Exploring the potential energy landscape over a large parameter-space

Solving large polynomial systems with coefficient parameters are ubiquitous and constitute an important class of problems. We demonstrate the computational power of two methods - a symbolic one called the Comprehensive Grobner basis and a numerical one called the cheater's homotopy - applied to studying both potential energy landscapes and a variety of questions arising from geometry and phenomenology. Particular attention is paid to an example in flux compactification where important physical quantities such as the gravitino and moduli masses and the string coupling can be efficiently extracted

Anaesthesiology trainees and their needs: a Romanian perspective. Results from a European survey

Anaesthesiology training is going through continuous transformations worldwide. Recent data from a European Survey on anaesthesiology postgraduate trainees and their concerns have been published for the first time, following an initiative by the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Among the responders of this survey, 10.8% were represented by Romanian trainees. The main needs of the Romanian anaesthesiology trainees who completed the questionnaire were, in descending order educational contents/EDAIC, technical skills, exchange programmes, residency workload, residency costs and autonomy transition. Another observation coming from the analysed data is that Romanian anaesthesiologists in training are highly concerned and interested in the field of intensive care medicine. The results also pinpoint to the high costs associated with continuous medical education, leading to a high incentive for workforce migration.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The main concerns of European anaesthesiology postgraduate trainees: A European survey

This is the first study intended to identify the European anaesthesiology trainees' main concerns, to initiate a process of improvement of the training in anaesthesiology by the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA). The authors developed an electronic survey which addressed seven different concerns: autonomy transition, technical skills, exchange programs, residency costs, residency workload, employment prospects and educational contents/preparation for the European Diploma in Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (EDAIC). The survey was disseminated by email to all anaesthesiology trainees registered in ESA and all European National Societies were asked to distribute the survey to their graduating trainees. 665 trainees initiated the survey with a completion rate of 54.6%. The trainees' main concerns were in descending order: educational contents, residency costs, employment prospects, residency workload, exchange programs, technical skills and autonomy transition. This report analyzes the three main concerns in more detail. 68% of respondents were unaware of the existence of the ESA e-learning platform. Other means to improve the preparation for the EDAIC such as a multiple-choice questions book should be developed. The main reason for not becoming an ESA Trainee member was the associated cost and 68% of respondents gave up activities or opportunities during their residency due to economic constraints; 56% of respondents considered emigrating for economic reasons and 28% elected Northern/Central Europe. The results of the present survey may provide additional background information for the development of specific improvements in strategies for training in anaesthesiology. (c) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

MACDA II: A New Reanalysis for the Martian Atmosphere Using Vertically-Resolved Dust Opacity Observations.

The dust cycle is a key component of the Martian climate, and is extremely important for understanding the interannual, seasonal and synoptic evolution of the Martian environment. (e.g., Kahre et al., 2017; Newman et al., 2002a, and references therein). Intensive measurements of atmospheric temperature and dust extending over more than eleven Mars years (MY) now exist with unprecedented spatial coverage, thanks to various orbital spacecraft. Such observations have already helped to improve our understanding of Mars' weather and climate. However, the incomplete coverage of these measurements across the planet constrains our ability to study the general circulation in full detail, particularly those aspects related to dust opacity. On the other hand, numerical models provide four-dimensional simulated data with moderate to high temporal and spatial resolution and complete coverage in space and time, but often fail to reproduce the dust cycle's full range of variability. Even the most sophisticated free-running GCMs still struggle to capture realistic interannual variability associated with dust lifting and transport. To aid in this task, data assimilation has become an optimal approach to provide a solution that is consistent with both observations and modeled physical constraints. Data assimilation corrects model-predicted variables toward observations such that the resulting solution can represent the full observed variability of the climate. Such an assimilated record is often termed a “reanalysis” by analogy with the practice in Earth weather and climate forecasting. Several publicly available reanalyses of observations of the Martian atmosphere have been produced in recent years, based mainly on remote sounding measurements of atmospheric temperature, dust and ice opacity and chemical constituents from various orbital platforms (e.g. Montabone et al. 2014; Greybush et al. 2019; Holmes et al. 2020). However, almost all of these have so far mainly used measurements of column dust opacity without information on the vertical distribution of dust. Such products provide much useful information on how dust evolves during the Martian year, but may misrepresent some important features, such as elevated layers of dust (Heavens et al. 2011), and give no information on the vertical extent of dust loading in the atmosphere. In the present work, we have extended the Analysis Correction assimilation scheme (Lorenc et al. 1991), as used for the MACDA and OPENMARS reanalyses, to make use of both column-integrated (CIDO) and layer-integrated dust opacity (LIDO), such as obtained from Mars Climate Sounder limb observations. Here we outline the new assimilation scheme and present some results (a) that validate the reanalysis with independent observations and (b) that demonstrate significant improvements in the representation of the 3D distribution of dust opacity in the Martian atmosphere, even when this distribution differs markedly from the long term climatology

