Parallasse per una foto: i Dodici cavalli vivi di Jannis Kounellis su Cartabianca

This study aims at reconsidering one of the most famous photo-documentation of Arte Povera: Claudio Abate's view of the Dodici cavalli vivi by Jannis Kounellis at the galleria L'Attico in Rome (14th January 1969). This photograph is now considered as the intersection of different authorship expectations and especially through its contextualization into the Fabio Sargentini's activity of L'Attico gallery and its art review Cartabianca. As Brian O'Doherty proposed this photo-documentation could also be included into an ideal history of artistic display in the XX Century

Deskripsi Habitat Kupu-kupu

The aim of this research was to find out the condition of butterfly habitats in Gita Persada Butterfly Park, Kedaung, Kemiling sub-district, Bandar Lampung, whether the location has been appropriate as the butterfly habitats. This research focused on environmental factors, such as the climate condition (temperature, moisture and precipitation), topography, vegetation, and the diversity of butterfly species. This research used descriptive method, with the objects was Gita Persada Butterfly Park, the width was 4.8 Ha. Respondents in this research was the management and the staff of Gita Persada Butterfly Park. The researcher collected the data using observation interview, and documentation. The obtained data were analyzed and were compared with raw criteria and were interpreted in the research report. The result showed that: ( 1 ) the climate condition of Gita Persada Butterfly Park was C type ( schmidt-ferguson ) with the average rainfall 2087,6 mm / years, as for the temperature was 25,8oc, the moisture was relatively high namely 87,4 %, it was suitable for butterflies habitat. the topography was in the form of highland with a height 460 m dpl, it was suitable for butterfly habitats because the butterfly species will breed at highland topography with the height was 400-1000 m dpl. The condition of vegetation in the open land park were quite many, but the vegetation of host and forage for butterflies in the dome were quite least ( 2 ) the diversity of butterfly species were quite many. Based on the documentation, there were 160 species derived from 5 families which were Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae and Hesperidae and most of butterflies spesies was conservation came from Nymphalidae families

Pengaruh Lima Jenis Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular Dan Dosis Pupuk Anorganik Pada Pertumbuhan Bibit Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora Pierre)

Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi kopi yang ditanam di lahan marginal seperti tanah Podsolid Merah Kuning (Ultisol) adalah dengan menggunakan pupuk hayati berbasis fungi mikoriza arbuskular (FMA) yang diaplikasikan pada saat pembibitan. Fungi ini mampu meningkatkan kemampuan akar dalam menyerap unsur hara dan air dari tanah. Manfaat fungi ini akan terus berlanjut hingga tanaman ditanam di lapangan. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas FMA adalah jenis dan kesuburan media tanam. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dijalankan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis FMA dan dosis pupuk yang paling sesuai untuk bibit kopi robusta dan untuk mencari dosis pupuk terbaik untuk masing-masing jenis FMA. Rancangan perlakuan faktorial (6 x 2) digunakan dengan faktor pertama jenis FMA yaitu tanpa FMA, Glomus sp.1, Glomus sp.2, Glomus sp.3, Entrophospora sp. dan Gigaspora sp. Faktor ke dua adalah dosis pupuk yaitu setengah dosis anjuran dan dosis anjuran. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan kelompok teracak sempurna dengan 4 kelompok. Sebelum penelitian dilaksanakan, setiap jenis FMA yang digunakan diuji daya kecambahnya dengan mengecambahkan spora dalam sumur cell cluster plates yang diisi dengan air suling yang telah disterilisasi. Plate kemudian bungkus dengan alumunium foil dan diinkubasi dalam inkubator pada suhu 31 o C selama 3 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa spora dari semua jenis FMA yang digunakan sudah berkecambah satu minggu setelah inkubasi dengan daya kecambah 11—15% dan pada minggu ketiga meningkat jadi 39—54%. Dari 4 jenis FMA yang diuji, Glomus sp.3 memberikan respon terbaik dengan meningkatkan bobot basah dan bobot kering tajuk sebesar 35% dan 40% berturut-turut dan meningkatkan bobot segar dan bobot kering akar sebesar 111% dan 42% berturut-turut. Perlakuan dosis pupuk tidak mempengaruhi pertumbuhan bibit. Kata kunci: Jenis fungi mikoriza arbuskular, kopi robusta, dosis pupuk, dan pertumbuhan bibit

Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature Version 4 (ERSST.v4): Part II. Parametric and Structural Uncertainty Estimations

Described herein is the parametric and structural uncertainty quantification for the monthly Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) version 4 (v4). A Monte Carlo ensemble approach was adopted to characterize parametric uncertainty, because initial experiments indicate the existence of significant nonlinear interactions. Globally, the resulting ensemble exhibits a wider uncertainty range before 1900, as well as an uncertainty maximum around World War II. Changes at smaller spatial scales in many regions, or for important features such as Niño-3.4 variability, are found to be dominated by particular parameter choices. Substantial differences in parametric uncertainty estimates are found between ERSST.v4 and the independently derived Hadley Centre SST version 3 (HadSST3) product. The largest uncertainties are over the mid and high latitudes in ERSST.v4 but in the tropics in HadSST3. Overall, in comparison with HadSST3, ERSST.v4 has larger parametric uncertainties at smaller spatial and shorter time scales and smaller parametric uncertainties at longer time scales, which likely reflects the different sources of uncertainty quantified in the respective parametric analyses. ERSST.v4 exhibits a stronger globally averaged warming trend than HadSST3 during the period of 1910–2012, but with a smaller parametric uncertainty. These global-mean trend estimates and their uncertainties marginally overlap. Several additional SST datasets are used to infer the structural uncertainty inherent in SST estimates. For the global mean, the structural uncertainty, estimated as the spread between available SST products, is more often than not larger than the parametric uncertainty in ERSST.v4. Neither parametric nor structural uncertainties call into question that on the global-mean level and centennial time scale, SSTs have warmed notably

