A aplicação da Justiça Restaurativa nos casos de violência doméstica contra mulheres

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Direito.O presente trabalho tem como intuito analisar a possibilidade de aplicação da Justiça Restaurativa na resolução de conflitos que envolvem violência doméstica praticada contra mulheres. A fim de alcançar o objetivo almejado, a presente pesquisa começa explorando o procedimento da Justiça Restaurativa de forma ampla como, por exemplo: quais são seus objetivos, conceitos, princípios, bem como sua aplicabilidade/utilização na resolução de conflitos no Brasil. Com relação à violência doméstica, aprofunda-se o assunto e identifica-se a relação de dominação que permeia esse problema, além da sua relação com a lógica patriarcal e androcêntrica presente na nossa sociedade. Ademais, ressaltam-se as peculiaridades que envolvem essas agressões, porquanto nesses conflitos vítimas e agressores possuem relações de afeto e laços familiares, que muitas vezes não podem ser rompidos após o cometimento do ilícito. Essa especificidade, inclusive, deve ser analisada com cuidado no momento de escolha de um método adequado para enfrentar a questão, uma vez que está intimamente ligado a sua efetividade. É realizada, ainda, uma análise do sistema penal tradicional – que tem como base a retribuição – quanto a sua eficiência no combate à questão. Por fim passa-se ao debate da aplicação da Justiça Restaurativa nos casos de violência doméstica contra as mulheres, identificando os principais argumentos contrários e favoráveis a sua aplicação e projetos que já utilizam esse procedimento para resolução desses crimes.The present study aims to analyze the possibility of applying restorative justice in conflict resolutions in conflicts involving domestic violence against women. In order to achieve this study goal, the present research starts by exploring the procedures of restorative justice, in a very broad way, for instance: what are its goals, concepts, principles and its applicability/use in conflict resolution in Brazil. In relation to domestic violence, the study deepens the subject and identify the relation of dominance which permeates this problem, besides its relation with a patriarchal and androcentric logic present in our society. Furthermore, the peculiarities that these aggressions are involved will be highlighted, considering that in these conflicts victims and aggressors have a relation of affection and family ties, which many times can not be broken after the crime. This particularity, also, must be analyzed carefully at the moment of choosing a proper method to face the question, since the method is deeply connected to its effectiveness. The study does, also, an analysis of the traditional criminal system – which is based in retribution – about its efficiency in the combat of the problem. Finally this research goes to the debate of the application of restorative justice in the cases of women's domestic violence, identifying the main arguments pros and cons in its use and projects that already use this procedure in these crimes resolutions

Mobilisation and remobilisation of a large archetypal pathogenicity island of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in vitro support the role of conjugation for horizontal transfer of genomic islands

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A substantial amount of data has been accumulated supporting the important role of genomic islands (GEIs) - including pathogenicity islands (PAIs) - in bacterial genome plasticity and the evolution of bacterial pathogens. Their instability and the high level sequence similarity of different (partial) islands suggest an exchange of PAIs between strains of the same or even different bacterial species by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Transfer events of archetypal large genomic islands of enterobacteria which often lack genes required for mobilisation or transfer have been rarely investigated so far.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>To study mobilisation of such large genomic regions in prototypic uropathogenic <it>E. coli </it>(UPEC) strain 536, PAI II₅₃₆was supplemented with the <it>mob</it>_RP4region, an origin of replication (<it>oriV</it>_<it>R6K</it>), an origin of transfer (<it>oriT</it>_<it>RP4</it>) and a chloramphenicol resistance selection marker. In the presence of helper plasmid RP4, conjugative transfer of the 107-kb PAI II₅₃₆construct occured from strain 536 into an <it>E. coli </it>K-12 recipient. In transconjugants, PAI II₅₃₆existed either as a cytoplasmic circular intermediate (CI) or integrated site-specifically into the recipient's chromosome at the <it>leuX </it>tRNA gene. This locus is the chromosomal integration site of PAI II₅₃₆in UPEC strain 536. From the <it>E. coli </it>K-12 recipient, the chromosomal PAI II₅₃₆construct as well as the CIs could be successfully remobilised and inserted into <it>leuX </it>in a PAI II₅₃₆deletion mutant of <it>E. coli </it>536.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results corroborate that mobilisation and conjugal transfer may contribute to evolution of bacterial pathogens through horizontal transfer of large chromosomal regions such as PAIs. Stabilisation of these mobile genetic elements in the bacterial chromosome result from selective loss of mobilisation and transfer functions of genomic islands.</p

