Caracterización de poblaciones de alfalfa por tolerancia a sequía

El déficit hídrico (DH) es el estrés abiótico que afecta en mayor medida a la producción vegetal. Este factor se torna de vital importancia frente al cambio climático global que sugiere que el riesgo de sequía crecerá en el futuro (IPCC, 2007). La alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) es la principal especie forrajera del país con una superficie de siembra de alrededor de 3,4 millones de ha, de las cuales el 80% se cultiva bajo condición de secano y el 20% restante, con riego (Odorizzi, 2021). Esta especie ofrece un alto grado de flexibilidad durante DH debido a su capacidad para sobrevivir con éxito a los períodos en los que se manifiesta (Orloff et al., 2015). En los últimos años, como consecuencia de la expansión agrícola, este cultivo ha sido desplazado hacia ambientes de menor potencial productivo o con mayores restricciones climáticas. Por lo tanto, el desarrollo de cultivares más adaptados y con mayor tolerancia al DH puede contribuir a incrementar los rendimientos y sustentabilidad de los sistemas agrícolo-ganaderos de la Argentina.EEA ManfrediFil: Olivo, S. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Área de Producción Animal. Grupo de trabajo Producción de Carne Bovina; ArgentinaFil: Arolfo, V. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Área de Producción Animal. Grupo de trabajo de Recursos Forrajeros; ArgentinaFil: Odorizzi, A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Área de Producción Animal; Argentin

Evaluación económica de la alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) para henificación en el centro de la provincia de Córdoba Campaña 2021

Este trabajo es una actualización de los resultados económicos para el cultivo de alfalfa en el territorio centro de la Provincia de Córdoba y tiene como objetivo brindar información a los productores que estén interesados en la actividad para henificación y que se encuentran en el proceso de toma de decisiones.EEA ManfrediFil: Urrets Zavalía, G. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Área de Producción Animal. Grupo Recursos Forrajeros; ArgentinaFil: Barberis, N. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Departamento Economía, Estadística, Informática, Biblioteca y Comunicaciones. Economía; ArgentinaFil: Olivo, S. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Área de Producción Animal. Grupo de trabajo Producción de Carne Bovina; ArgentinaFil: Arolfo, V. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Área de Producción Animal. Grupo de trabajo de Recursos Forrajeros; ArgentinaFil: Odorizzi, Ariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Área de Producción Animal. Grupo Recursos Forrajeros; Argentin

GASTROSQUISIS, UNA ENTIDAD QUE NO DEBEMOS OLVIDAR, A PROPOSITO DE UN CASO

Introduction: The incidence of gastroschisis is increasing worldwide, but the causes and risk factors for this increase are not well understood. Gastroschisis pregnancies are usually more complicated due to the risk of preterm delivery and the complications that they bring. Case presentation: Neonatal patient with high social risk and insufficient prenatal controls with findings of gastroschisis by second trimester ultrasound, whoever was born was referred to the neonatal care unit where he received interdisciplinary medical management with subsequent surgical closure and prolonged stay in the NICU. Discussion: Despite the advances in the diagnosis and after the provision of prenatal medical care of newborns with gastroschisis, significant morbidity and mortality associated with permanent gastroschisis in the neonatal period. Conclusion: Gastroschisis is a defect of the abdominal cut with a low incidence, but with a tendency to increase, which implies the preparation of personal assistance in such a way that it can achieve a comprehensive approach from the moment of conception to the birth of the product. In order to decrease mortality secondary to complications.Introducción: La incidencia de la gastrosquisis está aumentando en todo el mundo, pero las causas y los factores de riesgo de este aumento no están bien aclarados, los embarazos con gastrosquisis suelen ser más complicados debido al riesgo de parto pretérmino y las complicaciones que estas traen. Presentación del caso: Paciente en edad neonatal con alto riesgo social y controles prenatales insuficientes con hallazgo de gastrosquisis por ecografía de segundo trimestre, quien al nacer fue remitido a unidad de cuidado neonatal donde recibió manejo médico interdisciplinario con posterior cierre quirúrgico y estancia prolongada en UCIN. Discusión: A pesar de los avances en el diagnóstico y posterior a la prestación de atención médica prenatal de los recién nacidos con gastrosquisis, una significativa morbilidad y mortalidad asociada con gastrosquisis permanecen en el período neonatal. Conclusión: La gastrosquisis es un defecto de la pared abdominal con una incidencia baja, pero con tendencia al aumento, lo cual implica la preparación de la personal asistencia de tal manera que se pueda lograr un abordaje integral desde el momento de la concepción hasta el nacimiento del producto con el fin de disminuir la mortalidad secundaria a complicaciones

