Expectativas y Proyectos de Futuro de Jóvenes Estudiantes Secundarios : Un estudio sobre aspiraciones y segmentación social del sistema educativo chileno

Fil: Sepúlveda V., Leandro. Universidad Alberto Hurtado.Fil: Valdebenito I., María José. Universidad Alberto Hurtado

Haemoglobin and size dependent constraints on swimbladder inflation in fish larvae

In developmental studies of fish species (especially physostomians) it could be demonstrated, that the lack of haemoglobin during larval and juvenile stages is a relatively common phenomenon. Generally it is linked with body translucency. In representatives of the families Galaxiidae, Osmeridae and Clupeidae, partly reared, partly observed immediately after being caught in the wild, it turned out, that this condition coincides with a considerable delay in swimbladder inflation. To determine the moment of its first inflation, larvae placed in a hermetic chamber were observed under a dissecting microscope. While lowering the pressure, the expanding swimbladder showed whether or not its content is really gaseous. The reason postulated to be responsible for the delayed inflation is that larvae lacking haemoglobin do not have the possibility of oxygen transport to their buoyancy organ by means of the blood. Apart of this, capillarity force calculations and body force estimations show that with decreasing size the constraints linked with surface tension increase overproportionally. While in larger sized larvae like trout we could demonstrate inflation by swallowing air, in species with small larvae this was not the case. Below a certain size, even in physostomians, the ductus pneumaticus is no alternative to the blood pathway for swimbladder inflation

Expectativas y proyectos de futuro de jóvenes estudiantes secundarios: un estudio sobre aspiraciones y segmentación social del sistema educativo chileno

La masificación de la educación superior y el fin del carácter elitista de este nivel educativo es uno de los rasgos más relevantes de las transformaciones ocurridas en la sociedad chilena en los últimos años, implicando cambios sustanciales en las aspiraciones de futuro y proyectos educativo-laborales de las nuevas generaciones de jóvenes y sus familias. Este hecho no puede desligarse del surgimiento de nuevas demandas sociales respecto al objetivo, modalidad de implementación y financiamiento del sistema educativo, constituyéndolo como el tema más relevante de las políticas públicas en los últimos años. El número de estudiantes en la educación superior ha tenido un crecimiento vertiginoso en la última década. Mientras que en el año 1990 la matrícula bruta en el sistema alcanzaba al 16,9% de los jóvenes entre 18 y 24 años, en el año 2011 esta se empinaba al 48% del total, representando una cifra superior al millón de personas de este tramo de edad. En los años recientes, la tasa de ingreso al sistema de educación superior por cada cohorte supera el 60% del total de egresados de la enseñanza secundaria, manteniéndose una tasa de incremento constante, particularmente en los sectores de menores ingresos sector que, hasta hace poco, evidenciaba un rezago significativo en relación al resto. Este aumento de la cobertura ha sido liderado por la oferta del sector privado de la educación superior que concentra más del 75% del total de la matrícula de nivel superior en la actualidad.Mesa 29: Juventud divino tesoro: jóvenes, trabajo y educación.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Projeto-piloto de promoção comercial de frutas da produção integrada: fundamentos e resultados.

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"Llegim en parella" : els familiars com uns molt bons tutors de lectura

El programa Llegim en parella es proposa millorar la comprensió lectora de l'alumnat a través de la tutoria entre iguals i la participació familiar. Aquest programa impulsat pel GRAI (Grup de Recerca sobre Aprenentatge entre Iguals) de la UAB, es va dur a la pràctica per primera vegada l'any 2005 en un centre pilot. A partir de llavors, hi han participat un total de 1500 escoles, 6751 alumnes, 281 docents i 3470 famílies pertanyents a diferents xarxes de Catalunya, País Basc, Saragossa i Navarra.El programa Leemos en pareja, se propone mejorar la comprensión lectora del alumnado a través de la tutoría entre iguales y la participación familiar. Este programa impulsado por GRAI (Grupo de Investigación sobre Aprendizaje entre Iguales) de la UAB, se llevó a la práctica por primera vez en 2005 en un centro piloto. A partir de entonces, han participado un total de 1500 escuelas, 6751 alumnos, 281 docentes y 3.470 familias pertenecientes a diferentes redes de Cataluña, País Vasco, Zaragoza y Navarra

