Real time analysis of metallic pollutant (CuO) by inductively coupled plasma system without calibration stage

A method contributing to real-time analysis of metallic pollutant present in stack gas is investigated. This method is based on spectroanalysis using an ICP torch system without any calibration step. The fluidized bed technology is used to simulate heavy metal emission. The massic fluxes of copper oxide (CuO) are determined by using the intensities ratios of the metallic element spectral lines with those of the plasma gas element (argon or dry air). These ratios and the plasma characteristics (atomic excitation temperature Texc, degree of thermal disequilibrium theta) are inserted into a calculation code of plasma composition to determine the massic flux. A study of the fluidized bed properties is made to correlate the values with those resulting from the elutriation calculation of the copper oxide

Definition of a New Level One Test Case Measurements of Equilibrium Radiation from an Inductively Coupled Plasma in the Near-UV to Near-IR Spectral Region for a Titan-Type N2-CH4 Mixture. Preliminary Results

A test case, using a similar methodology and experimental set-up than previous test case TC5-Level 1 is presented in this paper. An inductively coupled plasma torch, working at atmospheric pressure, is used to create N2-CH4 Titan-like plasma (98%N2 - 2%CH4). The operating frequency and power are 64 MHz and 3 kW respectively. This kind of apparatus allows obtaining plasma in chemical and quasi-thermal equilibrium The spectral measurements cover the [300-800] nm range and are performed inside the induction coil. Each interesting spectrum is calibrated and compared to the line-by-line spectral code SPARTAN used for the simulation of the radiative emission of entry-type plasma. Finally, a discussion is proposed about the nucleation phenomenon which is occurred in the ICP torch with the N2-CH4 plasma. Preliminary studies show the synthesis of nanostructured carbon on the quartz tube.Comment: Radiation of High Temperature Gases in Atmospheric Entry, Heraklion : Greece (2008

Overview on Studies of Martian Like Co2-N2 Mixture by Inductively Coupled Plasma Torch

The purpose of the work is to make an overview on the results obtained through the studies on martian plasmas created by inductively coupled plasma torches (ICP). As the main advantage of the ICP torch is the absence of electrode compared to the others various test facilities, the radiative properties of this kind of plasmas are of interest to propose test cases in order to validate radiation models. ICP torches can work under various operating conditions in terms of pressure, enthalpy or flow. As a consequence, the studied plasma can be either at thermodynamical equilibrium or out of equilibrium, without problems of stability in time. The presentation concerns only the plasmas formed with a martian like CO2-N2 mixture and all the parameters of test facilities will be precised. The following paper corresponds to the first step of a global paper which will be proposed later and it reports only the oral presentation which has been done during the third International Workshop of RHTG.Comment: Radiation of High Temperature Gases in Atmospheric Entry, Heraklion : Greece (2008

Analyses spectroscopiques d'un plasma CO2-N2 (97%-3%), de type atmosphère martienne, par torche ICP

Une torche à plasma à couplage inductif, fonctionnant à la pression atmosphérique, est utilisée pour créer un plasma à partir d'un mélange CO2-N2 reproduisant une atmosphère martienne (97%-3%). La fréquence ainsi que la puissance de fonctionnement de la torche ICP sont respectivement 64 Mhz et 3 kW. Ce type d'outil analytique permet d'obtenir un plasma relativement proche de l'équilibre thermodynamique. La caractérisation du plasma consistera dans un premier temps à déterminer la composition chimique; un code de calcul basé sur la minimisation de l'énergie libre de Gibbs est utilisé. Dans un second temps, les profils de températures seront données à travers les applications de l'inversion d'Abel des systèmes moléculaires considérés. Les mesures spectroscopiques couvrent le domaine [250-800] nm et sont réalisés à l'intérieur des spires inductives. Chaque spectre est ainsi comparé au code SESAM (Simulation de l'Emission Spectrale de l'Atmosphère de Mars)

Monatomic Excitation Temperature in Theoretical Study of Discharge with Liquid Non-Metallic (Tap Water) Electrodes in Air at Atmospheric Pressure