A quadral-Fuzzy control approach to flight formation by a fleet of unmanned aerial vehicles

This paper addresses the control of a fleet of unmanned aerial systems (UAVs), termed as drones, for flight formation problems. Getting drones to fly in formation is a relevant problem to be solved when cooperative cargo transportation is desired. A general approach for this problem considers the coordination of a fleet of UAVs, by fusing all information coming from several individual sensors posed on each UAVs. However, this approach induces a high cost as every UAV should have its advanced perception system. As an alternative, this paper proposes the use of a single perception system by a fleet composed of several elementary drones (workers) with primitive low-cost sensors and a leader drone carrying a 3D perception source. We propose a Quadral-Fuzzy approach to ensure that all drones fly in formation and will not collide with each other or with environment obstacles. We also develop a new way to compute potential fields based on possibility fuzzy (fuzziness) measure with the focus of avoiding collisions between the drones. The proposed approach encompasses four high-coupled intelligent controllers that respectively control the leader and worker drones' motion and implement obstacle and collision avoidance procedures. Simulation results using a fleet of four aerial drones are presented, showing the potential for solving usual problems to flights in formation, such as dodging obstacles, avoiding collisions between the drones, among others.This work was supported in part by the National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development of Brazil (CNPq), in part by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level People (CAPES), in part by the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication (MCTIC), and in part by the Robotics and Internet-of-Things Lab in Prince Sultan University.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

DeepSpatial: Intelligent Spatial Sensor to Perception of Things

This paper discusses a spatial sensor to identify and track objects in the environment. The sensor is composed of an RGB-D camera that provides point cloud and RGB images and an egomotion sensor able to identify its displacement in the environment. The proposed sensor also incorporates a data processing strategy developed by the authors to conferring to the sensor different skills. The adopted approach is based on four analysis steps: egomotive, lexical, syntax, and prediction analysis. As a result, the proposed sensor can identify objects in the environment, track these objects, calculate their direction, speed, and acceleration, and also predict their future positions. The on-line detector YOLO is used as a tool to identify objects, and its output is combined with the point cloud information to obtain the spatial location of each identified object. The sensor can operate with higher precision and a lower update rate, using YOLOv2, or with a higher update rate, and a smaller accuracy using YOLOv3-tiny. The object tracking, egomotion, and collision prediction skills are tested and validated using a mobile robot having a precise speed control. The presented results show that the proposed sensor (hardware + software) achieves a satisfactory accuracy and usage rate, powering its use to mobile robotic. This paper's contribution is developing an algorithm for identifying, tracking, and predicting the future position of objects embedded in a compact hardware. Thus, the contribution of this paper is to convert raw data from traditional sensors into useful information.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mobilisation and remobilisation of a large archetypal pathogenicity island of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in vitro support the role of conjugation for horizontal transfer of genomic islands

