Variation in physiological host range in three strains of two species of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria

Knowledge of the host range of a biocontrol agent (BCA) is fundamental. Host range determines the BCA's economic potential, as well as the possible risk for non-target organisms. Entomopathogenic fungal strains belonging to the genus Beauveria are widely used as BCA, but our knowledge of their physiological host range is only partial. The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the physiological host range of three Beauveria strains belonging to two species, B. hoplocheli and B. bassiana. We performed laboratory mortality bioassays to assess their pathogenicity and virulence against nine insect pests, belonging to three orders: Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera. Mortality rate, mean survival time and mycosis rate were used to estimate virulence. Pathogenicity was assessed as the capacity to cause a disease and induce mortality. Virulence was assessed as the severity of the disease based on mortality rate, mean survival time and mycosis rate. The results of this study revealed significant differences in the physiological host range of the three Beauveria strains tested. The three strains were pathogenic to all Diptera and Lepidoptera species tested. In the case of the Coleoptera, only the B. hoplocheli strain was pathogenic to the white grub Hoplochelus marginalis and only the B. bassiana strains were pathogenic to Alphitobius diaperinus. The B. hoplocheli strain was less virulent on Lepidoptera and Diptera than the two B. bassiana strains. The latter both exhibited very similar virulence patterns. The fact that B. hoplocheli and B. bassiana strains have different host ranges means that they can be used as BCA to target different pests. Impacts on non-target insects across multiple orders cannot be ruled out in the absence of ecological host range studies

Energy Dispersive X-Ray Diffraction System as a Promising Virtual Biopsy in Mammography

International audienceX-ray diffraction is a powerful technique to provide information on the molecular structure of samples. Thanks to this property, it has been found to be useful in different fields of applications such as security check and cancer research, especially breast cancer. A diffraction imaging might bemore specific than conventional mammography, especially to distinguish dense healthy fibroglandular tissues from carcinoma.Hence, the idea is to realize a virtual biopsy using Xray diffraction rather than a breast biopsy if mammography outcome is unsure

Use of advanced cluster analysis to characterize seafood consumption patterns and methyle mercury exposures among pregnant women

Because of the variability in food contamination and nutrient contents, consumers must balance the risks and benefits of fish consumption through their choice of species, meal size and frequency. The objectives of this study were to characterize the risk of MeHg exposure in French pregnant women consuming fish, and to explore the use of unsupervised statistical learning as an advanced type of cluster analysis to identify patterns of fish consumption that could predict exposure to MeHg and the coverage of the Recommended Daily Allowance for n-3 PUFA. The proportion of pregnant women exposed at levels higher than the Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) for MeHg is similar to that observed amongst women of childbearing age in previous French studies. At the same time, only about 50% of the women reached the recommended intake of 500 mg/day n-3 PUFA. Cluster analysis of the fish consumption showed that they could be grouped in five major clusters that are largely predictable of the intake of both MeHg and n-3 PUFA. This study provides demonstrates that a global increase in seafood consumption could lead to MeHg exposure above the toxicological limits, thereby questioning the potential beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA intakes

Calcul analytique de courbes COR en imagerie de diffraction X

National audience– Les caractéristiques opérationnelles de réception (COR) sont utilisées pour étudier la séparabilité entre deux distributions A et B. Généralement, des courbes COR sont construites en générant de nombreuses réalisations de A et B. Dans cet article, nous proposons une méthode analytique d'analyse COR basée sur la géométrie d'information. Cette méthode a été validée sur des données simulées de diffraction X. Abstract – Receiver operation charactéristics (ROC) are used to study the discrimination power of a system or test between two distributions A and B. In general, ROC curves are obtained by producing numerous observations of A and B. In this paper, we propose an analytical ROC calculation method based on information geometry. This method has been tested on simulated X-ray diffraction data

To the Theory of Ferrohydrodynamic Circulating Flow Induced by Running Magnetic Field

We present results of theoretical modeling of macroscopic circulating flow induced in a drop of ferrofluid by oscillating running magnetic field. The drop is placed in a narrow flat channel filled by a nonmagnetic liquid. The aim of this work is development of a scientific basis for a progressive method of address drug delivery to thrombus clots in blood vessels with the help of the magnetically induced circulation flow. Our results show that the oscillating running field allows inducing the carrier fluid flow with velocity amplitude 1–10 cm/s. This is the range of values, presenting interest from the point of view of the drug delivery. © 2020, EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature

Field-induced circulation flow in magnetic fluids

In this paper, we present results of a theoretical study of circulation flow in ferrofluids under the action of an alternating inhomogeneous magnetic field. The results show that the field with the amplitude of about 17 kA m−1 and angular frequency 10 s−1 can induce mesoscopic flow with a velocity amplitude of about 0.5 mm s−1. This mechanism can be used for intensification of drag delivery in blood vessels. © 2020 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANRMinistry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: FEUZ-2020-005119-31-90003, 18-08-00178, 20-02-00022Data accessibility. This article has no additional data. Authors’ contributions. P.K. and G.V.-D.: the physical idea of the study. A.Z.: mathematical model. A.M. and M.R.-M.: calculations. Competing interests. We declare we have no competing interests. Funding. The work was supported by the Russian Fund of Basic Researches, projects 18-08-00178, 19-31-90003 and 20-02-00022; by the programme of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, project FEUZ-2020-0051; by French ‘Agence Nationale de la Recherche’, Project Future Investments UCA JEDI, No. ANR-15-IDEX-01 (projects ImmunoMag and MagFilter) and by the private company Axlepios Biomedicals

Kinetics of field-induced phase separation of a magnetic colloid under rotating magnetic fields

This paper is focused on the experimental and theoretical study of the phase separation of a magnetic nanoparticle suspension under rotating magnetic fields in a frequency range, 5 Hz ≤ ν ≤ 25 Hz, relevant for several biomedical applications. The phase separation is manifested through the appearance of needle-like dense particle aggregates synchronously rotating with the field. Their size progressively increases with time due to the absorption of individual nanoparticles (aggregate growth) and coalescence with neighboring aggregates. The aggregate growth is enhanced by the convection of nanoparticles toward rotating aggregates. The maximal aggregate length, Lmax ∝ ν-2, is limited by fragmentation arising as a result of their collisions. Experimentally, the aggregate growth and coalescence occur at a similar timescale, ∼1 min, weakly dependent on the field frequency. The proposed theoretical model provides a semi-quantitative agreement with the experiments on the average aggregate size, aggregation timescale, and size distribution function without any adjustable parameter. © 2020 Author(s).We are grateful to Dr. A. Bee and Dr. D. Talbot from PHENIX laboratory at Sorbonne University (Paris, France) for providing us with the parent ferrofluid. P.K. acknowledges the French “Agence Nationale de la Recherche,” Project Future Investments UCA JEDI, Grant No. ANR-15-IDEX-01 (projects ImmunoMag and MagFilter) and the private company Axlepios Biomedical for financial support, and J.Q.C. acknowledges the financial support of UCA JEDI and Axlepios Biomedical through the PhD fellowship. A.Z. thanks the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 20-12-00031, for financial support

Kinetics of phase separation of magnetic colloids in rotating magnetic fields

Работа выполнена при поддержке РФФИ (грант 19-31-60036)

Nonlinear theory of macroscopic flow induced in a drop of ferrofluid

We present results of theoretical modelling of macroscopic circulating flow induced in a cloud of ferrofluid by an oscillating magnetic field. The cloud is placed in a cylindrical channel filled by a nonmagnetic liquid. The aim of this work is the development of a scientific basis for a progressive method of addressing drug delivery to thrombus clots in blood vessels with the help of the magnetically induced circulation flow. Our results show that the oscillating field can induce, inside and near the cloud, specific circulating flows with the velocity amplitude about several millimetres per second. These flows can significantly increase the rate of transport of the molecular non-magnetic impurity in the channel. This article is part of the theme issue 'Transport phenomena in complex systems (part 1)'. © 2021 The Author(s).Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR-15-IDEX-01; Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 20-12-00031Data accessibility. Source code and numerical data has been provided as electronic supplementary material. Authors’ contributions. A.Y.Z. and P.K. were involved in problem statement and development of the mathematical model. D.C., M.R.M. and G.V.D. were involved in analytical and numerical calculations. Competing interests. We declare we have no competing interests Funding. A.Z. and D.C. thanks the Russian Science Foundation, project 20-12-00031, for the financial support. P.K. and M.R.M. thank the funding of French ‘Agence Nationale de la Recherche’, Project Future Investments UCA JEDI, No. ANR-15-IDEX-01 (projects ImmunoMag and MagFilter) and by the private company Axlepios Biomedical