The discharge with liquid non-metallic electrodes under study is out of thermal equilibrium. From probe and micro-wave absorption measurements the electronic concentration has been evaluated. The spectral intensities of N2 and Oxygen triplet have been measured locally. In this work, we propose to compare the results of calculation with the experimental results for two hypotheses on the monatomic excitation temperature. The first is when we assume the monatomic excitation temperature close to heavy particle translational temperature and the second is when we assume the monatomic excitation temperature close to the electronic translational temperature

First Step in Theoretical Approach in Study of Mars and Titan Atmospheres with an Inductively Coupled Plasma Torch

To obtain the modelling of an ICP torch that can be used as a test case, we have to determine all the thermodynamic properties and transport coefficients. To calculate the data we have first to determine the composition and the collisions integrals for all the species in the purpose to calculate the transport coefficients. We apply the calculation to the Mars and to the Titan atmosphere compositions. The intensities of the spectral lines are determined versus temperature

Upregulated flotillins and sphingosine kinase 2 derail AXL vesicular traffic to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Altered endocytosis and vesicular trafficking are major players during tumorigenesis. Flotillin overexpression, a feature observed in many invasive tumors and identified as a marker of poor prognosis, induces a deregulated endocytic and trafficking pathway called upregulated flotillin-induced trafficking (UFIT). Here, we found that in non-tumoral mammary epithelial cells, induction of the UFIT pathway promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and accelerates the endocytosis of several transmembrane receptors, including AXL, in flotillin-positive late endosomes. AXL overexpression, frequently observed in cancer cells, is linked to EMT and metastasis formation. In flotillin-overexpressing non-tumoral mammary epithelial cells and in invasive breast carcinoma cells, we found that the UFIT pathway-mediated AXL endocytosis allows its stabilization and depends on sphingosine kinase 2, a lipid kinase recruited in flotillin-rich plasma membrane domains and endosomes. Thus, the deregulation of vesicular trafficking following flotillin upregulation, and through sphingosine kinase 2, emerges as a new mechanism of AXL overexpression and EMT-inducing signaling pathway activation.This work was supported by the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (DEQ20161136700) and the Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARCPJA32020060002078). Collection of breast tumor samples was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (19-75-30016). C.G.-R. was supported by the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale.Peer reviewe

BMC Med

BACKGROUND: Overall survival (OS) is the gold standard endpoint to assess treatment efficacy in cancer clinical trials. In metastatic breast cancer (mBC), progression-free survival (PFS) is commonly used as an intermediate endpoint. Evidence remains scarce regarding the degree of association between PFS and OS. Our study aimed to describe the individual-level association between real-world PFS (rwPFS) and OS according to first-line treatment in female patients with mBC managed in real-world setting for each BC subtype (defined by status for both hormone-receptor [HR] expression and HER2 protein expression/gene amplification). METHODS: We extracted data from the ESME mBC database (NCT03275311) which gathers deidentified data from consecutive patients managed in 18 French Comprehensive Cancer Centers. Adult women diagnosed with mBC between 2008 and 2017 were included. Endpoints (PFS, OS) were described using the Kaplan-Meier method. Individual-level associations between rwPFS and OS were estimated using the Spearman's correlation coefficient. Analyses were conducted by tumor subtype. RESULTS: 20,033 women were eligible. Median age was 60.0 years. Median follow-up duration was 62.3 months. Median rwPFS ranged from 6.0 months (95% CI 5.8-6.2) for HR-/HER2 - subtype to 13.3 months (36% CI 12.7-14.3) for HR + /HER2 + subtype. Correlation coefficients were highly variable across subtypes and first-line (L1) treatments. Among patients with HR - /HER2 - mBC, correlation coefficients ranged from 0.73 to 0.81, suggesting a strong rwPFS/OS association. For HR + /HER2 + mBC patients, the individual-level associations were weak to strong with coefficients ranging from 0.33 to 0.43 for monotherapy and from 0.67 to 0.78 for combined therapies. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides comprehensive information on individual-level association between rwPFS and OS for L1 treatments in mBC women managed in real-life practice. Our results could be used as a basis for future research dedicated to surrogate endpoint candidates

DETECTION, EN TEMPS REEL, D'ELEMENTS METALLIQUES PRESENTS DANS LES REJETS ATMOSPHERIQUES INDUSTRIELS PAR TORCHE A PLASMA A COUPLAGE INDUCTIF

