Lunar surface engineering properties experiment definition. Volume 1: Mechanics, properties, and stabilization of lunar soils

Lunar soil simulation and stabilization, and impact penetrometer studie

Präparation funktionalisierter, mikrostrukturierter Hydrogele zum Nachweis von pH-Änderungen und enzymatischen Reaktionen mittels beugungsoptischer Methoden

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Präparation funktionalisierter, mikrostrukturierter Hydrogele zum Nachweis von pH-Änderungen und enzymatischen Reaktionen mittels beugungsoptischer Methoden. Hydrogele sind dreidimensionale elastische Polymernetzwerke, die überwiegend aus einer Flüssigkeit bestehen, die vom Polymernetzwerk umschlossen wird. Hydrogele sind umgebungssensitiv, d.h. sie reagieren mit einer Änderung ihres Quellungszustan-des, wenn sich die Umgebungsbedingungen verändern. Je nach ihrer Zusammensetzung reagieren Hydrogele auf die Änderung der Lösungsmittelzusammensetzung, der Tem-peratur, der Ionenstärke oder des pH-Werts. Das in dieser Arbeit eingesetzte pH-sensitive Hydrogele wurde durch den Einbau der Enzyme Glucoseoxidase und Katalase um eine Selektivität gegenüber Glucose erweitert. Die Funktionsweise des beugungsoptischen Sensors beruht auf der Wechselwirkung eines einfallenden Laserstrahls mit der im Mikrometermaßstab regelmäßig strukturi-erten Hydrogelmatrix. Durch die Beugung des Laserlichts an dem mikrostrukturierten Hydrogel entstehen mehrere Beugungsreflexe. Im Gegensatz zur Lage variieren die Intensitäten der einzelnen Beugungsordnungen, wenn die Hydrogelmatrix ihre Form ändert. Das Quellverhalten des pH-sensitiven Hydrogels wurde vor der Verwendung im Sensor an makroskopischen Gelproben in Abhängigkeit von der Ionenstärke und des pH-Werts untersucht. Mit dem beugungsoptischen Sensor und pH-sensitiven Hydrogel wurden Messungen mit unterschiedlich konzentrierten Natriumchlorid-Lösungen und Lösungen mit ver-schiedenen pH-Werten bei konstanter Ionenstärke durchgeführt. Mit dem enzymhalti-gen Hydrogel wurden Messungen mit unterschiedlich konzentrierten Glucoselösungen durchgeführt

KinImmerse: Macromolecular VR for NMR ensembles

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In molecular applications, virtual reality (VR) and immersive virtual environments have generally been used and valued for the visual and interactive experience – to enhance intuition and communicate excitement – rather than as part of the actual research process. In contrast, this work develops a software infrastructure for research use and illustrates such use on a specific case.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The Syzygy open-source toolkit for VR software was used to write the KinImmerse program, which translates the molecular capabilities of the kinemage graphics format into software for display and manipulation in the DiVE (Duke immersive Virtual Environment) or other VR system. KinImmerse is supported by the flexible display construction and editing features in the KiNG kinemage viewer and it implements new forms of user interaction in the DiVE.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In addition to molecular visualizations and navigation, KinImmerse provides a set of research tools for manipulation, identification, co-centering of multiple models, free-form 3D annotation, and output of results. The molecular research test case analyzes the local neighborhood around an individual atom within an ensemble of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) models, enabling immersive visual comparison of the local conformation with the local NMR experimental data, including target curves for residual dipolar couplings (RDCs).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The promise of KinImmerse for production-level molecular research in the DiVE is shown by the locally co-centered RDC visualization developed there, which gave new insights now being pursued in wider data analysis.</p

Exact Bayesian curve fitting and signal segmentation.

We consider regression models where the underlying functional relationship between the response and the explanatory variable is modeled as independent linear regressions on disjoint segments. We present an algorithm for perfect simulation from the posterior distribution of such a model, even allowing for an unknown number of segments and an unknown model order for the linear regressions within each segment. The algorithm is simple, can scale well to large data sets, and avoids the problem of diagnosing convergence that is present with Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) approaches to this problem. We demonstrate our algorithm on standard denoising problems, on a piecewise constant AR model, and on a speech segmentation problem

Lifetime determination of excited states in Cd-106

Two separate experiments using the Differential Decay Curve Method have been performed to extract mean lifetimes of excited states in 106 Cd. The inedium-spin states of interest were populated by the Mo-98(C-12, 4n) Cd-106 reaction performed at the Wright Nuclear Structure Lab., Yale University. From this experiment, two isomeric state mean lifetimes have been deduced. The low-lying states were populated by the Mo-96(C-13, 3n)Cd-106 reaction performed at the Institut fur Kernphysik, Universitat zu Koln. The mean lifetime of the I-pi = 2(1)(+) state was deduced, tentatively, as 16.4(9) ps. This value differs from the previously accepted literature value from Coulomb excitation of 10.43(9) ps

Three-dimensional pattern formation, multiple homogeneous soft modes, and nonlinear dielectric electroconvection

Patterns forming spontaneously in extended, three-dimensional, dissipative systems are likely to excite several homogeneous soft modes ($\approx$ hydrodynamic modes) of the underlying physical system, much more than quasi one- and two-dimensional patterns are. The reason is the lack of damping boundaries. This paper compares two analytic techniques to derive the patten dynamics from hydrodynamics, which are usually equivalent but lead to different results when applied to multiple homogeneous soft modes. Dielectric electroconvection in nematic liquid crystals is introduced as a model for three-dimensional pattern formation. The 3D pattern dynamics including soft modes are derived. For slabs of large but finite thickness the description is reduced further to a two-dimensional one. It is argued that the range of validity of 2D descriptions is limited to a very small region above threshold. The transition from 2D to 3D pattern dynamics is discussed. Experimentally testable predictions for the stable range of ideal patterns and the electric Nusselt numbers are made. For most results analytic approximations in terms of material parameters are given.Comment: 29 pages, 2 figure