las condiciones ambientales del Valle Bonaerense del Río Colorado

p.101-106Con el fin de evaluar la adaptación del cultivo de trigo para fideos o trigo candeal (Triticum durum Desf.) a las condiciones ambientales del Valle Bonaerense del Río Colorado, las que incluyen riego, se realizó una serie de ensayos durante los años 1985-87. En ellos además se analizó la respuesta a la fertilización nitrogenada, tanto en rendimiento como en calidad de grano, empleando dos fuentes de nitrógeno. El cultivar Buck Candisur superó en rendimiento el resto de los comerciales, alcanzando un máximo de 6651 kg.ha-1 en 1987. Su contenido proteico fue bajo, siendo consistentemente superado por Bonaerense Quilacó. El que mostró un potencial de rendimiento algo menor, aunque no difirió estadísticamente de aquel. Ambos cultivares no difirieron en peso de mil granos o peso hectolítrico. La dosis de 100 kg de N.ha-1resultó la óptima para lograr un buen rendimiento con máxima eficiencia de uso del nitrógeno. A ese nivel no se detectaron diferencias significativas entre las fuentes de nitrógeno urea y sulfato de amonio. La dosis de 200 kg de N.ha-1 maximizó el contenido proteico

Influencia del tamaño de la semilla de trigo y sus reservas proteicas : II- el rendimiento de grano del cultivo subsecuente

p.17-24Para probar que se pueden obtener aumentos de rendimiento utilizando semillas grandes, se seleccionaron lotes del cv. Cooperación Cabildo que provenían de una red de fertilización y presentaban un rango de entre 18 y 40 g las mil semillas, y entre 9 y 18 por ciento de proteína. Con ellas se sembraron tres ensayos en dos años. El rendimiento se correlacionó positivamente con el peso de mil granos y negativamente con el porcentaje de proteína. No se obtuvo correlación del rendimiento con el peso seco de las plántulas ni con el porcentaje de emergencia. Ese mayor rendimiento se debió al incremento del número de espigas por m2

Evaluation in artificial intelligence: From task-oriented to ability-oriented measurement

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s10462-016-9505-7.The evaluation of artificial intelligence systems and components is crucial for the progress of the discipline. In this paper we describe and critically assess the different ways AI systems are evaluated, and the role of components and techniques in these systems. We first focus on the traditional task-oriented evaluation approach. We identify three kinds of evaluation: human discrimination, problem benchmarks and peer confrontation. We describe some of the limitations of the many evaluation schemes and competitions in these three categories, and follow the progression of some of these tests. We then focus on a less customary (and challenging) ability-oriented evaluation approach, where a system is characterised by its (cognitive) abilities, rather than by the tasks it is designed to solve. We discuss several possibilities: the adaptation of cognitive tests used for humans and animals, the development of tests derived from algorithmic information theory or more integrated approaches under the perspective of universal psychometrics. We analyse some evaluation tests from AI that are better positioned for an ability-oriented evaluation and discuss how their problems and limitations can possibly be addressed with some of the tools and ideas that appear within the paper. Finally, we enumerate a series of lessons learnt and generic guidelines to be used when an AI evaluation scheme is under consideration.I thank the organisers of the AEPIA Summer School On Artificial Intelligence, held in September 2014, for giving me the opportunity to give a lecture on 'AI Evaluation'. This paper was born out of and evolved through that lecture. The information about many benchmarks and competitions discussed in this paper have been contrasted with information from and discussions with many people: M. Bedia, A. Cangelosi, C. Dimitrakakis, I. GarcIa-Varea, Katja Hofmann, W. Langdon, E. Messina, S. Mueller, M. Siebers and C. Soares. Figure 4 is courtesy of F. Martinez-Plumed. Finally, I thank the anonymous reviewers, whose comments have helped to significantly improve the balance and coverage of the paper. This work has been partially supported by the EU (FEDER) and the Spanish MINECO under Grants TIN 2013-45732-C4-1-P, TIN 2015-69175-C4-1-R and by Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEOII2015/013.José Hernández-Orallo (2016). Evaluation in artificial intelligence: From task-oriented to ability-oriented measurement. 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STUDY OF A MODEL FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE HEAT LOSSES FROM ELECTRIC CABLES BURIED ACCORDING TO THE NORM STANDARD

The capacity of electrical cables buried in the same cross section depends on the capacity to dispose of heat into the ground around him. This depends on many factors: soil characteristics, moisture, installation mode etc. The CEI 20-21 regarding the uses expressions that sometimes are not very cautious and dimensioning of insufficient capacities for cables. This work has been done a study of the behavior of underground cable based on using a forecasting model that uses the techniques of cfd. This model was validated with a physical model in miniature, made from data collected in situ measurement campaigns carried out in underground conduits in the province of Foggia (Italy) that allowed the choice of the mesh to get more 'correct solution to of the problem. Thus it was possible to evaluate the differences with the CEI and attribute the correction factors that lead to more realistic value

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THERMAL FIELD DERIVING FROM AN UNDERGROUND ELECTRICAL POWER CABLE BURIED IN NON HOMOGENOUS SOILS

The electrical cables ampacity mainly depends on the cable system operation temperature. To achieve a better cable utilization and reduce the conservativeness typically employed in buried cable design, an accurate evaluation of the heat dissipation through the cables and the surrounding soil is important. In the traditional method adopted by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the computation of the thermal resistance between an existing underground cable system and the external environment, it is still assumed that the soil is homogeneous and has uniform thermal conductivity. Numerical studies have been conducted to predict the temperature distribution around the cable for various configurations and thermal properties of the soil. The paper presents an experimental study conducted on a scale model to investigate the heat transfer of a buried cable, with different geometrical configurations and thermal properties of the soil, and to validate a simplified model proposed by the authors in 2012 for the calculation of the thermal resistance between the underground pipe or electrical cable and the ground surface, in cases where the filling of the trench is filled with layers of materials with different thermal properties. Results show that experimental data are in good agreement with the numerical ones