Assimilation of both column‐ and layer‐integrated dust opacity observations in the Martian atmosphere

A new dust data assimilation scheme has been developed for the UK version of the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD) Martian General Circulation Model. The Analysis Correction scheme (adapted from the UK Met Office) is applied with active dust lifting and transport to analyze measurements of temperature, and both column-integrated dust optical depth (CIDO), τref (rescaled to a reference level), and layer-integrated dust opacity (LIDO). The results are shown to converge to the assimilated observations, but assimilating either of the dust observation types separately does not produce the best analysis. The most effective dust assimilation is found to require both CIDO (from Mars Odyssey/THEMIS) and LIDO observations, especially for Mars Climate Sounder data that does not access levels close to the surface. The resulting full reanalysis improves the agreement with both in-sample assimilated CIDO and LIDO data and independent observations from outside the assimilated dataset. It is thus able to capture previously elusive details of the dust vertical distribution, including elevated detached dust layers that have not been captured in previous reanalyses. Verification of this reanalysis has been carried out under both clear and dusty atmospheric conditions during Mars Years 28 and 29, using both in-sample and out of sample observations from orbital remote sensing and contemporaneous surface measurements of dust opacity from the Spirit and Opportunity landers. The reanalysis was also compared with a recent version of the Mars Climate Database (MCD v5), demonstrating generally good agreement though with some systematic differences in both time mean fields and day-to-day variability

Acute Viral Hepatitis A – Clinical, Laboratory and Epidemiological Characteristics

Background and Aims: Infection with hepatitis A virus is still one of the most common causes of hepatitis worldwide. The clinical manifestation of acute hepatitis A (AHA) in adults can vary greatly, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe and fulminant hepatitis. The aim of this study was to describe the demographic, clinical characteristics, laboratory features and hospital outcome of adult patients with AHA over a consecutive period of 4 years within an area from Eastern European country. Methods: Two hundred and two adult patients diagnosed with AHA were retrospective, observational and analytic analized over a period of 4 years. Based on prothrombin time less than 50, the study group was stratified in medium (79.2%) and severe forms (20.8%). We investigated the clinical, laboratory and epidemiological features. Statistical analysis were applied to compare the medium and severe forms of AHA. Results: Most patients (72.7%) were younger than 40 years. The main symptoms included: dyspepsia (72.07%), jaundice (86.63%), asteno-adynamia (86.72%), and flu-like symptoms (53.46%). The hemorrhagic cutaneous-mucous manifestations (6.93%) associated with the severe forms of AHA (OR =12.19, 95%CI -3.59 - 41.3, p =0.001). We found statistically significant differences for PT (p <0.001), INR (p <0.001), TQ (p <0.001), ALAT (p <0.001), ASAT (p <0.001), ALP (p <0.001) and platelets (p =0.009) between severe and medium AHA forms. We found that TQ, INR, ALAT and ASAT have the highest diagnostic values, statistically significant (p <0.05 ) for severe AHA forms with AUC (0.99, 0.99, 0.72, 0.70) at values of sensitivity (95%, 90.5%, 89%, 95%) and specificity (98%, 99%, 88%,94%). Conclusions Medium severity AHA forms were found in most of the study group patients (79.2%). The severe AHA forms were associated with hemorrhagic cutaneous-mucous manifestations (OR =12.19, p =0.001). The univariate analysis proved a negatively statistically significant correlation between IP and ALAT, ASAT. The present study revealed that TQ, INR and ALAT have the highest diagnostic values and are statistically significant for severe AHA forms

A Lorenz/Boer energy budget for the atmosphere of Mars from a “reanalysis” of spacecraft observations

We calculate a Lorenz energy budget for the Martian atmosphere from reanalysis derived from Mars Global Surveyor data for Mars years 24–27. We present global, annual mean energy and conversion rates per unit area and per unit mass and compare these to Earth data. The directions of the energy conversion terms for Mars are similar to Earth, with the exception of the barotropic conversion between zonal and eddy kinetic energy reservoirs. Further, seasonal and hemispheric decomposition reveals a strong conversion between zonal energy reservoirs over the year, but these balance each other out in global and annual mean. On separating the diurnal timescale, the contribution to the conversion terms and eddy kinetic energy for diurnal and shorter timescales in many cases (especially during planet-encircling dust storms) exceeds the contribution of longer timescales. This suggests that thermal tides have a significant effect on the generation of eddy kinetic energy