Small is fast: astrocytic glucose and lactate metabolism at cellular resolution

Brain tissue is highly dynamic in terms of electrical activity and energy demand. Relevant energy metabolites have turnover times ranging from milliseconds to seconds and are rapidly exchanged between cells and within cells. Until recently these fast metabolic events were inaccessible, because standard isotopic techniques require use of populations of cells and/or involve integration times of tens of minutes. Thanks to fluorescent probes and recently available genetically-encoded optical nanosensors, this Technology Report shows how it is now possible to monitor the concentration of metabolites in real-time and in single cells. In combination with ad hoc inhibitor-stop protocols, these probes have revealed a key role for K(+) in the acute stimulation of astrocytic glycolysis by synaptic activity. They have also permitted detection of the Warburg effect in single cancer cells. Genetically-encoded nanosensors currently exist for glucose, lactate, NADH and ATP, and it is envisaged that other metabolite nanosensors will soon be available. These optical tools together with improved expression systems and in vivo imaging, herald an exciting era of single-cell metabolic analysis

Cancro europeu das pomáceas (Nectria galligena = Neonectria galligena).

O Cancro Europeu é uma doença causada pelo fungo Neonectria galligena que infecta macieiras bem como outras pomáceas e algumas outras espécies de plantas silvestres. No Brasil, está oficialmente reconhecido como Praga Quarentenária Ausente (A I). Devido ao relato da suspeita de focos isolados em pomares de macieiras, tem-se a necessidade de realizar um levantamento para identificá-Ios, delimitar a sua ocorrência e aplicar as medidas de controle recomendadas. Dessa forma, é importante que o produtor juntamente com seu responsável técnico informe à CIDASC sobre a presença de plantas "suspeitas", para que se tenha o dimensionamento real da disseminação da doença em Santa Catarina.bitstream/item/200905/1/13993-2012-p.17.pd

Efeito do 1-MCP no desenvolvimento de podridões em maçã.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do 1-MCP em maçãs MaxiGala expostas a diferentes atmosferas (ATM), no progresso da doença ocasionada por Botrytis cinerea e Cryptosporiopsis brasiliensis.(Embrapa Uva e Vinho. Documentos, 99

A Network approach of gambling disorder profile with and without related illegal acts

Gambling disorder (GD) is a complex mental health condition that can cause many severe psychological, physical, and social impairment. Illegal acts have been recognized in quite a few cases because of the debts related with the gambling activity. This study used network methodology to visualize the relationships among patients seeking treatment for gambling related problems, separately for the patients with and without illegal behaviors. The aim is to identify the diverse and differentiate mechanisms, as well as the central nodes, that occur within GD patients depending on the presence/absence of illegal acts. The sample included N = 401 patients (age range 18 to 80 years). Network analysis was performed considering the nodes that measure gambling features (the core symptoms based on the DSM-5 taxonomy, global symptom severity, and forms of gambling), psychopathology distress, substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs), and personality traits. Two separate networks were adjusted for patients with illegal acts (n = 105) and without these behaviors (n = 296). The most relevant nodes among patients with GD plus illegal acts were self-transcendence and the GD DSM-5 symptom "A7-lies to conceal the extent of gambling" (these variables were also identified as the bridge nodes, those with the highest linkage capacity). Among the patients with GD without illegal acts, the node with the greatest authority was the GD DSM-5 symptom "A5-often gambles when feeling distressed" (this was also the variable with the highest linkage capacity). The study provides empirical evidence of the most relevant features and the linkage capacity among patients seeking treatment for problematic gambling, which can support the development of precise plans for treatment and prevention of the risk of GDRIA

Effect of the age of broodstock males on sperm function during cold storage in the trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The knowledge of sperm quality in the broodstock males of different ages is a prerequisite to identify the reproductive ability of cultivated fish for the hatchery management. Thus, in this work, we analysed sperm function of the semen stored of broodstock males of rainbow trout (Oncorhychus mykiss) in different reproductive ages (2, 3 and 4years old). Sperm samples of each reproductive age were stored in Storfish((R)) during 10days at 4 degrees C, and then, motility, viability, mitochondrial function (MMP), superoxide anion (O-2(-)) level and DNA fragmentation (DNA(frag)) were assessed. The results demonstrated that sperm function parameters were affected significantly by the age of the males and the time of storage. Motility, viability and MMP significantly decreased, and DNA(frag) and O-2(-) level increased with the age increment and the time of storage. In conclusion, sperm quality of 2 and 3years old were superior to those of 4years old, based on higher quality of various sperm functions such as motility, viability, MMP, DNA integrity and level O-2(-) during short-term storage. This information must be considered for optimum utilization of broodstock males in aquacultur