A Historical Account of Difference: A Comparative History of the Literary Cultures of Latin America

In his article A Historical Account of Difference: A Comparative History of the Literary Cultures of Latin America, Mario J. Valdés addresses the well-recognized limitations of literary history as historical research. Valdés outlines the theoretical thinking that has guided the editors of The Oxford Comparative History of Latin American Literary Cultures to plan, organize, and complete the first history of literary culture of Latin America. The project is comparative, recognizing the radical diversity of the continent while at the same time it is an open-ended history that informs but does not attempt to provide a totalizing account of more than five hundred years of cultural development among the heterogeneous entities that make up Latin America. Valdés begins by considering the paradox of literary history, he then suggests ways that literary history can be shaped by the work of Michel Foucault, and he proposes a framework for a hermeneutics of literary history. Valdés also considers the challenges that face the literary historian whose work now includes cultural history. All of these considerations are then placed within the context of an effort to create a literary and cultural history of Latin America

Unamuno en el crisol, 1895-1912: la elaboración de la dialéctica abierta

[ES] La primera indicación concreta en la obra de Unamuno de lo que sería la dialéctica abierta se expone en En torno al casticismo (1895): "Es preferible, creo, seguir otro método: el de afirmación alternativa de los contradictorios; es preferible hacer resaltar la fuerza de los extremos en el alma del lector para que el medio tome en ella vida, que es resultante de lucha" (vol. I: 784). Sin embargo, todavía faltaban arios de reflexión y de angustia espiritual para que se logrará plenamente en Del sentimiento trágico (1912). Este ensayo presenta un esbozo de esa trayectoria de la contradicción a la dialéctica. Paso a paso, Unamuno construye todo un lenguaje filosófico y metafórico para describir un sistema dinámico, una corriente que no se tiene que estancar para ser comentada y descrita. Para 1908 empieza a reescribir su "Tratado del amor de Dios" en una dialéctica abierta, elaborando en cada paso la filosofía de la tensión creativa. El "Tratado" se convierte en Del sentimiento trágico al terminar la transferencia de contradicción en dialéctica abierta.[EN] The first concrete indication in Unamuno's writings of what would eventually be an open clialectic is in En torno al casticismo (1895): "It is preferable, I believe, to follow another approach: the alternative affirmation of contraries; it is preferable to bring out the power of the extreme positions in the soul of the reader so that the median point that results from this struggle comes forth" (I: 784; my trans.). Nevertheless, years of reflection and of personal anguish were to pass before the dialectic took its final form in Del sentimiento trágico (1912). In this essay I outline the trajectory that took him from contradiction to dialectic. Step by step, Unamuno constructed a philosophical and metaphorical language that could describe a dynamic system, a running current that did not have to be stilled in order to be described. By 1908 Unamuno began to rewrite "Tratado del amor de Dios" which he had started in 1905. He rewrote it as an open dialectic that brought out the creative tension of the force field. The "Tratado del amor de Dios" becomes Del sentimiento trágico de la vida en los hombres y los pueblos; the transformation marks the culmination of the transition from contradiction to open dialectic

Energy loss of protons and deuterons at low energies in Pd polycrystalline thin films

We have investigated experimentally and by computer simulations the energy loss  distributions of low energy (E <10 keV) protons and deuterons transmitted through  polycrystalline palladium thin flms. In contrast with previous experiments on various transition metals we find that the stopping power of Pd is proportional to the ion velocity. Data of protons and deuterons are coincident within the experimental uncertainties, showing the absence of an isotopic effect on the stopping power of Pd in this energy range. The experimental results were analyzed and compared with Monte Carlo computer simulations and previous theoretical models. The dference in the velocity dependence of the energy loss of hydrogen ions in Pd with respect to other transition metals (Cu, Ag and Au) is explained by a theoretical analysis based on the properties of the d-electron bands of those elements.Fil: Celedón, C.. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (Centro Atómico Bariloche); ArgentinaFil: Sanchez, Esteban Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (Centro Atómico Bariloche); Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, Mario Sergio Jesus. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (Centro Atómico Bariloche); Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Arista, Nestor Ricardo. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (Centro Atómico Bariloche); Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Uribe, J. D.. Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Colisiones Atómicas; ChileFil: Mery, M.. Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Colisiones Atómicas; ChileFil: Valdés, J. E.. Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Colisiones Atómicas; ChileFil: Vargas, P.. Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Colisiones Atómicas; Chil