Background: A substantial amount of data has been accumulated supporting the important role of genomic islands (GEIs) - including pathogenicity islands (PAIs) - in bacterial genome plasticity and the evolution of bacterial pathogens. Their instability and the high level sequence similarity of different (partial) islands suggest an exchange of PAIs between strains of the same or even different bacterial species by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Transfer events of archetypal large genomic islands of enterobacteria which often lack genes required for mobilisation or transfer have been rarely investigated so far. Results: To study mobilisation of such large genomic regions in prototypic uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strain 536, PAI II536 was supplemented with the mobRP4 region, an origin of replication (oriVR6K), an origin of transfer (oriTRP4) and a chloramphenicol resistance selection marker. In the presence of helper plasmid RP4, conjugative transfer of the 107-kb PAI II536 construct occured from strain 536 into an E. coli K-12 recipient. In transconjugants, PAI II536 existed either as a cytoplasmic circular intermediate (CI) or integrated site-specifically into the recipient’s chromosome at the leuX tRNA gene. This locus is the chromosomal integration site of PAI II536 in UPEC strain 536. From the E. coli K-12 recipient, the chromosomal PAI II536 construct as well as the CIs could be successfully remobilised and inserted into leuX in a PAI II536 deletion mutant of E. coli 536. Conclusions: Our results corroborate that mobilisation and conjugal transfer may contribute to evolution of bacterial pathogens through horizontal transfer of large chromosomal regions such as PAIs. Stabilisation of these mobile genetic elements in the bacterial chromosome result from selective loss of mobilisation and transfer functions of genomic islands

Management of intellectual property in Brazilian universities

Originally established to incentivize individual inventors the patent system became broadly used by corporations, and has been increasingly used by universities worldwide. In Brazil, this is not different; especially in recent years when public policy has attempted to more directly foster innovation in the country. However, little is known as to the extent that universities in Brazil are able to coordinate patent-related activities and to facilitate knowledge transfer. On the basis of multiple case studies this paper explores how publiclyfundeduniversities in Brazil are equipping themselves to deal with intellectual property rights (IPR) as well as technology licensing. The studied cases suggest that despite significant amount of patents applications, Brazilian universities present many differences in the management of their intellectual property. In particular, universities’ TTOs seem to play a central role in university productivity when it comes to patenting and knowledge transfer

Contribuição da monitoria ao ensino de desenho técnico e topografia nos cursos de Agronomia e Engenharia Ambiental, UFFS - Campus Cerro Largo/ RS

O trabalho expõe as contribuições da atividade de monitoria em desenho e topografia as quais se referem não apenas aos graduandos, mas também aos monitores e aos docentes que ministram os respectivos componentes curriculares. O projeto foi desenvolvido em 2012, objetivando aprofundar os conhecimentos e melhorar as condições do aprendizado dos conteúdos dessas disciplinas, nos cursos de Agronomia e Engenharia Ambiental da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Campus Cerro Largo. Em disciplinas eminentemente práticas, como desenho técnico e topografia, constatou-se que a colaboração de monitores, nas aulas ou em atividades extraclasses, é imprescindível para ampliar o interesse discente pelos estudos e, sobretudo, identificar e dirimir as suas dúvidas durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem; para auxiliar o planejamento e a elaboração de material didático das aulas teóricas, com pesquisas, seleção de exercícios e produção de modelos tridimensionais físicos ou virtuais; para fazer a preparação prévia de equipamentos para as práticas a campo ou em laboratório. Assim, foram oportunizados o aperfeiçoamento das atividades didático-pedagógicas, ampliadas a compreensão de conhecimentos específicos, abordando-se determinados conteúdos em maior profundidade, especialmente os que apresentam maiores dificuldades por parte dos alunos. As atividades da monitoria promoveram a colaboração na produção e comunicação do conhecimento acadêmico-científico desenvolvido a partir da sistematização das informações e da reflexão sobre as práticas realizadas. Tiveram, portanto, repercussões positivas ao ensino de desenho técnico e de topografia na instituição, favorecendo o aprendizado dos conteúdos ao utilizarem-se diferentes estratégias para demonstrar e ilustrar as formas de sua aplicação nas respectivas áreas de atuação profissional

Anti-Candida activity of Tripodanthus acutifolius (Loranthaceae), mechanism of action and toxicity parameters