A Longitudinal Study Evaluating the Effects of Interferon-Alpha Therapy on Cognitive and Psychiatric Function in Adults with Chronic Hepatitis C

Objective: To prospectively evaluate for changes in objective cognitive performance (attention, memory, and executive function) and psychiatric symptom severity (depression, anxiety, fatigue, and pain) in patients before, during and after interferon-alpha based therapy (IFN) for chronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV). Methods: 33 HCV+ adults were evaluated two months before IFN initiation (baseline), three months into IFN, and six months following IFN termination (IFN+ Group). 31 HCV+ adults who did not undergo IFN therapy were evaluated at baseline and six months later (IFN− Group). At each evaluation, participants completed the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB) Attention, Memory and Executive Functions Modules, the Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition (BDI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Inventory (GADI), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). Results: Compared with the IFN− Group, the IFN+ Group experienced significantly (p b 0.050) increased symp-toms of depression, anxiety, fatigue and pain during IFN therapy relative to baseline. In the IFN+ Group, psychi-atric symptoms generally returned to baseline levels following IFN termination. Sustained viral response was associated with significantly lower depression and fatigue. No significant changes in cognitive performance were observed. Conclusions: During IFN, patients with HCV evidence significantly increased psychiatric symptoms, including symptoms of depression, anxiety, fatigue and pain. These psychiatric symptoms are generally short-term and remit following IFN termination, with increased benefit if viral clearance is achieved. However, IFN is not associated with significant declines in objective cognitive performance during or following IFN

Rapid motion adaptation reveals the temporal dynamics of spatiotemporal correlation between ON and OFF pathways

At the early stages of visual processing, information is processed by two major thalamic pathways encoding brightness increments (ON) and decrements (OFF). Accumulating evidence suggests that these pathways interact and merge as early as in primary visual cortex. Using regular and reverse-phi motion in a rapid adaptation paradigm, we investigated the temporal dynamics of within and across pathway mechanisms for motion processing. When the adaptation duration was short (188 ms), reverse-phi and regular motion led to similar adaptation effects, suggesting that the information from the two pathways are combined efficiently at early-stages of motion processing. However, as the adaption duration was increased to 752 ms, reverse-phi and regular motion showed distinct adaptation effects depending on the test pattern used, either engaging spatiotemporal correlation between the same or opposite contrast polarities. Overall, these findings indicate that spatiotemporal correlation within and across ON-OFF pathways for motion processing can be selectively adapted, and support those models that integrate within and across pathway mechanisms for motion processing

ESR, raman and conductivity studies on fractionated poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid)

Synthesis methods used to produce poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid) (PMAS), a water soluble, self-doped conducting polymer, have been shown to form two distinctly different polymer fractions with molecular weights of approximately 2 kDa and 8 -10 kDa. The low molecular weight (LMWT) PMAS fraction is redox inactive and non-conducting while the high molecular weight (HMWT) PMAS is electro-active with electrical conductivities of 0.94 0.05 S cm-1. Previous investigations have illustrated the different photochemical and electrochemical properties of these fractions, but have not correlated these properties with the structural and electronic interactions that drive them. Incomplete purification of the PMAS mixture, typically via bag dialysis, has been shown to result in a mixture of approximately 50:50 HMWT:LMWT PMAS with electrical conductivity significantly lower at approximately 0.10 to 0.26 S cm-1. The difference between the electrical conductivities of these fractions has been investigated by the controlled addition of the non-conducting LMWT PMAS fraction into the HMWT PMAS composite film with the subsequent electronic properties investigated by solid-state ESR and Raman spectroscopies. These studies illustrate strong electronic intereactions of the insulating LMWT PMAS with the emeraldine salt HMWT PMAS to substantially alter the population of the electronic charge carriers in the conducting polymer. ESR studies on these mixtures, when compared to HMWT PMAS, exhibited a lower level of electron spin in the presence of LMWT PMAS indicative of the the formation of low spin bipolarons without a change the oxidation state of the conducting HMWT fraction

Strengthening the evidence-policy interface for patient safety: enhancing global health through hospital partnerships

Strengthening the evidence-policy interface is a well-recognized health system challenge in both the developed and developing world. Brokerage inherent in hospital-to-hospital partnerships can boost relationships between “evidence” and “policy” communities and move developing countries towards evidence based patient safety policy. In particular, we use the experience of a global hospital partnership programme focused on patient safety in the African Region to explore how hospital partnerships can be instrumental in advancing responsive decision-making, and the translation of patient safety evidence into health policy and planning. A co-developed approach to evidence-policy strengthening with seven components is described, with reflections from early implementation. This rapidly expanding field of enquiry is ripe for shared learning across continents, in keeping with the principles and spirit of health systems development in a globalized world