443 research outputs found
Single-shot, high-dose rabbit ATG for rejection prophylaxis after kidney transplantation
We studied the effects of a single intravenous injection of rabbit ATG (RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands) in a dose of 8 mg/kg body weight administered 6 h after kidney transplantation on graft survival, rejection incidence, T-cell subsets, and cost-effectiveness. A total of 58 (37 male/21 female) consecutive renal allograft recipients were entered in this trial. Treatment results were compared with 56 patients treated with intravenous cyclosporin (CyA). In all patients concomitant medication consisted of steroids and azathioprine, followed by oral CyA. Following rabbit ATG, T cells (WT31) quickly disappeared from the peripheral blood and a return to greater than 100/mm3 was observed at a median of 7 (range 3β21) days. Graft survival was the same in both groups, as was the incidence of primary nonfunction. The rate of acute rejection was significantly lower in the rabbit ATG-treated patients (12 % vs 50%). We conclude that a single shot of rabbit ATG is an attractive, easy, and cost-effective induction scheme with a low incidence of delayed graft function and acute rejection episodes. A relatively high incidence of vascular thrombosis of the graft, however, warrants further study before this treatment regimen can be generally applied
A genome-wide search for genes involved in type 2 diabetes in a recently genetically isolated population from the Netherlands
Multiple genes, interacting with the environment, contribute to the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. We performed a genome-wide search to localize type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes in a recently genetically isolated population in the Netherlands. We identified 79 nuclear families with type 2 diabetes who were related within 13 generations and performed a 770-marker genome-wide scan search for shared founder alleles. Twenty-six markers yielded a logarithm of odds (LOD) score >0.59 (nominal P 1.17 (nominal P < 0.01). The strongest evidence for a type 2 diabetes locus was at marker D18S63 on chromosome 18p (LOD 2.3, P = 0.0006). This region was investigated further using additional markers. For one of these markers (D18S1105), we found a significant association with type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 6.7 [95% CI 1.5-30.7], P = 0.005 for the 97-bp allele, assuming a dominant model), which increased when limiting the analysis to patients with high BMI (12.25 [2.1-71], P = 0.003). A locus on chromosome 18p in patients with high BMI was suggested earlier by Parker et al. Our study is the first to confirm this locus
Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°Ρ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ
ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π‘Π£Π Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ. ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Ρ
. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²; ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄ΡThe object of the study is the formation of the policy of RMS in the customs of Canada. Canada has a developed economy, which proves its high position in the world rankings. The purpose of the work is to describe the relationship of foreign economic activity of Canada and the organization of risk management system in the Canadian customs To achieve this goal, the analysis of foreign economic activity of Canada was carried out by studying the country's budget, statistics and foreign trade contracts; study of documentation that describes the risk management system of the customs authorities of Canad
A genome-wide search for linkage-disequilibrium with type 1 diabetes in a recent genetically isolated population from the Netherlands
Type 1 diabetes has a substantial genetic component, with consistent evidence for a susceptibility locus in the HLA-DR/DQ region (chromosome 6p) and the insulin gene region (chromosome 11p). Genome scans have identified >18 other genomic regions that may harbor putative type 1 diabetes genes. However, evidence for most regions varies in different data sets. Given the genetic heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes, studies in homogeneous genetically isolated populations may be more successful in mapping susceptibility loci than in complex outbred populations. We describe a genome-wide search in a recently Dutch isolated population. We identified 43 patients that could be traced back to a common ancestor within 15 generations and performed a genome-wide scan using a combined linkage- and association-based approach. In addition to the HLA locus, evidence for type 1 diabetes loci was observed on chromosome 8q24 (marker D8S1128) and on chromosome 17q24 (marker D17S2059). Both the 8q and 17q localization are supported by allele-sharing at adjacent markers in affected individuals. Statistical evidence for a conserved ancestral haplotype was found for chromosome 8q24
The politicisation of evaluation: constructing and contesting EU policy performance
Although systematic policy evaluation has been conducted for decades and has been growing strongly within the European Union (EU) institutions and in the member states, it remains largely underexplored in political science literatures. Extant work in political science and public policy typically focuses on elements such as agenda setting, policy shaping, decision making, or implementation rather than evaluation. Although individual pieces of research on evaluation in the EU have started to emerge, most often regarding policy βeffectivenessβ (one criterion among many in evaluation), a more structured approach is currently missing. This special issue aims to address this gap in political science by focusing on four key focal points: evaluation institutions (including rules and cultures), evaluation actors and interests (including competencies, power, roles and tasks), evaluation design (including research methods and theories, and their impact on policy design and legislation), and finally, evaluation purpose and use (including the relationships between discourse and scientific evidence, political attitudes and strategic use). The special issue considers how each of these elements contributes to an evolving governance system in the EU, where evaluation is playing an increasingly important role in decision making
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