Riesgos psicosociales en el ámbito laboral. Mobbing

El Derecho de la protección social lleva enfrentándose, desde que surge el trabajo mismo, a la proliferación de riesgos laborales que amenazan la salud y la seguridad de los trabajadores. En esta atmósfera, desde el punto de vista normativo, se han buscado nuevas disposiciones que pudieran dar respuesta a los peligros que entrañan los riesgos laborales.Concretamente, debido a la proliferación de los avances tecnológicos, la recesión económica con la consiguiente precarización de los puestos de trabajo y, en general, los cambios sufridos en el mercado laboral, los riesgos laborales y, especialmente, los psicosociales están manifestándose con mayor virulencia.Es por ello que, a lo largo de este trabajo, se va a analizar el concepto de riesgo psicosocial y, más específicamente, la figura del mobbing, cuyos elementos configuradores siguen suscitando dudas a raíz de la carencia de disposiciones normativas que regulen dichos extremos y, en parte, como consecuencia de los ambiguos pronunciamientos judiciales. Además, van a analizarse los cauces adecuados para la defensa de situaciones vinculadas a los riesgos psicosociales y para el requerimiento de responsabilidades, concretamente de conductas hostigadoras representativas de acoso moral. Se profundizará en torno a la consideración del mobbing como contingencia profesional, estudiando los requisitos necesarios para su incorporación como enfermedad de trabajo.Para la mejor comprensión de la materia en general, se analizarán diversos pronunciamientos judiciales, detallando y diferenciando la posición de los tribunales en torno a los extremos relacionados con los riesgos psicosociales en general y con la figura del moobing en particular.<br /

Endogenous transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum during successive pregnancies across three generations of naturally infected sheep

[EN] Endogenous transplacental transmission, which occurs during pregnancy as the result of reactivation of a latent infection in the dam, is the main mechanism of propagation of Neospora caninum within cattle herds. However, the importance of this propagation mechanism has not yet been evaluated in relation to ovine neosporosis. In this study, involving three generations of ewes naturally infected by N. caninum, we demonstrated that endogenous transplacental transmission may also be highly efficient in the ovine host since transmission of infection occurred in 96.6% of gestations and the congenital infection rate ranged between 66.7 and 93%. Nevertheless, parasite burdens decreased gradually in consecutive generations. Reactivation of latent infections had a strong impact on the pregnancy outcome, with high mortality rates recorded in the offspring of the two first generations of ewes (21.4-46.1%). Histological examination of the brain revealed that all aborted foetuses had characteristic lesions of neosporosis (necrotic glial foci) and a few parasite cysts, whereas most stillborn and newborn lambs that died shortly after birth had non-specific lesions (mild glial foci without necrosis) and parasite cysts were more frequent. Microsatellite analysis revealed scarce genetic variability in the N. caninum population, in accordance with a scenario in which infections were of a single origin and were exclusively maintained by clonal propagation through endogenous transplacental transmissionSIThe present study was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain (INIA project RTA2014-00013

Indicadores de sustentabilidad para las cadenas de bioenergía en Uruguay

Un objetivo de la Agroecología es brindar información relevante para la toma de decisiones a nivel predial y nacional para la generación de políticas públicas. En Uruguay, el Ministerio de Industria, Energía y Minería está considerando promover la producción de energía alternativa a partir de biomasa de diferentes fuentes. Los indicadores de sostenibilidad definidos por GBEP (Global Bioenergy Partnership) para las cadenas de producción de bioenergía pueden ser una herramienta útil para fortalecer la toma de decisiones en materia de políticas energéticas. En este trabajo se presenta una evaluación de pertinencia y aplicabilidad de los 24 indicadores de sustentabilidad propuestos por la GBEP para evaluar el proceso de producción de Bioenergía en base a residuos de biomasa forestal, producción de biodiesel y producción de bioetanol en Uruguay. Se identificaron indicadores pertinentes, y necesidades de reformulación de algunos indicadores, desde una perspectiva agroecológica.One of the goals of Agroecology is to offer relevant information for decision making at the farm and national levels to generate public policy. In Uruguay, the Ministry of Industry, Energy, and Mining, is considering to promote the production of alternative energy from biomass from different sources. Sustainability indicators defined by GBEP (Global Bioenergy Partnership) for bioenergy production chains can be a tool to strengthen the decision making in energy policy. In this paper we present an evaluation of relevance and feasibility of the 24 sustainability indicators proposed by GBEP to evaluate bioenergy production from forest residues, biodiesel and bioethanol in Uruguay. Relevant indicators were identified, as well as the need to reformulate some of these, from an agroecological perspective.Eje A4: Ambiente, Naturaleza y AgroecologíaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Cellular and humoral functional responses after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination differ longitudinally between naive and subjects recovered from COVID-19