Association between bullying and major depressive disorder in a psychiatric consultation

Assess if there is a significant association between being bullied and presenting depressive symptoms. Materials and methods: In the March---October period of the present year, 8---16-year-old children and adolescents that attended psychiatric consultation for the first time in Dr. Eleuterio González Hospital were included in this study. Test Bull-S was used to determine the presence of bullying (Victim subtype); to evaluate depression 2 instruments were used according to age: Children’s Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) for 8---12-year olds and the Birleson Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS) for 13---16-year olds. A total of 147 clinical patients were studied (73 women and 74 men). Data were captured in excel and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program was used for statistical analysis. Results: A very significant association was found between being bullied and presenting depression (X2 = .289, p = .0004). Conclusions: These data are in agreement with national and international studies, therefore, reinforcing the evidence of such association. This is why we suggest inquiring about bullying in children and adolescents whose chief complaint is depressive symptomatolog

Cirugía combinada cardiaca y pulmonar en un paciente con un histoplasmoma

ResumenLa histoplasmosis pulmonar y su diseminación hemática con el desarrollo de una endocarditis sobre la válvula pulmonar son extremadamente infrecuentes. Presentamos un niño de 10 años que, como complicaciones de una histoplasmosis pulmonar, desarrolló una caverna en la base del pulmón derecho que se fistulizó a un vaso sanguíneo pulmonar y que además presentaba vegetaciones en la válvula pulmonar con peligro de causar infartos pulmonares e insuficiencia valvular pulmonar severa, que obligaron a realizar una compleja intervención quirúrgica cardiopulmonar en un solo tiempo, donde se realizó la resección completa del lóbulo inferior del pulmón derecho, se cerró la comunicación interventricular y se reconstruyó la válvula pulmonar con 3 velos de pericardio autólogo. Seis meses después, el paciente está asintomático, con reexpansión de los lóbulos restantes del pulmón derecho, y la ecocardiografía transtorácica muestra un buen funcionamiento de la neoválvula pulmonar construida con el pericardio autólogo.AbstractIsolated pulmonary valve endocarditis is extremely rare in a patient with histoplasmosis. The case is presented of a ten year-old child, who, as complications of histoplasmosis, developed a cavern at the base of the right lung that fistulised into a pulmonary blood vessel, as well as presenting with vegetations in the pulmonary valve. As there was a danger of pulmonary infarctions and sever pulmonary valve insufficiency, a complete resection of the lower right lung lobe was necessary. The interventicular communication was closed and the pulmonary valve was reconstructed with three autologous pericardial flaps. Six months later, the patient is symptomatic, with re-expansion of the remaining right lung lobes, and the trans-thoracic echocardiography showed good functioning of the newly pulmonary valve constructed with autologous pericardial flaps

Nuclear medicine procedures and the evaluation of male sexual organs: a short review

Sexuality consists of three aspects that are interrelated and inseparable, biological, physiological and social. The biological aspect considers the individual's capability to give and to receive pleasure. In consequence, it covers the functionality of the sexual organs and the physiology of human sexual response cycle. Diagnostic imaging modalities, such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) have been used to evaluate clinical disorders of the male reproductive system. PET and SPECT procedures basically involve the administration of a radiopharmaceutical that has a higher uptake in a specific tumor or tissue. The aim of this brief review is to present some radiopharmaceuticals that have been used in the clinical evaluation of the male sexual organs (testes, prostate, seminal vesicles, penis) related with male sexuality. This information could be useful in better understanding the male sexual response cycle, as well as the sexual disorders, when considering the male sexual organs and the pelvic floor. Moreover, the findings obtained with PET and SPECT imaging could help to evaluate the efficacy of clinical results of therapeutic procedures. In conclusion, the knowledge from these images could aid in better understanding the physiology of the different organs related with sexuality. Furthermore, they could be important tools to evaluate the physiological integrity of the involved organs, to improve clinical strategies and to accompany the patients under treatment