This work is devoted to the development of a process of detection in real time of metallic pollutants present in industrial atmospheric effluents. The method of measurement is the atomic spectrometry of emission coupled to an ICP torch (Inductively coupled Plasma). The technology of the fluidized beds is used as system of introduction of the metallic particles into the ICP torch, the interest of the principle of detection resting on the stamping from the usual procedure of calibration of the analytical system.The results are presented in two parts. The first relates to the diagnosis of plasmas formed with various mixtures of N2/O2 which one corresponds to pure air, the second presents the setting process of detection in real time starting from the intensities ratios of the spectral lines of the metallic element with those of the plasma-producing element (argon or pure air)The study of the diagnosis of plasmas made up of mixtures N2/O2 relates to the determination of the atomic excitation temperature from the spectral lines of the copper element and the evaluation of the thermal disequilibrium q = Te/Th . This last is obtained by considering the massic enthalpy of various mixtures N2/O2. The existence of a small thermal disequilibrium (q£1,2) is highlighted.The study of detection in real time by ICP torch, without calibration of the system, is based on three points:- spectroscopic data processing to determine the values of the intensities ratios of spectral lines;- the insertion of the intensities ratios and the characteristics of plasma (argon or pure air) into a calculation code of plasma composition;- the comparison of the mass flux values of the metallic pollutants, in real time, obtained by experimences with those resulting from the elutriation calculation , term which defines the phenomenon of entrainment of the particles out of the fluidized bed. The results made it possible to show the similarity of the analytical system response between the use of argon plasma and that of air.Ce travail est consacré à l'élaboration d'un procédé de détection en temps réel des polluants métalliques présents dans les effluents gazeux industriels. La méthode de mesure est la spectrométrie d'émission atomique couplée à une torche ICP (Inductively coupled Plasma).La technologie des lits fluidisés est utilisée comme système d'introduction des particules métalliques dans la torche ICP, l'intérêt du principe de détection reposant sur l'affranchissement de la procédure usuelle d'étalonnage du système analytique.Les résultats sont présentés en deux parties. La première concerne le diagnostic de plasmas formés de différents mélanges N2/O2 dont un correspond à l'air pur, la seconde présente la mise en œuvre du procédé de détection en temps réel à partir des rapports d'intensités des raies spectrales de l'élément métallique avec celles de l'élément plasmagène (argon ou air pur). L'étude du diagnostic de plasmas composés de mélanges N2/O2 concerne la détermination de la température d'excitation atomique à partir des raies spectrales de l'élément cuivre et l'évaluation du degré de déséquilibre thermique q =Te/Th régnant au sein du plasma. Ce dernier est obtenu en considérant les enthalpies massiques des différents mélanges N2/O2. L'existence d'un léger déséquilibre thermique (q£1,2) est mis en évidence. L'étude de la détection en temps réel par torche ICP, sans étalonnage du système, repose sur trois points : - le traitement des données spectroscopiques pour déterminer les valeurs des rapports d'intensités de raies spectrales; - l'insertion des rapports d'intensités et des caractéristiques du plasma (argon ou air pur) dans un code de calcul de composition du plasma; - la comparaison des valeurs de débits massiques des polluants métalliques, en temps réel, obtenues expérimentalement avec celles calculées à partir des formules d'élutriation, terme qui définit le phénomène d'entraînement des particules hors du lit fluidisé.Les résultats ont permis de montrer la similarité de la réponse du système analytique entre l'utilisation du plasma d'argon et celui d'air

REAL TIME ANALYSIS OF CuO BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA EMISSION WITHOUT EXTERNAL CALIBRATION

The study of a method, devoted to real-time detection of metallic pollutants present in stacks gas, is investigated. This method is based on spectroanalysis using an ICP torch system without external calibration. The fluidized bed technology is employed to inject metallic species into the ICP torch. The mass fluxes of copper oxide (CuO) are then determined by using the intensity ratios of the metallic element spectral lines with those of the plasma gas element (argon or dry air). These ratios and the plasma characteristics (atomic excitation temperature, degree of thermal disequilibrium q = Te / Th) are inserted into a calculation code of plasma composition to determine the mass flux. The results are in good agreement using either argon plasma or dry air plasma. A study of the fluidized bed properties is made to compare our values with those resulting from the elutriation calculation of the copper oxide