The extensive use of azoles antifungals against infections caused by Candida species has been contributing to the selection of resistant strains to this antifungal class, demonstrating that the prospection of new antifungal agents is essential and urgent. Tripodanthus acutifolius (Loranthaceae) is a plant widely used in folk medicine with reported antimicrobial activity. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the antifungal potential and the mechanisms of action of the crude methanolic extract (CME) of T. acutifolius leaves against Candida species, as well as evaluate their toxicity parameters. As results, the phytochemical characterization of CME suggested the presence of four phenolic compounds as well as a tripodantoside compound. The CME presented minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 16 to 64 μg mL-1 , with antifungal action possibly occurring in the fungal cell wall. In addition, the CME showed a synergic effect in combination with fluconazole (FLC). The CME demonstrated no mucosal irritation or tissue damage at all tested concentrations, as well as no cytotoxicity at the MIC values. This study is unprecedented and suggests that T. acutifolius is a new promising source for the development of anti-Candida agents on its own or as chemosensitizer associated to FLC

Ações em saúde mental às famílias nos diferentes contextos de trabalho: revisão integrativa

Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura que objetivou identificar e analisar os estudos nos periódicos de enfermagem que focalizam as ações em Saúde Mental direcionadas às famílias. Para a coleta dos dados foram utilizados os descritores saúde mental, família e enfermagem, nas bases de dados da Literatura Latino-Americano e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e  Scientific Electronic Library Online  (SciELO). Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos originais publicados em português, espanhol e inglês nos periódicos na área da enfermagem entre os anos de 2003 a 2008. Este trabalho evidenciou uma predominância de estudos enfocando questões referentes à equipe de saúde e/ou profissionais. Os achados indicam necessidade em produzir pesquisas voltadas para os usuários e familiares, o que pode contribuir para as ações em saúde mental da equipe nos cenários da atenção psicossocial e apontar caminhos na direção de novas pesquisas

Efeitos Nutricionais e Mecanismos Bioquímicos na Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não Alcoólica

The Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has gained alarming proportions, affecting about 25-30% of the world's population. The occurrence of NAFLD is associated with overweight, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. It is a silent disease that evolves from an initial fat liver accumulation to the steatosis, hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and carcinoma. Morbimortality associated with NAFLD has increased significantly, along with the growth of overweight in the population. There is still neither a specific marker for the diagnosis nor a pharmacological treatment for the disease. Therefore, both the prevention and treatment are based on a change in lifestyle, with the adoption of healthy eating habits that must lead to weight loss, improving the health condition. The objective of this review was to search and synthesize updated scientific information about the DHGNA. The search was directed to dietary influences in the development, prevention, and treatment of NAFLD and to the biochemical and metabolic mechanisms involved with the disease. By doing that we could provide information to help understanding the DHGNA's diet and biochemistry, as well as the importance of the disease on the light of public health. The issues reported help to enhance the nutritionist in the current scenario of food and nutrition education, aimed at the prevention and treatment of the NAFLD.A Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não Alcoólica (DHGNA) tem ganhado proporções alarmantes, afetando de 25 a 30% da população mundial. Sua ocorrência está associada ao excesso de peso, resistência à insulina e síndrome metabólica. Ela é uma doença silenciosa que evolui do acúmulo de gordura no fígado para a hepatite, fibrose, cirrose e carcinoma. A morbimortalidade associada à DHGNA tem aumentado significativamente, junto com o crescimento do excesso de peso na população. Ainda não há um marcador específico para o diagnóstico, e nem um tratamento farmacológico para a doença. Portanto, a prevenção e o tratamento se baseiam na mudança do estilo de vida, com a adoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis, que devem necessariamente levar à perda de peso, para a melhora do quadro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar e sintetizar informações científicas atualizadas acerca da DHGNA. As buscas, com os descritores utilizados, foram direcionadas às influências dietéticas no desenvolvimento, prevenção e tratamento da DHGNA e aos mecanismos bioquímicos e metabólicos envolvidos com a doença. Foram disponibilizadas informações que ajudam a entender a dietética e a bioquímica no da DHGNA, além da importância da doença em termos de saúde pública. Os temas reportados ajudam a ambientar o profissional nutricionista no cenário atual da educação alimentar e nutricional, voltadas para a prevenção e tratamento da doença