Coordinated activation of distinct Ca²⁺ sources and metabotropic glutamate receptors encodes Hebbian synaptic plasticity

At glutamatergic synapses, induction of associative synaptic plasticity requires time-correlated presynaptic and postsynaptic spikes to activate postsynaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs). The magnitudes of the ensuing Ca2+ transients within dendritic spines are thought to determine the amplitude and direction of synaptic change. In contrast, we show that at mature hippocampal Schaffer collateral synapses the magnitudes of Ca2+ transients during plasticity induction do not match this rule. Indeed, LTP induced by time-correlated pre- and postsynaptic spikes instead requires the sequential activation of NMDARs followed by voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels within dendritic spines. Furthermore, LTP requires inhibition of SK channels by mGluR1, which removes a negative feedback loop that constitutively regulates NMDARs. Therefore, rather than being controlled simply by the magnitude of the postsynaptic calcium rise, LTP induction requires the coordinated activation of distinct sources of Ca2+ and mGluR1-dependent facilitation of NMDAR function

Disease Severity in Patients Infected with Leishmania mexicana Relates to IL-1β

Leishmania mexicana can cause both localized (LCL) and diffuse (DCL) cutaneous leishmaniasis, yet little is known about factors regulating disease severity in these patients. We analyzed if the disease was associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-1β (−511), CXCL8 (−251) and/or the inhibitor IL-1RA (+2018) in 58 Mexican mestizo patients with LCL, 6 with DCL and 123 control cases. Additionally, we analyzed the in vitro production of IL-1β by monocytes, the expression of this cytokine in sera of these patients, as well as the tissue distribution of IL-1β and the number of parasites in lesions of LCL and DCL patients. Our results show a significant difference in the distribution of IL-1β (−511 C/T) genotypes between patients and controls (heterozygous OR), with respect to the reference group CC, which was estimated with a value of 3.23, 95% CI = (1.2, 8.7) and p-value = 0.0167), indicating that IL-1β (−511 C/T) represents a variable influencing the risk to develop the disease in patients infected with Leishmania mexicana. Additionally, an increased in vitro production of IL-1β by monocytes and an increased serum expression of the cytokine correlated with the severity of the disease, since it was significantly higher in DCL patients heavily infected with Leishmania mexicana. The distribution of IL-1β in lesions also varied according to the number of parasites harbored in the tissues: in heavily infected LCL patients and in all DCL patients, the cytokine was scattered diffusely throughout the lesion. In contrast, in LCL patients with lower numbers of parasites in the lesions, IL-1β was confined to the cells. These data suggest that IL-1β possibly is a key player determining the severity of the disease in DCL patients. The analysis of polymorphisms in CXCL8 and IL-1RA showed no differences between patients with different disease severities or between patients and controls

Covid-19 And Rheumatic Autoimmune Systemic Diseases: Role of Pre-Existing Lung Involvement and Ongoing Treatments

The Covid-19 pandemic may have a deleterious impact on patients with autoimmune systemic diseases (ASD) due to their deep immune-system alterations

Inhibition of Post-Synaptic Kv7/KCNQ/M Channels Facilitates Long-Term Potentiation in the Hippocampus

Activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) facilitates the induction of synaptic plasticity and enhances cognitive function. In the hippocampus, M1 mAChR on CA1 pyramidal cells inhibit both small conductance Ca2+-activated KCa2 potassium channels and voltage-activated Kv7 potassium channels. Inhibition of KCa2 channels facilitates long-term potentiation (LTP) by enhancing Ca2+calcium influx through postsynaptic NMDA receptors (NMDAR). Inhibition of Kv7 channels is also reported to facilitate LTP but the mechanism of action is unclear. Here, we show that inhibition of Kv7 channels with XE-991 facilitated LTP induced by theta burst pairing at Schaffer collateral commissural synapses in rat hippocampal slices. Similarly, negating Kv7 channel conductance using dynamic clamp methodologies also facilitated LTP. Negation of Kv7 channels by XE-991 or dynamic clamp did not enhance synaptic NMDAR activation in response to theta burst synaptic stimulation. Instead, Kv7 channel inhibition increased the amplitude and duration of the after-depolarisation following a burst of action potentials. Furthermore, the effects of XE-991 were reversed by re-introducing a Kv7-like conductance with dynamic clamp. These data reveal that Kv7 channel inhibition promotes NMDAR opening during LTP induction by enhancing depolarisation during and after bursts of postsynaptic action potentials. Thus, during the induction of LTP M1 mAChRs enhance NMDAR opening by two distinct mechanisms namely inhibition of KCa2 and Kv7 channels

COVID-19 in rheumatic diseases in Italy: first results from the Italian registry of the Italian Society for Rheumatology (CONTROL-19)

OBJECTIVES: Italy was one of the first countries significantly affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. The Italian Society for Rheumatology promptly launched a retrospective and anonymised data collection to monitor COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs), the CONTROL-19 surveillance database, which is part of the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. METHODS: CONTROL-19 includes patients with RMDs and proven severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) updated until May 3rd 2020. In this analysis, only molecular diagnoses were included. The data collection covered demographic data, medical history (general and RMD-related), treatments and COVID-19 related features, treatments, and outcome. In this paper, we report the first descriptive data from the CONTROL-19 registry. RESULTS: The population of the first 232 patients (36% males) consisted mainly of elderly patients (mean age 62.2 years), who used corticosteroids (51.7%), and suffered from multi-morbidity (median comorbidities 2). Rheumatoid arthritis was the most frequent disease (34.1%), followed by spondyloarthritis (26.3%), connective tissue disease (21.1%) and vasculitis (11.2%). Most cases had an active disease (69.4%). Clinical presentation of COVID-19 was typical, with systemic symptoms (fever and asthenia) and respiratory symptoms. The overall outcome was severe, with high frequencies of hospitalisation (69.8%), respiratory support oxygen (55.7%), non-invasive ventilation (20.9%) or mechanical ventilation (7.5%), and 19% of deaths. Male patients typically manifested a worse prognosis. Immunomodulatory treatments were not significantly associated with an increased risk of intensive care unit admission/mechanical ventilation/death. CONCLUSIONS: Although the report mainly includes the most severe cases, its temporal and spatial trend supports the validity of the national surveillance system. More complete data are being acquired in order to both test the hypothesis that RMD patients may have a different outcome from that of the general population and determine the safety of immunomodulatory treatments

Micobatteriological control of diagnostic instrumentation

Introduction: In addition to sterility testings for common bacteria, from 2006 on we have introduced in our laboratory sterility tests for mycobacteria on surgical instruments such as bronchoscope and lava-endoscope fluid used for their sterilization as well. Methods: Bronchology and Pneumology SUN departments, doing bronchoscopies, regularly send to our laboratory bronchoscopes washing fluids. Bronchology department also sends liquids used in lavaendoscopes. Our standard protocol consists of liquids inoculation directly on Lowenstein - Jensen (LJ) solid ground and on Middlebrook 7H9 liquid medium into Mgit test tubes, both produced by Becton Dickinson, within 42 days (1, 5, 6). Results: When growth of acid-alcohol resistant bacilli was detected, they were identified through probes or Accuprobe bioMérieux Inno- LIPA Mycobacteria by Innogenetics. All positivite results were related to M. Gordonae. As for the liquids examined, we found one positivite result in liquid medium in 2006 and none in 2007. On the contrary, in 2008 and the first 6 months of 2009, we have identified the following positive results: 2008 - 2009 (6m) LJ pos TOT 20 C. Lavaendoscope 8 V. 12 FBS We linked the positive findings on equipment with positivity for M. gordonae observed in patients undergoing bronchoscopy. Conclusions: Data analysis indicates within the period 2008-2009 we observed a recurring positivity for M. gordonae on equipment and therefore in some patients. On a careful evaluation, they showed no signs of clinical infection, also considering that this mycobacteria is usually a saprophyte (2, 3, 4). However, the protocol we adopted allowed us to recognize equipment contamination at birth and to urge fellow users to review sterilization protocols