We have analyzed BNT162b2 vaccine-induced immune responses in naive subjects and individuals recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), both soon after (14 days) and later after (almost 8 months) vaccination. Plasma spike (S)-specific immunoglobulins peak after one vaccine shot in individuals recovered from COVID-19, while a second dose is needed in naive subjects, although the latter group shows reduced levels all along the analyzed period. Despite how the neutralization capacity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mirrors this behavior early after vaccination, both groups show comparable neutralizing antibodies and S-specific B cell levels late post-vaccination. When studying cellular responses, naive individuals exhibit higher SARS-CoV-2-specific cytokine production, CD4+ T cell activation, and proliferation than do individuals recovered from COVID-19, with patent inverse correlations between humoral and cellular variables early post-vaccination. However, almost 8 months post-vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific responses are comparable between both groups. Our data indicate that a previous history of COVID-19 differentially determines the functional T and B cell-mediated responses to BNT162b2 vaccination over time.C.d.F., J.G.-P., and J.A. are supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCII). We thank JM Ligos and Cytek Biosciences for their technical support. Research in E.L.-C.’s lab was supported by Fundación Familia Alonso, Santander Bank, Real Seguros, Fundación Mutua Madrileña, Fundación Uria, Fundación La Caixa, and Ayuntamiento de Madrid.S

Detection of kinase domain mutations in BCR::ABL1 leukemia by ultra-deep sequencing of genomic DNA

The screening of the BCR::ABL1 kinase domain (KD) mutation has become a routine analysis in case of warning/failure for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) Philadelphia (Ph)-positive patients. In this study, we present a novel DNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) methodology for KD ABL1 mutation detection and monitoring with a 1.0E-4 sensitivity. This approach was validated with a well-stablished RNA-based nested NGS method. The correlation of both techniques for the quantification of ABL1 mutations was high (Pearson r = 0.858, p < 0.001), offering DNA-DeepNGS a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 82%. The clinical impact was studied in a cohort of 129 patients (n = 67 for CML and n = 62 for B-ALL patients). A total of 162 samples (n = 86 CML and n = 76 B-ALL) were studied. Of them, 27 out of 86 harbored mutations (6 in warning and 21 in failure) for CML, and 13 out of 76 (2 diagnostic and 11 relapse samples) did in B-ALL patients. In addition, in four cases were detected mutation despite BCR::ABL1 < 1%. In conclusion, we were able to detect KD ABL1 mutations with a 1.0E-4 sensitivity by NGS using DNA as starting material even in patients with low levels of disease

Investigación joven con perspectiva de género III

Actas del III Congreso Internacional de Estudios de Género, Perspectivas y Retos de Futuro: Jóvenes Investigadores (Getafe, 13 - 15 de junio de 2018) organizado por el Instituto Universitario de Estudios de Género de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

All-cause mortality in the cohorts of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS) compared with the general population: 1997Ł2010

Abstract Background: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has produced significant changes in mortality of HIVinfected persons. Our objective was to estimate mortality rates, standardized mortality ratios and excess mortality rates of cohorts of the AIDS Research Network (RIS) (CoRIS-MD and CoRIS) compared to the general population. Methods: We analysed data of CoRIS-MD and CoRIS cohorts from 1997 to 2010. We calculated: (i) all-cause mortality rates, (ii) standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and (iii) excess mortality rates for both cohort for 100 personyears (py) of follow-up, comparing all-cause mortality with that of the general population of similar age and gender. Results: Between 1997 and 2010, 8,214 HIV positive subjects were included, 2,453 (29.9%) in CoRIS-MD and 5,761 (70.1%) in CoRIS and 294 deaths were registered. All-cause mortality rate was 1.02 (95% CI 0.91-1.15) per 100 py, SMR was 6.8 (95% CI 5.9-7.9) and excess mortality rate was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9) per 100 py. Mortality was higher in patients with AIDS, hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection, and those from CoRIS-MD cohort (1997. Conclusion: Mortality among HIV-positive persons remains higher than that of the general population of similar age and sex, with significant differences depending on the history of AIDS or HCV coinfection

El acceso al ordenador de personas con discapacidad (segunda parte)

El proyecto se llevó a cabo en el centro AMICA. El material consiste en un cuestionario a utilizar como herramienta sencilla para la valoración de las necesidades de acceso al ordenador. Mediante este cuestionario es posible detectar necesidades de tipo físico, perceptivo sensorial, cognitivo y social. Para ello hay una serie de items en forma de frase en los que hay que marcar si el usuario cumple o no, o si realiza, entiende, etc. El material utilizado fue: ordenador, material informático y fungible.Gobierno de Cantabria. Consejería de Educación y JuventudCantabriaES