A multimethod laboratory study

Funding Information: This study was partially funded by FAPERJ and CNPq. Funding Information: The authors acknowledge Fernanda Carvalho for running the differential scanning calorimetry tests on the endodontic files. The Article Processing Charge for the publication of this research was funded by the Coordena\u00E7\u00E3o de Aperfei\u00E7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00EDvel Superior \u2010 Brasil (CAPES) (ROR identifier: 00x0ma614). Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s). International Endodontic Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Endodontic Society.Aim: To evaluate the influence of blade design (conventional, flat and hybrid) and metallurgical properties on the mechanical performance of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. Methodology: Two hundred and seven NiTi instruments (25 mm in length) with three different blade designs were selected for analysis: conventional (n = 69, CC One Blue, size 25/0.08v), flat (n = 69, Platinum V.EU, size 25/0.06) and hybrid (n = 69, Flash Endo Power, size 25/0.06v). The instruments were evaluated regarding geometric design (scanning electron microscopy), alloy elements composition (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) and phase transformation temperatures (differential scanning calorimetry). Additionally, their mechanical behaviour was investigated by testing cyclic fatigue resistance, torsional resistance, bending resistance, buckling resistance, cutting efficiency and microhardness. Statistical significance was determined using One-Way anova and Kruskal–Wallis tests (α = 5%). Results: Platinum V.EU and Flash instruments exhibited design inconsistencies within the same lot, including nonstandard positioning and variations in the length of the flat side. All instruments were composed of a nickel-titanium alloy with equiatomic ratios of nickel and titanium. At 20°C, Flash instruments exhibited a mixed R-phase and austenitic arrangement, transitioning fully to austenitic at 36°C, while CC One Blue and Platinum V.EU displayed a complete R-phase at 20°C and retained a mixed R-phase and austenitic arrangement at 36°C. The CC One Blue exhibited superior performance in time to fracture (156 ± 34 s), maximum torque (1.5 N·cm) and buckling strength (372 ± 31 gf) (p <.0001), while no differences were found in maximum rotation angle (p =.602). In terms of flexibility, the Flash (328 gf) and CC One Blue (341 gf) outperformed the Platinum V.EU (376 gf) (p =.006). Flash (121 gf) and CC One Blue (137 gf) also outperformed Platinum V.EU (253 gf) in terms of cutting efficiency (p <.0001). Conversely, the Platinum V.EU demonstrated significantly higher microhardness (386 ± 45 HVN) compared to CC One Blue and Flash (p =.0340). Conclusions: Overall, instruments featuring either flat-side (Platinum V.EU) or hybrid (Flash) active blades demonstrated inferior mechanical performance compared to the conventional nonflat instrument (CC One Blue).publishersversionpublishe

Tailored implementation of national recommendations on fall prevention among older adults in municipalities in Norway (FALLPREVENT trial): a study protocol for a cluster-randomised trial

Background: Despite substantial research evidence indicating the effectiveness of a range of interventions to pre- vent falls, uptake into routine clinical practice has been limited by several implementation challenges. The complexity of fall prevention in municipality health care underlines the importance of flexible implementation strategies tailored both to general determinants of fall prevention and to local contexts. This cluster-randomised trial (RCT) investigates the effectiveness of a tailored intervention to implement national recommendations on fall prevention among older home-dwelling adults compared to usual practice on adherence to the recommendations in health professionals.Methods: Twenty-five municipalities from four regions in Norway will be randomised to intervention or control arms. Each municipality cluster will recruit up to 30 health professionals to participate in the study as responders. The tailored implementation intervention comprises four components: (1) identifying local structures for implementation, (2) establishing a resource team from different professions and levels, (3) promoting knowledge on implementation and fall prevention and (4) supporting the implementation process. Each of these components includes several implementation activities. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) will be used to categorise determinants of the implementation process and the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) will guide the matching of barriers to implementation strategies. The primary outcome measure for the study will be health professionals’ adherence to the national recommendations on fall prevention measured by a questionnaire. Secondary outcomes include injurious falls, the feasibility of the intervention, the experiences of the implementation process and intervention costs. Measurements will be carried out at baseline in August 2023, post-intervention in May 2024 and at a follow-up in November 2024.Discussion: This study will provide evidence on the effectiveness, intervention costs and underlying processes of change of tailored implementation of evidence-based fall prevention recommendations.Trial registration: The trial is registered in the Open Science Registry: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/JQ9T5. Regis- tered: March 03, 2023.<br/

