58 research outputs found
Bounded Influence Regression in the Presence of Heteroskedasticity of Unknown Form
In a regression model with conditional heteroskedasticity of unknown form, we propose a general class of M-estimators scaled by nonparametric estimates of the conditional standard deviations of the dependent variable. We give regularity conditions under which these estimators are asymptotically equivalent to M-estimators scaled by the true conditional standard deviations. The practical performance of these estimators is investigated through a Monte Carlo experiment
A Fast Algorithm for Robust Regression with Penalised Trimmed Squares
The presence of groups containing high leverage outliers makes linear
regression a difficult problem due to the masking effect. The available high
breakdown estimators based on Least Trimmed Squares often do not succeed in
detecting masked high leverage outliers in finite samples.
An alternative to the LTS estimator, called Penalised Trimmed Squares (PTS)
estimator, was introduced by the authors in \cite{ZiouAv:05,ZiAvPi:07} and it
appears to be less sensitive to the masking problem. This estimator is defined
by a Quadratic Mixed Integer Programming (QMIP) problem, where in the objective
function a penalty cost for each observation is included which serves as an
upper bound on the residual error for any feasible regression line. Since the
PTS does not require presetting the number of outliers to delete from the data
set, it has better efficiency with respect to other estimators. However, due to
the high computational complexity of the resulting QMIP problem, exact
solutions for moderately large regression problems is infeasible.
In this paper we further establish the theoretical properties of the PTS
estimator, such as high breakdown and efficiency, and propose an approximate
algorithm called Fast-PTS to compute the PTS estimator for large data sets
efficiently. Extensive computational experiments on sets of benchmark instances
with varying degrees of outlier contamination, indicate that the proposed
algorithm performs well in identifying groups of high leverage outliers in
reasonable computational time.Comment: 27 page
Sparse Robust Regression for Explaining Classifiers
Recipient of the best student paper award.Peer reviewe
From KIDSCREEN-10 to CHU9D: creating a unique mapping algorithm for application in economic evaluation
Background: The KIDSCREEN-10 index and the Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D) are two recently developed generic instruments for the measurement of health-related quality of life in children and adolescents. Whilst the CHU9D is a preference based instrument developed specifically for application in cost-utility analyses, the KIDSCREEN-10 is not currently suitable for application in this context. This paper provides an algorithm for mapping the KIDSCREEN-10 index onto the CHU9D utility scores.
Methods: A sample of 590 Australian adolescents (aged 11â17) completed both the KIDSCREEN-10 and the CHU9D. Several econometric models were estimated, including ordinary least squares estimator, censored least absolute deviations estimator, robust MM-estimator and generalised linear model, using a range of explanatory variables with KIDSCREEN-10 items scores as key predictors. The predictive performance of each model was judged using mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE).
Results: The MM-estimator with stepwise-selected KIDSCREEN-10 items scores as explanatory variables had the best predictive accuracy using MAE, whilst the equivalent ordinary least squares model had the best predictive accuracy using RMSE.
Conclusions: The preferred mapping algorithm (i.e. the MM-estimate with stepwise selected KIDSCREEN-10 item scores as the predictors) can be used to predict CHU9D utility from KIDSCREEN-10 index with a high degree of accuracy. The algorithm may be usefully applied within cost-utility analyses to generate cost per quality adjusted life year estimates where KIDSCREEN-10 data only are available
Infinitesimally Robust Estimation in General Smoothly Parametrized Models
We describe the shrinking neighborhood approach of Robust Statistics, which
applies to general smoothly parametrized models, especially, exponential
families. Equal generality is achieved by object oriented implementation of the
optimally robust estimators. We evaluate the estimates on real datasets from
literature by means of our R packages ROptEst and RobLox
Treatment Planning and Volumetric Response Assessment for Yttrium-90 Radioembolization: Semiautomated Determination of Liver Volume and Volume of Tumor Necrosis in Patients with Hepatic Malignancy
PurposeThe primary purpose of this study was to demonstrate intraobserver/interobserver reproducibility for novel semiautomated measurements of hepatic volume used for Yttrium-90 dose calculations as well as whole-liver and necrotic-liver (hypodense/nonenhancing) tumor volume after radioembolization. The secondary aim was to provide initial comparisons of tumor volumetric measurements with linear measurements, as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria, and survival outcomes.MethodsBetween 2006 and 2009, 23 consecutive radioembolization procedures were performed for 14 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 9 cases of hepatic metastases. Baseline and follow-up computed tomography obtained 1 month after treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Three observers measured liver, whole-tumor, and tumor-necrosis volumes twice using semiautomated software.ResultsGood intraobserver/interobserver reproducibility was demonstrated (intraclass correlation [ICC] > 0.9) for tumor and liver volumes. Semiautomated measurements of liver volumes were statistically similar to those obtained with manual tracing (ICC = 0.868), but they required significantly less time to perform (p < 0.0001, ICC = 0.088). There was a positive association between change in linear tumor measurements and whole-tumor volume (p < 0.0001). However, linear measurements did not correlate with volume of necrosis (p > 0.05). Dose, change in tumor diameters, tumor volume, and necrotic volume did not correlate with survival (p > 0.05 in all instances). However, Kaplan-Meier curves suggest that a >10% increase in necrotic volume correlated with survival (p = 0.0472).ConclusionSemiautomated volumetric analysis of liver, whole-tumor, and tumor-necrosis volume can be performed with good intraobserver/interobserver reproducibility. In this small retrospective study, measurements of tumor necrosis were suggested to correlate with survival
So Small, So Loud: Extremely High Sound Pressure Level from a Pygmy Aquatic Insect (Corixidae, Micronectinae)
To communicate at long range, animals have to produce intense but intelligible signals. This task might be difficult to achieve due to mechanical constraints, in particular relating to body size. Whilst the acoustic behaviour of large marine and terrestrial animals has been thoroughly studied, very little is known about the sound produced by small arthropods living in freshwater habitats. Here we analyse for the first time the calling song produced by the male of a small insect, the water boatman Micronecta scholtzi. The song is made of three distinct parts differing in their temporal and amplitude parameters, but not in their frequency content. Sound is produced at 78.9 (63.6â82.2) SPL rms re 2.10â5 Pa with a peak at 99.2 (85.7â104.6) SPL re 2.10â5 Pa estimated at a distance of one metre. This energy output is significant considering the small size of the insect. When scaled to body length and compared to 227 other acoustic species, the acoustic energy produced by M. scholtzi appears as an extreme value, outperforming marine and terrestrial mammal vocalisations. Such an extreme display may be interpreted as an exaggerated secondary sexual trait resulting from a runaway sexual selection without predation pressure
International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis
Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICARâRS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICARâRSâ2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidenceâbased findings of the document. Methods: ICARâRS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidenceâbased reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidenceâbased reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICARâRSâ2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidenceâbased management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICARâRSâ2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidenceâbased recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS
The Asymptotics of MM-Estimators for Linear Regression with Fixed Designs
MM-estimators, Fixed designs, Consistency, Asymptotic distribution,
Optimal robust estimates using the Hellinger distance
Hampelâs infinitesimal approach, gross error sensitivity, negative binomial distribution, 62F35, 62F10,
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