A surveillance of enteropathogens in piglets from birth to seven days of age in Brazil

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the real importance of anaerobic enteropathogens and rotavirus in contrast to more common agents as cause of diarrhea in piglets within the first week of life. Sixty 1- to 7-day-old piglets, 30 diarrheic and 30 non-diarrheic (control), from 15 different herds were selected, euthanized and necropsied. Samples of the jejunum, ileum, colon, cecum and feces were collected from the piglets and analyzed to determine the presence of the following enteropathogens: enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Clostridium perfringens types A and C, Clostridium difficile, rotavirus and Isospora suis. Among diarrheic piglets, 23.3% were positive for C. difficile, 70% for C. perfringens type A cpb2+, 14.3% for rotavirus and 10% for ETEC. Among non-diarrheic control piglets, 10% were positive for C. difficile, 76.7% for C. perfringens type A cpb2+, 0% for rotavirus, 3.3% for ETEC and 3.3% for I. suis. C. perfringens type C was not detected in any of the animals. Histological lesions characteristic of C. difficile, E. coli and rotavirus were observed. However, no C. perfringens type A suggestive lesions were detected. There was a positive correlation between mesocolon edema and the presence of C. difficile toxins. Although C. perfringens type A cpb2+ was the most frequently detected enteropathogen, there was no association between its presence and diarrhea or macro or microscopic changes. C. difficile and Rotavirus were the most relevant pathogens involved with neonatal diarrhea in this study, and histopathology associated with microbiological test proved to be the key to reach a final diagnosis

Componentes de produção e morfologia de raízes de mandioca sob diferentes preparos do solo

In order to evaluate the effect of minimum tillage, conventional tillage and no-tillage on yield components and the morphology of roots of sweet cassava cv. IAC 576-70 was conducted a field experiment in randomized blocks design with split plot with six replications. The different tillages: minimum tillage, conventional tillage and no-tillage plots were considered the plots and the evaluation time, in days after planting, were considered the subplots. In this experiment were mensured the number, length, diameter, fresh and dry weight, dry matter content and morphological characteristics of cassava roots at different sampling times. From the results of these assessments it was concluded that the soil tillage influence root diameter, fresh and dry weight, in the early dormancy phase and new period of vegetative growth, the soil tillage did not influence the chronological definition of the yield component as well as the morphology of cassava roots and the yield components of sweet cassava cv. IAC 576-70 are defined in the following order, number of roots, length, diameter, dry matter content, fresh and dry weight.Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de cultivo mínimo, plantio convencional e plantio direto sobre os componentes de produção e a morfologia das raízes tuberosas de mandioca da cultivar de mesa IAC 576-70, conduziu-se este experimento a campo em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas com seis repetições. Os preparos do solo, cultivo mínimo, preparo convencional e plantio direto, foram consideradas as parcelas e as épocas de avaliação, em dias após o plantio, foram consideras as subparcelas. Neste experimento foram avaliados o número, comprimento, diâmetro, massas fresca e seca, teor de massa seca e as características morfológicas das raízes de mandioca em diferentes épocas de avaliação. A partir dos resultados dessas avaliações foi possível concluir que o preparo de solo influencia no diâmetro das raízes, nas massas fresca e seca no início das fases de repouso fisiológico e retomada do novo período vegetativo; que o preparo de solo não influencia a definição cronológica dos componentes de produção nem a morfologia de raízes de mandioca; e que os componentes da produção de raízes são definidos no tempo na seguinte ordem: número de raízes, comprimento, diâmetro, teor de massa seca, massas fresca e seca.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento VegetalUNESP FCA Instituto de BiociênciasUNESP FCA Departamento de HorticulturaInstituto Agronômico Centro de HorticulturaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento VegetalUNESP FCA Instituto de BiociênciasUNESP FCA Departamento de Horticultur